Chapter 9: Volcanic Features and Landforms (Questions)

1. These are steep-sided (30-35) conical features composed of volcanic rock fragments of
various sizes and compositions emitted during explosive eruptions.
a. spatter cones
b. pyroclastic cones
c. composite cones
d. shield volcanoes
2. Linear ridges produced from the solidification of airborne blobs of liquid lava that have been
emitted several hundred feet high from fissures.
a. spatter ridge
b. spatter rampart
c. lava ridge
d. lava levees
3. Which of the following statement is true?
a. Pahoehoe and aa lavas may be basaltic to andesitic in composition.
b. Aa lava flows can evolve to pahoehoe by increasing slope gradients.
c. Pahoehoe lavas are restricted to basaltic composition.
d. Pahoehoe flows cannot change into aa flows.
4. Spatter that solidifies at the base of lava fountains is referred to as _____________
a. Welded tuff
b. Agglomerate deposit
c. Welded spatter
d. Agglutinated tephra
5. Block lavas consisting of smooth-sided blocks up to several meters in diameter lithify as
_____________
a. volcanic breccia
b. agglutinate deposit
c. welded tuff
d. spatter
6. Which of the following is not an example of an ocean ridge exposed above sea level due to
unusually large volumes of erupted lava?
a. Galapagos Island
b. Sumatra Island
c. Azores Island
d. Iceland
7. What is the general term describing the release of glacial meltwater floods, which can also result
from subglacial volcanic eruptions?
a. Jkulhalps
b. Jkulhlaups
c. Jkulhalups
d. Jkluhlaups
8. Considered as the largest flood basalt with both oceanic and continental components, and is
associated with the breakup of Pangea.
a. (CAMP) Central Atlantic Magmatic Province
b. (CIMP) Central Iberian Magmatic Province
c. Deccan Trap
d. Siberian Trap
9. The Lost City Vent Field, a white smoker vent field discovered by the Alvin submersible in
December 2000, was found 14.5 km west of ______________.
a. Juan de Fuca Ridge
b. Chile Ridge
c. Mid-Atlantic Ridge
d. East Pacific Ridge
10. Inverse volcanoes, with their depression calderas as their significant aspect, are also called
a. basalt caldera complexes
b. andesite caldera complexes
c. dacite caldera complexes
d. rhyolite caldera complexes
11. Yellowstone is among the largest resurgent calderas on Earth. The three major cataclysmic
eruptions of Yellowstone within the Quaternary Period occurred
a. 2Ma, 6Ma, & 12Ka
b. 12Ma, 6Ka, & 2Ka
c. 6Ma, 1.2Ma, & 2Ka
d. 2Ma, 1.2Ma, & 6Ka
12. What type of eruption is characterized by periodic bursts of moderately explosive eruption
with great concentrations of pyroclastic fragments and incandescent basaltic lava flows?
a. Strombolian
b. Icelandic
c. Vulcanian
d. Vesuvian
13. Which of the following does not represent a caldera generated by massive explosive eruptions?
a. Lake Taupo
b. Mt. Toba
c. Kilauea
d. Mt. Mazama
14. Despite the high hydrostatic pressure environment, explosive caldera eruptions also occur in
ocean. A good example of this is ________________
a. Mt. Mazama
b. Mt. St. Helens
c. McCauley Caldera
d. Kilauea
15. What is true about flood basalts?
a. There are no known modern examples of flood basalts.
b. Modern example is the island of Hawaii.
c. Flood basalts usually release lava through central vents.
d. Produced by very viscous basaltic lava that envelop hundreds of thousands km2
16. The primary source of basaltic lava flowing into the ocean along the SE coast of Hawaii is
generated from Puu Oo Volcano. Among the following, where is this volcano located?
a. Kohala
b. Hualalai
c. Mauna Kea
d. Kilauea
17. What features are described as elevated lateral banks that contain the lava flow within a steam-
like channel?
a. Lava levees
b. Lava tube
 c. Lava rivers
d. Lava channel
18. This type of volcano forms when lava and ash are erupted from a singular eruptive event over
a limited time frame. Best example of this is the Paricutin volcano in Mexico.
a. Phylogenetic volcano
b. Monogenetic volcano
c. Polygenetic volcano
d. Monogeneric volcano
19. Composite volcanoes are generally dominated by what type of lava composition?
a. rhyolitic
b. dacitic
c. andesitic
d. basaltic
20. A plug is composed of magma that solidifies within the conduit of the volcano. What do you
call the feature that forms when the plug is extruded onto the surface?
a. spine
b. button
c. fin
d. cork
21. What develops when a portion of a lava tube roof collapses, allowing an observer to peer into
the tunnel?
a. tube hole
b. caldera window
c. crater
d. skylight
22. Before the eruption of Mt. St Helens in May 18, 1980, a shallow dome was developed beneath
it. What do you call this feature?
a. cryptodome
b. spire
c. microdome
d. plug
23. A heat cloud that forms at the top of an eruption column. It spreads laterally as the result of
temperature inversions in the atmosphere during the eruption.
a. mushroom region
b. umbrella region
d. coat region
c. inverse thrust region
24. This is a mode of eruptive column behavior where buoyancy is exhibited by the thrust region
plume due to low particle concentration, and heating and mixing with surrounding atmospheric
air.
a. gravitational collapse
b. convective collapse
c. gravitational thrust
d. convective thrust
25. These deposits are generally lightweight, porous, poorly cemented and rather soft rocks that
form from the compaction and cementation of distal ash-sized particles.
a. ash fall tuffs
b. ash flow tuffs
c. distal tuffs
 d. ignimbrites
26. Mode of eruptive column behavior that produces pyroclastic flows.
a. gravitational collapse
b. convective collapse
c. gravitational thrust
d. convective thrust
27. Which of the following is the Earths largest rhyolite caldera complex supervolcano?
a. Lake Taupo
b.Yellowstone
c. Lake Toba
d. Valles Caldera
28. Which of the following is not true?
a. Maars are positive relief depressions that form by shallow explosive phreatomagmatic
eruptions.
b. Diamond Head of Hawaii is an excellent example of tuff ring.
c. Lake Becharof in Alaska, considered to be the second largest freshwater lake, is an
example of a maar filled with water.
d. Phreatomagmatic eruptions in Hawaii are attributed to magma levels dropping below the
water table.
29. A gently sloping, circular feature composed of stratified, glassy volcanic debris and scoria that
developed due to explosive eruption of basalt in lake, beach, or wetland environment.
a. tuff ring
b. tuff cone
c. maar
d.caldera
30. A circular volcanic feature formed by the eruption of basalt in water. It tends to be small and
steep due to less explosive eruptions of short duration.
a. tuff ring
b. tuff cone
c. maar
d.caldera
31. What is the type of explosive eruption that emits immense ash clouds >11km in height into the
stratosphere?
a. Vesuvian
b. Plinian
c. Ultraplinian
d.Vulcanian
32. What is the eruption name for the explosive, stream-blast eruptions with lava flows and
pyroclastic debris. This is named after the name of a volcanic island in Iceland that rose above sea
level on November 14, 1963.
a. Strombolian
b. Hawaiian
c. Icelandic
d. Surtseyan