Vol. 34; No.

3 July - September 2017

1.0 Presidents Speech

Deep wali
2.0 Flash News HAPPY
3.0 New Laboratory at ERDA
4.0 R&D News
5.0 Workshops / Training Programs / Exhibitions
6.0 Meetings Organized at ERDA
7.0 Key Visitors to ERDA
8.0 Letters of Appreciation
9.0 ERDA Celebrations
10.0 Technical Article
11.0 Inspiring Leader Dr. Charles F. Brush

1.0 PRESIDENTS SPEECH DELIVERED BY SHRI Y. V. TABLE FOR FINANCIALS

JOSHI AT THE 43rd ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF (Rs. in Lakhs)
ELECTRICAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Financial Year 2016-17 2015-16
ASSOCIATION HELD ON SEPTEMBER 16, 2017 AT TOTAL INCOME 10400.34 7996.67
ERDA (WEST), RABALE
In-House Testing 6112.52 4656.65
My Dear Colleagues and Members of ERDA Family,
rd
Field Services 2105.89 1862.84
My hearty welcome to all of you to this 43 Annual General
R&D 823.91 216.44
Meeting of Electrical Research & Development Association. The
Annual Report and Audited Statement of Accounts are already SUB TOTAL 9042.32 6735.93
with you and with your permission, I am taking them to have been Other Income 1358.00 1260.74
read by all the members.
EXPENDITURE
As a utility person, I have seen ERDA since the last 3 decades.
Revenue 5527.17 4482.61
With its modest beginnings in the year 1974, it has emerged as a
National test house. Now, it has more than 25 state-of-the-art Capital 1834.99 1200.93
laboratories and four business centers spread all across the Total 7362.16 5683.54
country, namely its Head Office at Makarpura Vadodara, and three
regional laboratories ERDA (West) at Navi Mumbai Thus in the financial year 2016-17, the Testing & Evaluation
Maharashtra, ERDA (North) at Gurgaon - Haryana, and ERDA services contributed 58.8%, Field services contributed 20.2% and
(South) at Rajahmundry - Andhra Pradesh. R&D and Expert Services contributed 7.9% to the revenue
These centers are providing critical technical services to the earnings of more than Rs. 104 Crores. The testing and evaluation
Indian power sector in the areas of Testing & Evaluation, Field services grew by nearly 31% in financial year 2016-17 in
Services and R&D as well as Expert Services. comparison with the previous year, Field services grew by nearly
13% over previous year, while R&D and Expert Services saw a
It is my privilege to highlight some of the achievements and
significant growth in year 2016-17, as compared to the previous
activities of ERDA during the year 2016-17. Let me begin by
year figures.
congratulating ERDA for achieving a historic milestone of
crossing Rs. 100 Crores revenue earnings in the year 2016-17. The revenue earnings of 2016-17 were achieved by executing
Specifically, ERDAs total revenue generated in the year 2016-17 19,625 customer jobs / work orders as compared to 16,014
was approximately Rs. 104 Crores, which is 30% higher than the customer jobs / work orders in 2015-16. Thus for the year 2016-
revenue generated in the year 2015-16. The detailed audited 17, the service base has grown up by 23% over the previous year.
statement of income and expenditure for the period from April 1, A detailed analysis of the jobs executed in the year 2016-17
2016 to March 31, 2017 is already with you in the annual report shows that ERDA has catered to more than 350 Manufacturers,
2016-17, and I will only summarize the key indicators of the 55 Utilities/Boards, 25 Process Plants/Refineries, 30 Power
financial results in the year 2016-17 and compare them with the Plants and more than 41 PSU/Government agencies including the
financial indicators of year 2015-16. Department of Defence.
Total outstanding as on March 31, 2017 is Rs. 17.06 crores. Out
of this for financial year 2016-17 the outstanding is of Rs. 15.58
crores against revenue of Rs. 90.42 crore i.e. 17% of the revenue.
The same is Rs. 14.62 crores against revenue of Rs. 67.35 crores
i.e. 22% of the revenue in previous financial year. So due to the
constant follow up, outstanding has been reduced. ERDA is
putting efforts for collection of outstanding amount.
The Transformer section has achieved revenue income of Rs. 747
Lacs in FY 2016-17. It has shown a growth of nearly 100%, as
compared to last year figures of 378 Lacs. A total of 1744
transformers have been tested. Transformer section has also
carried out testing of approximately 1618 transformers at site.
Thus total number of transformers tested by this section are 3362,
i.e nearly 10 transformers per day. The above numbers include
220 transformer samples from BIS. To date, ERDA has carried out
testing of 340 transformers directly received from BIS from year
2014-15 till March 31, 2017 and has consequently played a major
role in the national cause of standardization of transformers.
In the financial year 2016-17, the Switchgear section also have
generated a record revenue of Rs. 3.64 Crores from ASTA,
UK/India.
The Power Systems section recorded a revenue of Rs. 9.22
Crores which is 75% higher, as compared to its earnings in the
year 2015-16. The Third Party Inspection Section grew by 35%
over the year 2015-2016 with earnings of Rs. 4.71 Crores.
The Liquid Dielectrics laboratory had excellent business this year,
with its score of Oil samples exceeding 17,800 which is nearly
20% growth over the previous year.
A number of specialized jobs have been undertaken within the
testing & evaluation vertical, including temperature rise test
carried out by Switchgear section on LT panels at controlled
ambient temperature of 55C to meet Gulf market demand under
ASTA, UK certification. Further, specialized testing of PILC cables
was carried out by cables section for load cycle test by preparing a
special test setup for applying simultaneous voltage and current.
Specialized field services were provided for large number of
customers for third party inspection and for third party
supervision and inspection of electrification works under various
schemes of the Government.
Under the R&D and Expert services vertical, specialist services
were provided for a number of areas to various power and process
plants. These expert services included power quality
measurement & mitigation measures, specialized assignments
for condition assessment of electrical and mechanical equipment
of power and process plants, energy efficiency assignments for
supercritical thermal power plants, etc. Services were also
provided for FEA based optimization & modelling of equipment
such as insulators, OLTCs, Turbine Rotors, etc. Further, a number
of assignments were undertaken for power systems studies using
advanced power system packages such as MIPOWER and ETAP.
During the year, ERDA has executed Contract Research Projects
for customers including Reliance Industries, Dupont, Ecolibrium
and ABB. ERDA submitted 4 Research Proposals worth Rs. 132
lakhs, out of which 2 proposals worth Rs.85 lakhs were approved
for funding under Contract Research category by NETRA, the
research arm of NTPC.
ERDA undertook 11 internal Research & Development projects
this year and completed 7 research projects. The completed
projects include Relative Corrosion Behavior of Galvanized and
Passivated Galvanized Components, Silver Carbon-Nano Tube
based Electrical Contact Material, Corrosion Resistant Paint,
Insulation Coordination, Switching Study on Variable Shunt
Reactor, Novel Method for Oxidation Stability, and Nano
Composites for Higher Thermal Resistance for Cable Insulation.
To promote the culture of R&D within the organization, the R&D
division also undertook 10 innovative projects for demonstration
within the campus. These projects are Wireless Charging of
Mobiles, Portable Solar Pump, Domestic Application of LVDC, DC
Charge Controller for Golf Cart Charging, Intelligent Lighting
System, Battery Charging using Rooftop Ventilator, Plastic Road,
Drip Irrigation, Controller for ERDA Fountain, and Bio-gas Pump.
These projects have been successfully completed and have also
been demonstrated/implemented within the ERDA campus.
Based on research work carried out by ERDA scientists and
engineers, two patents have been filed in the year 2016-17. These
patents are New Silver Carbon Nano Tube Contacts Tips for
Low Voltage Switchgear & Nano Filled Corrosion Resistant
Paint.
ERDA presented & published 13 papers in international and
national conferences and journals in the year 2016-17. Further, a
total of eight invited lectures were delivered by ERDA engineers &
scientists at various forums in the country. ERDA also
successfully completed ten failure analysis jobs for utilities and
process plants.
ERDAs membership number stood at 221, as on March 31, 2017,
which includes 27 new members added during the year. In the
year 2016-17, the Managing Committee of ERDA has approved
Life Membership with a view to relieve the members from repeated
efforts every year for membership renewal and build up
relationship of endless loyalty. Also more new members are
invited to widen the base of organization by better participation of
Industries and Institutions of the Power Sector. This new
membership policy has been implemented by ERDA since April 1,
2017.
The year 2016-17 also saw ERDA carrying out vendor registration
for 30 customers including NTPC, BPCL, Tata Sky, Airports
Authority of India, Goa Shipyard and Eaton. During the year, the
Business Development Division participated in more than 152
tenders with approximate value of Rs. 33.45 Crores out of which
tenders worth Rs. 17.65 Crores were won by ERDA.
In the year 2016-17, ERDA Established New State of Art Test
Facility of Moving Mirror type C Goniophotometer" for LED
lighting products. The project was sponsored by Government of
Gujarat. The project was completed one month ahead of its
targeted schedule of 9 month. It is also pertinent to mention that
this project was completed well within its budgeted cost. The
facility was inaugurated by Honorable Minister Shri Chimanbhai
Sapariya, Minister of Energy and Agriculture, Government of
Gujarat on October 6, 2016 and was accredited by the National
Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories
(NABL), Government of India in December 2016.
During the year 2016-17, ERDA commissioned a standby 5 MVA
132kV/33kV short circuit transformer in the Short Circuit
Laboratory at Savli in the month of July 2017. The entire job of
installation and commissioning was completed within 17 days
time.
The foundation stone for Partial Discharge Laboratory was laid by
the Honourable Shri Sujit Gulati, IAS, Additional Chief Secretary,
Energy and Petrochemicals Department, Government of Gujarat,
on October 8, 2016. This Partial Discharge Test Laboratory will be
operational from December 2017. The total project cost is Rs.
13.66 Crores and Government of Gujarat has sanctioned grant of
Rs. 5.71 Crores. Out of which ERDA has received Rs. 3.42 Crores
till March 31, 2017. Construction of the laboratory along with the
shielding room has been initiated and the project is now in an
advanced stage of completion.
ERDA is also in process of establishing a CoE for MV Switchgear
and Medium Voltage Short Circuit Laboratory at its Head Office in
Vadodara. CESI of Italy was appointed as the consultant for
preparation of the technical feasibility report for this project. This
report has been submitted by CESI and the project is in active
consideration of Government of Gujarat and the Department of
Heavy Industries Government of India, for funding.
ERDA also submitted a proposal for setting up of a High
Temperature Low Sag (HTLS) Conductor Evaluation laboratory to
Government of Gujarat for funding. The total Project cost is
approximately Rs. 4.45 Crores. This laboratory is expected to be
operational in the financial year 2018-2019.
BIS has renewed ERDAs scope of recognition for existing 95
products and has also included 41 new products. With this, ERDA
is now recognized by BIS for a total of 136 products. This is
approximately 43% growth in number of products under BIS
Scope at ERDA. Further, ERDAs scope for transformer testing
facility as per IS:1180-2014 has been now enhanced for rating up
to 2500 kVA & 11kV to 33 kV. In addition, our energy meter facility
is now also included under approved BIS scope for smart meters,
data exchange for electricity meter reading, tariff and load control
comparison specifications & AC direct connected static
prepayment meters for active energy as per relevant Indian
Standards.
ERDA received approval from BIS for UPS & IT equipment
products under CRS (Compulsory Registration Scheme) notified
by Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY).
ERDA also got empanelment with EESL (Energy Efficiency
Services Ltd.), a Joint Venture Company of PSUs of Ministry of
Power, Govt. of India, for testing of DELP-LED bulbs.
ERDAs EMI-EMC Laboratory was audited by ASTA auditors from
UK. This laboratory is also upgraded for MIL testing for up to
200A.
ERDAs Third Party Inspection Section has applied for
accreditation as per ISO: 17020 from NABCB, QCI as Type A
Inspection body for inspection of various electrical products,
transmission line hard ware, poles, etc.
In the year 2016-17, all the regional laboratories of ERDA, namely
ERDA (West), ERDA (North) & ERDA (South) have received full
NABL accreditation for various test & evaluation and calibration
services provided by these laboratories.
ERDA carried out 13 customer meets in the year which included
meetings at MAHAGENCO, KPTCL, BESCOM, MP GENCO, KPCL,
GSFC, HAL, Reliance, BBMB, CBIP, NHPC, MAHATRANSCO along
with SAMPARK 2017 - an annual customer meet held at ERDA.
The turnout this year at SAMPARK 2017 was more than 85
customers. The focus of the meet was on Field and Expert
Services of ERDA.
ERDA participated in 7 exhibitions during the year. These included
SWITCH Global Expo 2016, INTELLECT 2017 & Middle East
Electricity. ERDA stall was awarded Best Stall design award at
SWITCH 2016 Exhibition at Vadodara and Runners-up award in
Best Stall design category at INTELLECT 2017 Exhibition at
Greater Noida.
In order to support ERDAs growth momentum, 34 new
employees were inducted to support its R&D activities, in house
testing and field services. These employees will be useful for
better customer services, timely testing activities and future
growth prospects.
The management believes that success of ERDA largely depends
upon its public perception and outstanding customer service. In
this connection, ERDA has undertaken some major customer
centric measures in the year 2016 17 which are expected to
have a major impact on its business in the coming years. These
initiatives include initiation of on line booking of test dates on
ERDAs web portal for Short Circuit, Impulse and EMI/EMC
laboratories, launching of a well-furnished customer lounge with
AC, computers, TV, internet access and drinking water facilities,
implementation of an auto emailer service to intimate customers
about the progress/status of their work orders, and availability of a
battery operated E-vehicle (Golf cart) for ease of movement of
customers within ERDA.
A total of 12 training programs covering testing & evaluation,
quality systems, fire & safety, team building, personal
effectiveness, electrical safety, first aid, soft skills etc, were
conducted in the year 2016-17. A total of 430 employees
participated in these training programs. These training programs
included a four day internal auditor course as per ISO 17025 for 30
employees through CII. With completion of this training, ERDAs
strength of internal auditors is now 64 and external NABL
assessors is 31. ERDA also organized program on awareness
and implementation of OHSAS 18001 (occupational health and
safety) for 20 staff members through DNV GL. Further, training on
measurement uncertainty was arranged for all technical staff to
enhance the competence level.
ERDA always believes that employees are the real assets of the
organization. For the benefit of employees, a total of 18
celebrations, functions, and employee engagement activities
were organized during the year 2016-17.
ERDA celebrated Gujarat Divas on May 2, 2016 to mark the
formation of a separate Gujarat State out of the erstwhile Mumbai
Province. Dr. Kiran N. Shinglot, Director, Yoga Niketan, Vadodara
and Former In-Charge Chief Medical Officer, The M.S. University
of Baroda graced the function as Chief Guest and delivered a talk
on Garvi Gujarat. In addition, ERDA Employees delivered
presentations titled History of Gujarat Divas, Dr. Vikram
Sarabhai The Father of Indian Space Programme, Golden
Gujarat and The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.
ERDA Celebrated National Technology Day on 11th May 2016.
Shri N. N. Misra, Ex. Director (Operations) NTPC graced the
function as Chief Guest and Shri Maheswar Sahu, IAS, Former
Additional Chief Secretary (Industries and Mines) Govt. of Gujarat
graced the function as Guest of Honor. The Nanubhai Amin
Memorial Lecture was delivered by Shri N. N. Misra, Chief Guest.
The Guest of Honour Shri M. Sahu delivered the keynote address.
Director ERDA, Dr. M. K. Shah highlighted the significance and
history of the National Technology Day. As part of the
celebrations, ERDAs R&D staff members also made power point
presentations on Application of Nanotechnology in Energy
Sector, Global Trends in Development of Power Transmission &
Distribution Systems, and Application of Power Electronics in
Renewables and Smart Grid.
ERDA celebrated its 43rd Foundation Day on March 14, 2017 at its
Vadodara complex in the august presence of Shri Anand Kumar,
Chairman, Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission (GERC), as
Chief Guest and Shri Surendra Prasad, General Manager, Power
Grid Corporation of India Limited (PGCIL), as Guest of Honour. I
had the privilege of presiding over this function, in my capacity as
President ERDA. During the function, performance and
achievement awards were presented in six different categories
namely Mylavaram Technical Excellence, Best Performance,
R&D, Long Service, Good House Keeping, and Incentive along
with Educational and Sports Scholarships.
In addition, ERDA celebrated Independence Day, Clean ERDA,
Clean India Day, Diwali Function, ERDA Annual Day,
Republic Day National Fire & Safety Day, International
Womens Day, as well as International Yoga Day.
On an average, ERDA receives over 300 important visitors to its
campus every year. While all the visitors and customers are
important, a few eminent visitors who visited during 2016-17
were from KEMA Laboratory, the Netherlands; CESI, Italy; Ministry
of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises, Govt. of India and NTPC
Limited.
Looking at ERDAs growth trajectory over the past 43 year, ERDA
has significantly contributed to enhancement of the reliability and
maintainability of electrical assets of the Indian utilities and
industries through Investigation, Evaluation, Certification, Field
Services, Expert Services and Research and Development in the
field of Electrical Power Engineering. It is a pleasure to note that
over the years, ERDA has emerged as a nationally reputed premier
organization with financial self-reliance and high technical
competence.
In my small tenure with ERDA since the last one year or so, I have
come across feedback from various stake holders regarding their
variety of expectations. I consider them as inputs to our growth
engine and give my thanks to all the stake holders for their valued
suggestions.
Based on those, I will suggest ERDA to note few things to have
consistency in performance in future also.
I want to share some of things of my mind which I feel would be
useful for ERDA in coming future.
Following three things are important for all
- No complacency in your work.
- Top up your work Do something extra
- No fear - develop fearless atmosphere, anybody can share
with anybody
For testing vertical I will suggest 3Ts
- Timely service (Prompt-On time service)
- Transparency / clarity (in process and reports)
- Trust develop within and outside
As the name suggests Research and Development, lots of R&D
activity has to be going on. R&D cannot be done in isolation. It
should be part and parcel of your job.
From R&D and all other verticals one should consider 3Cs
- Competency
- Capability / Expertise
- Command
I hope ERDA people will like to walk on these principles to acquire
global attention.
ERDA today has 390 employees spread over the length and
breadth of the country. Friends, there would be many more who
have participated in todays growth of ERDA since its
establishment. We also respect all for their contributions.
However, I wish to express my sincere thanks to all my colleagues
in the Managing Committee, Vice President ERDA - Shri J. C.
Marathe, and my other colleagues in the Executive Committee, Dr.
Vijay Shah & Shri Keyur Shah. My thanks are also due to the
Director General, CSIR, the Industries Commissioner,
Government of Gujarat and Director General IEEMA, for their
valued support. I personally thank Shri Prabhakar R. Deshpande,
M.D., Crompton Greaves Limited, Mumbai, donor and Ex-
President ERDA and his family for donating Rs. 20 lakhs for
corpus. This amount will be utilized to promote Innovation,
Excellence and Research of the employees and their children by
instituting an annual award named as P. R. Deshpande Excellence
Award.
I take this opportunity to thank the former Director Dr. M.K. Shah
and the present Acting Director Shri H. K. Mishra and their very
able team of Managers, Officers and Staff for all the achievements.
My special appreciation also goes out to all ERDA employees for
achieving and exceeding the record revenue milestone of Rs. 100
Crores in the year 2016-17. I would also like to thank our valued
members and customers for putting their faith in ERDAs
capabilities and utilized ERDAs facilities for their business
requirements. I look forward to receiving continued patronage to
ERDA from all in the years to come.
Jai Hind.
2.0 FLASH NEWS
2.1 New Director for ERDA:
Mr. H. K. Mishra Elevated as
Acting Director, ERDA
Mr. H.K. Mishra, Deputy Director
and Head PETE Division has
been elevated as Acting Director ADWEA Officials in Discussion with our Acting Director,
ERDA, effective from April 22, Shri H. K. Mishra and other Executives
2017.
Mr. H.K. Mishra, born on
November 8, 1963 in Vadodara,
completed his Diploma in
Electrical Engineering from the H. K. Mishra
M. S. University of Baroda in 1983. He has subsequently
completed his B. E. in Electrical Engineering from the M. S.
University of Baroda in 1988. He followed this with a M. E. degree
in Electrical Engineering from the M. S. University of Baroda, in
2003.
Mr. H. K. Mishra has more than 28 years of experience in testing of
electrical power products, since 1988 at ERDA, Vadodara. His
major areas of interest in the field of Electrical Engineering are LT
Switchgear, Energy Meters, Transformers, Motors, Short Circuit ADWEA Officials in our EMI/EMC Laboratory
Testing and Condition Monitoring of Electrical Products. He has
been involved in setting up of various laboratories at ERDA,
including two Short Circuit laboratories. He is a NABL Lead
Assessor and ASTA observer.
ERDA congratulates Mr. H. K. Mishra on his appointment as Acting
Director, ERDA and wishes him all success in steering ERDA to
new levels of performance & competency in its three core
business verticals.
2.2 International Approval
Electrical Research and Development Association (ERDA), in line

ADWEA Officials in our Energy Meters Section

with its Vision Statement of becoming An Internationally

ADWEA Officials with our Acting Director,
Shri H. K. Mishra and other Executives
Renowned Laboratory, has now received its approval as
Independent Testing Laboratories Worldwide at ADWEA, Abu
Dhabi.
This is the first ever direct international approval received by ERDA
in the Global Market and it is the only Indian Laboratory in the list of
ADWEA, Abu Dhabi.
ERDA is now actively thriving for more international approvals and
recognitions to support Indian manufacturers to export their
products globally, to make the Government of India initiative of
Make in India a resounding success.
3.0. NEW LABORATORY AT ERDA: 600 kV, 1800 kVA High Voltage Resonant Test System
600 kV High Voltage Partial Discharge Laboratory 600 kV Coupling Capacitor
for HV Products upto 245 kV 600 kV Voltage Divider
3.1. Introduction: 600 kV Standard Capacitor
To keep up with the demands of industries, ERDA is establishing Cable Termination Kit
Partial Discharge Test Facility according to IEC 60270 and IEC Water Conditioning Unit
60060 at its Makarpura Campus. This facility will be suitable for
PD Detector
testing of 245 kV products as per the relevant standards. This test
facility is suitable to be upgraded to 900 kV, 2700 kVA Power Capacitance & Tan Delta Bridge
Frequency Test Voltage, to enable carrying out testing up to 400 kV 3.3. Test Capability Profile of the New Partial Discharge
class products. Laboratory:
The high voltage Partial Discharge Measurement on High Voltage The following tests will be possible in the new partial discharge
Products is one of the requirements of national and international test laboratory:
standards and a large number of electrical products are received
Partial discharge test
every year at ERDA for dielectric and short circuit tests. Partial
discharge (PD) test is required to be conducted as pre & post- Measurement of capacitance and tan delta
tests for short circuit and impulse tests. The upcoming Partial Dry/Wet power frequency voltage withstand test
Discharge test laboratory will fulfil the complete requirement of Visible corona test
pre & post-tests after Short Circuit and Impulse tests. The
laboratory is designed to obtain minimum back ground PD level Measurement of radio interference voltage
and is built with all required safe clearances as per requirement of Ferro resonance test on capacitive voltage transformers
national & international test standards by providing Effective Transient response analysis on instrument transformers
Shielding and Specialized Earthing system.
Thermal stability test on instrument transformers
ERDA already has High voltage test facilities like lightning impulse,
3.4. Products Evaluated for Partial Discharge:
switching impulse, power frequency along with short circuit
testing laboratory. The upcoming Partial Discharge Test The following products can be evaluated in the upcoming Partial
laboratory will complement these facilities and will enable Discharge Laboratory:
manufacturers and utilities to get complete certification testing
Sl. Types of Products Reference Standards
including Partial Discharge (PD) Testing done at ERDAs Head
Office in Vadodara. 1. Bushings (OIP, RIP, RBP, IS 2099: 1986
This PD test facility will cover the evaluation of 245 kV voltage Cast, Gas and Composite) IEC 60137-2017
class product like Instrument Transformers (CTs, IVTs, CVTs), 2. Current Transformers IS 2705: 1992
Transformers, HT Cables, Lightning Arresters, Bushings, Hybrid IS 16227
GISs etc. as per IEC and IS specifications. IEC 61869-1: 2007
3.2 PD Laboratory Equipment & Instrumentation: IEC 61869-2: 2012
The following state-of-the-art major equipment & instrumentation 3. Voltage Transformers IS 3156: 1992
are being installed in the new PD laboratory: (IVT/ CVT) IS 16227
IEC 61869-1: 2007,
IEC 61869-3: 2011,
IEC:61869-5: 2011
4. High Tension Cables IS 7098-3-1993,
IEC 60840: 2011,
IEC 62067 : 2011
5. Dry Type Transformers IS 11171-1985
IEC 60076-11: 2004
6. Hybrid GIS Products IEC 62271-203-2011
7. Insulators IS 731-1971, IS 2544-
1973, IEC 60168-2001,
IEC 60383-1993,
IEC 61109 -2008.
600 kV, Resonant Test System 600 kV, Standard Capacitor
 Sl. Types of Products Reference Standards
8. Isolators IS:9921-1985,
IEC 62271 102-2011
9. Circuit Breakers and Circuit IEC 62271-1 -2011 IEC
Breaker Assemblies 62271-100-2012,
IEC 62271-200,
10. Lightning Arrestors IS 3070-1993,
IEC 60099-2014
3.5 Present Laboratory Status: Windings Connections for
Stator Windings Performance Characteristics
The construction of laboratory is in an advanced stage of
of 5.5 kW IM of 5.5 kW IM
completion and will be in operation from January 2018. This test
facility will be very useful for manufacturers and utilities for Electrical redesign of induction motor windings was undertaken
evaluation and development of HV products, under one roof at for a manufacturer with the objective of conversion of two ratings
ERDA - Vadodara. of IE1 class Induction Motors (5.5 kW and 0.37 kW) to IE2 class
Induction Motors using the same lamination slot design and
4.0 R&D NEWS sheets.
4.1 Analytical Services: 4.2. Root Cause Analysis of Component Failures
4.1.1 Electric Field Mapping Study on Polymeric Insulators: RCA (Root Cause Analysis) was undertaken of steam cooled wall
Polymeric insulator design optimization study was undertaken for tubes and back pass water wall tubes of a CFBC boiler of a thermal
a client. Specifically, the work involved detailed electrostatic field power plant. The investigation was carried-out using a
mapping (electric field and voltage) on a polymeric insulator of combination of onsite inspection, review of history/plant records
400 kV 120 kN rating. ERDA performed this study using 3D as well as by a comprehensive laboratory investigation. Based on
Ansys Maxwell software. findings of analysis, the conclusions were drawn about cause of
failure. Recommendations were given for avoiding recurrence of
the failures.
For laboratory analysis, a standard methodology for failure
analysis was followed which included fractography, material
composition analysis, mechanical & physical property evaluation,
metallography and corrosion product analysis.
Based on findings of analysis, it was concluded that the steam
cooled tube failure has occurred by creep damage due to
exposure to high temperature. It was recommended to control the
temperature in the region of failure. Failure of back pass water
wall tube has occurred by thermal fatigue due to large fluctuations
3D FEM Analysis for 3D FEM Analysis for in the temperature of tubes. It was recommended to control the
400 kV-120kN Insulator. 400 kV-120kN Insulator. fluctuations in temperature. Photographs of the failed tubes are
Electric Field Distribution Electric Field Distribution
given below:
Plot at LV end Fittings Plot at HV
& Insulator end fittings & Insulator

4.1.2. Conversion of IE1 class IM to IE2 class IM:

Windings Connections for

Stator Windings of
0.37 kW IM Performance Characteristics
of 0.37 kW IM
4.3. Field Expert Services Regulating transformer Unit-1 with Filter on condition
4.3.1. Recurrent Surge Oscillograph (RSO) Test on Rotor: with grid & without grid (Islanding mode)
Regulating transformer Unit-2 with Filter on & off
Digital RSO test was conducted on rotor of a 32812.5 kVA - 1500
condition
RPM generator at a leading power plant in Rajasthan. The RSO test
was performed to detect the possible presence of inter-turn faults Regulating transformer Unit-3 with Filter on condition
in the rotor and for carrying out earth fault check. A typical Regulating transformer Unit-4 with Filter on condition
waveform, recorded during this test is shown below. Based on Regulating transformer Unit-5 with Filter on & off
the test, suitable recommendations were made to the client. condition
28kV capacitor bank unit 1 to 5
Measurements were carried out at 17 different locations.
4.3.3. CFD Analysis of Cooling Tower:
Solid model of 210 MW cooling tower of 113.5 m height having
103.6 m base diameter and 49.13 m exit diameter was imported
into ANSYS FLUENT CFD package and meshed for discretization
of the model. Subsequently, two phase fluid flow simulation was
carried out to predict the heat and mass transfer inside the natural
draft wet cooling tower. The model incorporated evaporation at
fills, standard rain zone formulation & k- turbulence model. The
results obtained for efficiency, approach and range of the cooling
tower were compared with the reference design values for
validation of the CFD simulation. This capability for virtual
evaluation of cooling tower performance will be immensely useful
Recorded RSO Waveform
to all users of cooling towers in power & process plants as well as
4.3.2 Voltage and Current Harmonic Measurements: in manufacturing industries.
An assignment of measurement and analysis of voltage and
current harmonics was undertaken for an aluminium industry in
Madhya Pradesh. The measurements were performed at 220kV
incomer and 28kV capacitor filter bank. Measurements were done
with and without capacitor filter in service. Measurement was
taken for more than one hour with a data capture interval of 3
seconds. The measurements were made at the following
locations:
220kV incomer 1&2
Auxiliary transformer 1 & 2 at 220kV level
Velocity Contour Plot Inside the Cooling Tower
4.4. Publications
4.4.1 Papers Published/ Presented in National / International Journal / Conferences:
Sl. Title Authors Name of the Journal / Conference
1 Estimation of Operational State of Gas Arunesh Dwivedi & AARO Journal, Vol. 30, No. 2, July 2017
Turbine using Energy & Mass Dr. G.S. Grewal
Conservation Formulations
2 Role of Standards in Energy Gautam Brahmbhatt National Conference on Synergy with
Efficient Lighting Energy, July 14-15, 2017 at AMA,
Ahmedabad
3 Role of Standards in Smart Lighting Gautam Brahmbhatt Conference on Smart Lighting for Smart
Cities, 4th August 2017
Organised by ELCOMA at New Delhi
4 FEM Based Remaining Operational Life Pervinder Jakhanavat, International Conference on Asset
Prediction of Turbine Components: Dr. G.S Grewal, & Integrity Management,
A Rigorous RLA Tool for Condition S. Kulkarni (WTPS,GSECL) New Delhi 18-19 August 2017,
Assessment Organized by MATCORR, New Delhi
 Sl. Title
5 Stator Core Health Assessment
of Generators: Case Studies
6 Benefits of Accredited Solar Testing
7 Performance Enhancement of Doubly Fed
Induction Generator- based Wind Farm for
Grid Voltage Dips and Harmonics Mitigation
8 Large Scale Integration of Renewable
Sources with STATCOM for Reactive Power
Compensation and Power Quality
Improvement
9 Safety and Performance Aspects of
LED Lighting
10 High Efficiency BLDC Motor for Solar
Pumping Applications
4.4.2 Invited Talks:
Sl. Title
1 Condition Monitoring, Harmonics and
Power Quality
Mr. Gautam Brahmbhatt being Felicitated for his Expert Talk by
Shri Shyam Sujan, Secretary General during Conference on
Smart Lighting for Smart Cities,
August 4, 2017, organised by ELCOMA at New Delhi
Authors
Ravi Prakash Singh
Gautam Brahmbhatt
Snehal Joshi and Shefali Talati
Snehal Joshi and Shefali Talati
Gautam Brahmbhatt
Palak Patel and Satish Chetwani
Authors
Umesh Soni, Shefali Talati
and Arunesh Dwivedi
Mr. Gautam Brahmbhatt delivering his Lecture titled
Towards Digital & Energy Efficient Indian Railways
on September 8, 2017, at ICCRailway Summit
Name of the Journal / Conference
3rd Conference on Operation & Maintenance
and Renovation, Modernization, Uprating
and Life Extension of Hydro Power Plants on
August 22-23, 2017, New Delhi,
Organised by CBIP, New Delhi
Seminar on Accreditation : Tool for Global
Acceptance of Solar and Allied Products on
August 25, 2017 at India Habitat Centre,
New Delhi, Organized by NABL
1st International Conference on Large Scale
Grid Integration of Renewable Energy
Sources in India, Organized by GIZ, USAID
and Energynautics and endorsed by MNRE
and MOP, at New Delhi,
September 6-8, 2017
1st International Conference on Large Scale
Grid Integration of Renewable Energy
Sources in India, Organized by GIZ, USAID
and Energynautics and Endorsed by MNRE
and MOP, at New Delhi,
September 6-8, 2017
ICC- Railway Summit Towards Digital &
Energy Efficient Indian Railways on
September 8, 2017, Organised by Indian
Chamber of Commerce and Indian Railways
9th International Conference on Electrical
Rotating Machines and Drives, ELROMA
2017, organised by IEEMA at Mumbai,
September 14-15, 2017. Pp V-22 to V-29
Name of the Industry / Institute
BPCL, Mahul on July 19, 2017

Mr. R.P. Singh (extreme right) on dais during his
Lecture on Third Conference on Operation & Maintenance
and Renovation, Modernization, Uprating and Life Extension of
Hydro Power Plants on August 22-23, 2017
5.0 WORKSHOPS / TRAINING PROGRAMS /
EXHIBITIONS
5.1 Workshops / Training Programs:
5.1.1 Workshop on Evaluation of Transformer Oil A Major
Condition Assessment Tool organized at ERDA (North)
Gurgaon
A workshop on Evaluation of Transformer Oil was organised at
ERDA (North), Gurgaon on September 8, 2017. The main
objective of this workshop was to spread awareness about the
importance of testing of transformer oil amongst users from
TRANSCOs, and Power and Process Plants across North India.
Technical presentations on Transformer Oil in Service & Furan
Analysis were made by Dr. M. J. Patel and presentation on
Glimpses of the Workshop at ERDA (North), Gurgaon
Dissolved Gas Analysis was made by Mr. Pankaj Chawla. The
presentations were followed by a interactive session on field
failures and diagnostics/root cause analysis. This was followed
by visit to the state-of-the-art Transformer oil testing laboratory of
ERDA (North). Tests for In-service Oil as per IS: 1866, DGA as per
IS: 10593 & Furan as per IEC: 61198 were demonstrated to the
participants. A total of 31 senior officials from DTL, UHBVN,
HPSEB, NPCIL, PGCIL, NHPC, CBIP, IOCL, Tata Power and other
organizations participated in this workshop.
5.1.2 Training Course on Evaluation of LED Lighting
Products"
ERDA organized a training Course on Evaluation of LED Lighting
Products for LACMA (Lighting, Accessories, and Components
Manufacturers Association) members on September 19, 2017 in
its Nanubhai Amin Memorial Auditorium at its Head Office,
Vadodara.
A total of seventy LACMA members participated in this training
course. The Chief Guest of the function was Shri Mukesh Gandhi,
President LACMA, and and Guest of Honour was Shri Deepak
Doshi, Vice President LACMA. In the inaugural session, Shri H.
K. Mishra, Acting Director ERDA delivered his welcome address
followed by a speech by the Chief Guest Shri Mukesh Gandhi,
President LACMA.
A View of Participants of Training Course
Distinguished Dignitaries on Dais for the Inaugural Function
Chief Guest, Shri M. Gandhi, President LACMA (Centre),
Guest of Honour, Shri D. Doshi, Vice President LACMA (Right)
and Shri H.K. Mishra, Acting Director, ERDA (Left)
The technical session of the training course comprised of lectures
on various topics related to LED Lighting. Mr. Gautam Brahmbhatt,
Group Head HCC, delivered a talk on Importance of Testing &
Conformance in LED Manufacturing, followed by lectures on
Evaluation of Solar LED Lighting by Mr. Nitin Patel, Head of
Photometry Laboratory, BIS CRS Testing in LED Lighting by Mr.
Chirag Amin and Importance of EMI / EMC Testing in Lighting by
Mr. Gunjesh Gunjan.
This was followed by visits to the Photometry laboratory which
houses the Type C Goniophotometer, 10M Semi Anechoic
Chamber in EMI/EMC Laboratory & Ingress Protection Facility to
apprise the participants about testing methods and the modern
facilities available at ERDA for LED and luminaires evaluation and
certification.
The response of the participants was overwhelming. The
participants were especially impressed by the state-of-the-art
facilities available at ERDA for certification testing of LED lighting.
This training course has created awareness among the
participants with respect to development & certification of LED
products.
5.1.3 Regular Workshops Conducted at Head Office, ERDA Officials Interacting with Visitors
Vadodara: during the Exhibition at Noida

The following regular workshops were conducted during July 1 -
September 30, 2017.
Testing & Evaluation of Transformer Raw Materials on July
21-22, 2017
Condition Monitoring and Health Assessment of Power
Transformers on August 10-11, 2017
Design Aspects and Performance Evaluation of Motors
and Pumps was conducted on August 21-22, 2017
Quality Assurance of Wiring Accessories Switches,
Plugs and Sockets on September 14-15, 2017
Transformer Testing Techniques on September 21-22,
2017
A total of 65 engineers and scientists from utilities and industries
participated in these workshops
organised by UBM India Pvt. Ltd. The participation was to promote
ERDAs Testing Facilities related to renewable energy amongst
customers from EPC Companies, manufacturers, importers &
consultants across North India. During the three days of the
exhibition, ERDA received business enquiries from government &
private customers including EPC contractors. More than 250+
footfalls were recorded during the event. The main enquiries
received related to testing of PV modules & solar products such as
pumps & LEDs as well as for various areas of Expert
Services/Consultancy. Anti-dust coating technology developed
by ERDA for PV panels was showcased during the event.
6.0 MEETINGS ORGANIZED AT ERDA
nd
6.1 2 Steering Committee Meeting for IE5 Motor
nd
The 2 Steering Committee Meeting for IE5 Motor project was
held at ERDA on July 24, 2017. The Chairman Mr. Y. S. Mayya,
BARC, Mr. S. Bhattacharya, BARC, Mr. Sudhakaran C. K. Nair,
EEPC India along with Shri H. K. Mishra, Acting Director-ERDA and
his team attended the meeting.

