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30 ED4
Nw = L2 64Ws (11)
30 k
Nt = W (12a)
donde W = masa de rganos de acoplamiento + medio y k = rigidez radial combinado
de los dos acoplamientos.
Entonces girando velocidad N teniendo en cuenta este efecto ser dada por:
12 1 2 1 2
N = Nw + Nt (12b)
acoplamientos
The choice of the appropriate coupling for a given application is not easy: the
majority of drive line problems probably have their origin in an incorrect choice of
components for the drive line, and are often cured by changes in this region. A
complete discussion would much exceed the scope of this book, but the reader
concerned with drive line design should obtain a copy of Ref. 4, which gives a
comprehensive treatment together with a valuable procedure for selecting the best
type of coupling for a given application. A very brief summary of the main types of
coupling follows.
Steel shaft
b
+
+T
Angular deflection ()
Estos difieren en tres aspectos importantes de los de, por ejemplo, un eje de acero
en torsin:
1. El acoplamiento no obedece la ley de Hooke: la tasa de rigidez o de acoplamiento
Cc = Tand / partlyincreasesa consequencewith torque.of theThiswayis itpartlyis
constreido. una propiedad inherente de la goma
2. La forma de la curva de par-deflexin no es independiente de la frecuencia.
caractersticas de torsin dinmicos se dan generalmente para una frecuencia
cclica de 10 Hz. Si se aplica la carga lentamente la rigidez se encuentra que es
sustancialmente menor. Los siguientes valores de la rigidez dinmica de relacin
(a 10 Hz) a la rigidez esttica de caucho natural de dureza variable se toman de
Ref. 4.
Shore (IHRD) dureza 40 50 60 70
Dinmicarigidez rigidez esttica 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4
Since the value of Cc varies with the deflection, manufacturers usually quote a
single figure which corresponds to the slope of the tangent ab to the torque
deflection curve at the rated torque, typically one third of the maximum
permitted torque.
3. If a cyclic torque steady T, suchtorqueasTthat, Fig.corresponding9.9, the
deflectionto a torsionalfollows avibration,path similaris superimposed on a to
that shown dotted. It is this feature, the hysteresis loop, which results in the
dissipation of energy, by an amount W proportional to the area of the loop that
is responsible for the damping characteristics of the coupling.
Damping energy dissipated in this way appears as heat in the rubber and can, under
adverse circumstances, lead to overheating and rapid destruction of the elements.
The appearance of rubber dust inside coupling guards is a warning sign.
The damping capacity of a component such as a rubber coupling is described by
the damping energy ratio:
W
=W
This may be regarded as the ratio of the energy dissipated by hysteresis in a single
cycle to the elastic energy corresponding to the wind-up of the coupling at mean
deflection:
2
1
W =T = 2T /Cc
The damping energy ratio is a property of the rubber. Some typical values are given
in Table 9.2. The dynamic magnifier is a function of the damping energy ratio: as
would be expected a high damping energy ratio corresponds to a low dynamic
magnifier. Some authorities give the relation:
M = 2/
= 1-e-2 / M
12 1 2 1 2 1 2
(13)
M = M1 + M2 + M3 +
(Esta es una regla emprica, recomendado en la Ref. 5).
La aplicacin de estos principios se ilustra mejor con un ejemplo prctico. Figura 9.1
representa un motor acoplado a modo de dobles mltiples-Bush acoplamientos de
goma de tipo y un eje de acero intermedia a un dinammetro de corrientes de
Foucault, con arranque dinammetro.
Especificacin del motor es la siguiente: