Homework #2

Beam-Column Theory
Beam-Column with a uniformly distributed load

From FBD:
2
M ext w L x w x
= P y
2 2
M int
= E I y''
M ext = M int for equilibrium
2
w x w L x
Py = E I y''
2 2
2
w x w L x 2 P
E I y'' P y = but k
2 2 E I
2
2 w x w L x
y'' k y =
2 E I 2 E I

General Solution = y y c y p
2
2 w x w L x
The right hand side of y'' k y = is a polynomial:
2 E I 2 E I
2
y p C1 x C2 x C3

C1, C2,C3 are undetermined coeffiecients.

 Homework #2

d
y p C2 2 C1 x first derivative
dx

2
d
y 2 C1 second derivative
2 p
dx

2 2 2
y''p k y p= 2 C1 k
C1 x C2 x C3
so:

2
2 w x w L x
comparing the above with y'' k y = we get:
2 E I 2 E I
2 w
C1 k =
2 E I

2 w L
C2 k =
2 E I
2
2 C1 C3 k = 0

then:
w
C1
2
2 E I k

w L
C2
2
2 E I k

2 Cl w
C3 =
2 4
k E I k

therefore the particular solution is:

2
w x w L x w
y p
2 2 4
2 E I k 2 E I k E I k

and the complementary solution is:

y c A sin( k x ) B cos( k x )

the general solution can be written as:

2
w w x L w x
y = y c y p A sin( k x ) B cos( k x )
4 2 2
E I k 2 E I k 2 E I k

L w w x
d
dx

y c y p A k cos( k x ) B k sin( k x )
2

2
2 E I k E I k
 Homework #2

Boundary Conditions
y ( 0 ) 0

First boundary condition gives:

w
B
4
E I k

Second boundary condition gives:

k L
tan
w
A
E I k
4 2

The general solution becomes:

w tan( k L) sin( k x) cos( k x ) 1 w x ( L x )

y
4 2 2 E I k2
E I k

k x
introduce the notation:
2

4 2
w L sin( 2 x ) cos( 2 x ) w L
y tan( ) 1 x (L x)
16 E I
4 L L 2
8 E I

the value of the moment along the length of the member becomes:
2
w L sin( 2 x ) cos( 2 x )
M = E I y'' tan( ) 1
4
2 L L

Computation of ymax at the midspan:

4 4
w L 1 cos( ) w L
y max y =
L

2 16 E I
4 cos( )
32 E I
2

=
5w L


12 2 sec( ) 2 2
4

384 E I 4
5

= yo

12 2 sec( ) 2 2

4
5
by a trigonometric relationship can be written as:

k L P P P
= =
2 2 E I 2 Pe

ymax becomes:
 Homework #2

2
y max y o 1 1.003 1.004 ...
P P

Pe Pe
which can be simplified to:

y y o yo
1 1
=
P P
1 P 1 P
e e

Computation of Mmax at the midspan:

2
w L
M max m
L
= ( sec( ) 1 )
2 4
2

2
w L
2( sec( ) 1 )
=
8 2 where M0=W*L2/8

2 ( sec( ) 1 )
= Mo this is known as the theoretical amplification factor
2

substituting into the equation gives:

P P ....
2
M max M o 1 1.028 1
P
P P
Pe e e
which can be simplified to:

M max = M o 1 1.028
p 1
Pe P
1
Pe
1 1.028 p
P
M max
= Mo e
P
1 P
e

= Mo
M max 1
P this is known as the design amplification factor
1 P
e
 Homework #2

Theoretical Applification Factor

M max M o
2 ( sec ( ) 1 )
where M0=W*L2/8
2

Design Applification Factor

M max M o
1
2
P where P P 2
therefore =
1 P 2 Pe Pe
e
Tabulated
MomentModificationFactors
Theoretical Design %Difference
0.0 1.000 1.000 0%
0.1 1.004 1.004 0%
0.2 1.017 1.016 0%
0.3 1.039 1.038 0%
0.4 1.071 1.069 0%
0.5 1.116 1.113 0%
0.6 1.176 1.171 0%
0.7 1.255 1.248 1%
0.8 1.360 1.350 1%
0.9 1.503 1.489 1%
1 1.702 1.681 1%
1.1 1.991 1.962 1%
1.2 2.444 2.402 2%
1.3 3.241 3.174 2%
1.4 4.983 4.863 2%
1.5 11.677 11.350 3%
1.57 1018.107 986.526 3%

MomentAmplificationFactors
10000.000

1000.000
AmplificationFactor

100.000

10.000

1.000
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
,kl/2

Theoretical Design
 Homework #2

M o 1
P 1
Pe 2