Participants of Workshop on Quality Assurance of

Wiring Accessories Switches, Plugs & Sockets
5.2 Exhibitions
5.2.1 Renewable Energy India at Greater Noida:
ERDA participated in the Renewable Energy India exhibition at A View of 2nd Steering Committee Meeting
Greater Noida on September 20-22, 2017. This exhibition was for IE5 Motor Project in Progress

7.0 KEY VISITORS TO ERDA
Commander Amit Rastogi, Additional Director General,
and Caption Y.N. Sharma, Joint Director, Quality Assurance
(Naval) visited ERDA on July 6, 2017 for seeing our test
facilities and holding discussions pertaining to testing
needs of the Indian Navy.
Dr. M.K. Shah, then Director ERDA Welcomes Commander
Amit Rastogi, Additional Director General,
Quality Assurance (Naval) with a Bouquet of Flowers
Mr. Parag Jambhulkar, Chief Engineer, Material
Management Cell, Maharashtra State Electricity
Distribution Co. Ltd. (MSEDCL), visited ERDA on July 28,
2017. He showed keen interest in ERDAs test and
evaluation facilities including the Energy Meters
Laboratory.
A team of officers from ABB, Bangalore & Vadodara visited
ERDA on August 2, 2017 for exploring areas of
collaborative research. The team was led by Dr. Vijay Shah,
Vice President, ABB - Maneja and ERDA Management
Committee member.
ERDA, in its endeavour to serve international customers,
has received testing from a manufacturer based at Oman.
The tests were witnessed by officials from Distribution
Code Review Panel (DCRP), Oman on September 5, 2017.
The DCRP officials also audited ERDAs testing &
calibration facilities for the purpose of approving ERDA as
a global test laboratory for certification of electrical
products being procured by Oman. This approval will be
helpful to all the manufacturers based in India who would
DCRP Officials with Staff Members of ERDAs
120 kA Short Circuit Laboratory at Savli
Pg 12
like to export their products to Oman as well as to
manufacturers in Oman by enabling them to utilize ERDA
test facilities in future.
A team of officers from Siemens, India & Germany visited
ERDA for exploring areas of collaborative research on
September 12, 2017.
Visitors at EMI/EMC Laboratory
8.0 LETTERS OF APPRECIATIONS
8.1 Mr. S.A. Govinda Raju, Senapathy Whiteley,
Ramanagaram for testing of Laminated Press Boards
...Thank you for your good hospitality and care taken during my
visit to ERDA for witnessing the tests. Also, I will appreciate you
and your testing team for their hard work to complete the tests with
in stipulated time. The work environment is good and towards the
customer satisfaction. So, I enjoyed the days in ERDA...
8.2 Mr. Bhanu Pratap Singh, Manager, R&D Department,
Gautam Solar Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi for Solar Street Light
System Testing
...We all are thankful to you and your testing engineers for kind
support during testing of solar LED street light system as per
MNRE requirement. Our special thanks to the team to understand
our urgency of tender in very short notice and execute our testing
on priority, guide technically and complete the testing as per
commitment. Also we got the test report on time. We are
expecting the same support in future also ...
9.0 ERDA CELEBRATIONS
9.1 Independence Day:
ERDA celebrated Independence Day on August 15, 2017. Acting
Director ERDA, Mr. H.K. Mishra hosted the National Flag in
Glimpse of Independence Day Celebrations
 Pg 13

presence of ERDA staff and tributes were paid to Mother India by

singing of our National Anthem. Deterioration Assessments

9.2 Ganpati Mahotsav at ERDA:

Importance Weighting assignment to each Factor
ERDA celebrated Ganpati Mahotsav with great devotion from
August 25 to September 5, 2017. Employees conducted morning
Arti and Prasad was distributed for 10 days for obtaining blessing Formation of General Deterioration Index
of Lord Ganesha. (Summing of multiples of above steps)

Normalized deterioration index

(100 marks)

Condition of Transformer
(Perfect Health to very poor health)

Fig.1 Flow Chart for the Health Index Algorithm

Glimpse of Ganpati Mahotsav Celebrations
9.3 Satyanarayana Puja at ERDA:
Every year ERDA organizes Shri Satyanarayana Pooja at Nanubhai
Amin Memorial Hall. This year this Pooja was conducted on
September 1, 2017 from 7:30 am onwards. ERDA employees
attended the Pooja to take blessings of the Gods.
9.4 Dussehra:
ERDA celebrated Dussehra on September 29, 2017. Dussehra
Pooja was organized in all Sections of ERDA. Mr. H. K. Mishra,
Acting Director ERDA and Senior Officers visited the Sections and
greeted ERDA Staff Members.
10.0 TECHNICAL ARTICLE
Health Index of Power Transformer: A Powerful Condition
Assessment Tool
Deterioration assessment is made for each diagnostic test based
on standard recommendations. Higher weighing factor value is
assigned to the diagnostic parameter which is more critical for the
transformer insulation. The general deterioration index is
computed and then normalized to 100. The above procedure is
implemented in a software to calculate the Health Index.
The diagnostic test results are entered into the HI Tool and the
algorithm determines the Health Index of the transformer as
shown in flow diagram in Fig. 2.
MS Excel
Diagnostic VB Tool Health Index
Test Data (Health Index of Transformer
Algorithm)
Fig. 2 Flowchart of Health Index Tool

Prakash Mahendran and Satish Chetwani 10.2.1 Dissolved Gas Analysis

10.1 Introduction
Evaluation of Health Index of the power transformer has become
the practical tool of choice for combining the results of various
diagnostic tests into a single predictive measure.
The life of a transformer mainly depends on its solid insulation.
Thermal modeling and degree of polymerization are widely used to
evaluate the life of solid insulation of transformers. Statistical
modeling of the transformer ageing process is gaining momentum
for computing the remaining life of the transformer. The power of
The Health Index Factor (HIF) for DGA is computed based on Fig. 3
and Table 1 which is based on IEC 60599. Furan analysis is
considered when the CO and CO2 contents are more than the
specified limit or age of the transformer is more than 25 years. The
algorithm considers the limits provided in the table as well as the
past gas limits. More than 10% rise from the historical data will
lower the HIF of DGA.
300
Gas Limit in ppm

the software computations can be utilized to rapidly evaluate the 200

health index using historical and present operational data and
results of diagnostic tests. This paper presents an algorithm to 100
compute health index of a transformer using a software developed
by ERDA. 0
10.2 Methodology H2 CH4 C2H6 C2H4 C2H2

The methodology to compute the health index of transformer is Distribution Transformer Furnace Transformer
shown in form of flowchart in Fig. 1. Power Transformer
 Pg 14

7000 bushing are considered. The HIF computations for these

CO parameters are shown in Table 3. PFmax represents the highest
6000
value of power factor obtained during the measurement of tan
Gas Limit in ppm

5000 delta between high voltage winding to ground, high to low voltage
4000 winding, low voltage winding to ground, high to tertiary winding,
3000 low to tertiary voltage winding, and the tertiary voltage winding to
2000 ground insulation.
1000 10.2.4 HI Formulation
0 To assess the overall condition of a power transformer, it is
Distribution Furnace Power
Transformer Transformer Transformer
necessary to include as much data as available. For calculation of
condition-based HI, assessment of importance of each parameter
Fig. 3 IEC Gas Limits for Transformers is required. The score of each parameter should be weighed
carefully for final HI. The total Health index of transformer is given
10.2.2 Oil Quality by the formula.
The oil quality is scored by means of oil quality factor (OQF). The 21j=1KjHIFj 24j=1KjHIFj
HI=60% X 21 +40% X 24
oil quality factor is calculated by the formula given below: j=14Kj j=14Kj
6
j=1SW
i i
The HIF computed for each parameter is multiplied with the
OQF= 6 weighing factor Kj and normalized to score of 100. 40% weighing
j=1Wi
factor is not considered if tap changer is not present in the
Table 2 shows the scoring index calculation and corresponding transfor mer. Subsequently, for interpretation and
weighing factors. The Si limits varies depending on the system recommendations, Table 4 is used.
voltage. The values of score Si and weight Wi in the above formula
are taken from the IEEE C57.106-2006 standard. To develop the 10.3 Case Study : 66 kV/11 kV, 2 MVA, 3 Power Transformer
generalized algorithm, Si values are assigned as low for better Manufactured in 1997
performance and hence lower the value of Oil quality factor (OQF), Summary of the HI computation is presented in Table 4. The total
higher the HIF value. HIF is assigned as 4 for OQF <1.2; 3 for Health Index calculated for this transformer was 73.59% as the
1.2<OQF<1.5; 2 for 1.5<OQF<2; 1 for 2<OQF<3 and 0 for Tan delta values between HV and LV was found to be on the higher
OQF>3. side and there was moisture in the solid insulation between HV to
10.2.3 Electrical Parameters of Transformer Insulation Ground. Still the transformer performed well in routine tests.
However, based on HI calculations, remedial work is required to
The diagnostic tests such as capacitance and tan delta, voltage decrease moisture content in the paper so as to increase the HI.
ratio test, winding resistance measurement and tan delta of The expected life of this transformer is worked out as 10-15 years.

Table 1 IEC Ratio Method and HIF

Case Characteristic Fault C2H2 CH4 C2H4 Rating Code
C2H4 H2 C2H6 [HIF]
Normal 1 NS <0.1 <0.2 4
Normal but high TCG 2 >1 0.1 - 0.5 >1 3
D1, T1 3 0.6-2.5 0.1 - 1 >2 2
PD, T2 4 <0.1 >1 1-4 1
D2,T3 5 <0.2 >1 >4 0
PD - Partial discharges, D1 - Discharges of low energy, D2 - Discharges of high energy, T1 - Thermal fault, t < 300 C, T2 -
Thermal fault, 300 C < t < 700 C, T3 - Thermal fault, t > 700 C, NS-Not Significant
Table 2 Computation of Oil Quality Factor
Oil Quality Factor U 69 kV 69 kV < U 230 kV U Score (Si) Weight (Wi)
< 230 kV
Dielectric Strength >45 >52 > 60 1 3
(IEC 60156) 35 - 45 47 50 60 2
30 35 35-47 40 - 50 3
<30 <35 <40 4
 Pg 15

Oil Quality Factor U 69 kV 69 kV < U 230 kV U Score (Si) Weight (Wi)

< 230 kV
IFT dyne/cm >25 >30 >32 1 2
(IS 6104) 20 - 25 23- 30 25 32 2
15 20 18 23 20 25 3
<15 <18 <20 4
Acid Number <0.05 <0.04 <0.03 1 1
(IS 1448 P-2) 0.05 - 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.07 2
0.1 0.2 0.1 0.15 0.07 - 0.1 3
>0.2 >0.15 >0.1 4
Water content(ppm) <30 <20 <15 1 4
(IEC 60814) 30 - 35 20 25 15 20 2
35 40 25 30 20 25 3
>40 >30 >25 4
Color <1.5 1 2
(IS 335) 1.5 2.0 2
2.0 2.5 3
>2.5 4
Dissipation Factor <0.1 1 3
(IEC 60247) 0.1 0.5 2
0.5 1.0 3
>1.0 4
Table 3: Criteria of HI Formulation
Health Index Condition Probability of failure Requirement Expected life
85 - 100 Very Good Low Normal maintenance More than 15 years
70 - 85 Good Low but slightly increasing Normal maintenance Increase More than 10 years
50 - 70 Fair Rapidly increasing but still lower diagnostic testing and possible Up to 10 years
than possibility at mean age remedial work or replacement
depending on criticality
30 50 Poor Higher than possibility at mean age Start planning process to replace Less than 3 years
0 - 30 Very Poor Very high double the possibility Immediately assess risk and At end-of-life
at mean age replace
Table 4: Summary of HI Index Computations
Diagnostic Observation Weight (K) Health Index
Method Factor (HIF)
DGA The gas content are found within limits and no faults were detected 10 4
Oil Quality All the oil test results were found to be satisfactory and the total OQF = 1 10 4
Power Factor The maximum power factor measured was found to be 2.1% between HV-LV 10 0
Hot Spot & The percentage moisture content of insulation paper between HV Winding to 10 1
Moisture of ground is 4.2% calculated using dielectric frequency response
Insulation (wet). The temperature rise was also within limits. The HIF is given a value of 1
Furan or Age The age of the transformer is 17 years 5 4
Turns ratio All the routine test results are found satisfactory and within limits with a 5 4
HIF of 4 for all tests
Leakage reactance 8 4
Winding resistance 6 4
Insulation Resistance 2 4
Bushing Condition The maximum power factor measured was found to be 0.508% and the 5 3
HIF is given a value of 3
10.4 Conclusions
The HI presented in this paper is helpful in representing the overall
health of a transformer. HI quantifies equipment condition based
on numerous condition criteria that are related to long-term
degradation factors that cumulatively lead to a power
transformers end-of-life. HI can effectively be employed to
provide justification for a capital plan of either maintenance or
replacement of a transformer. HI will be a powerful tool for utilities
with large transformer populations where HI can be calculated by
using actual inline data of a large enough population. Failure rates
over a period of time can be used as feedback for revisiting and
fine-tuning the initial formulation based on actual field criteria.
11.0 INSPIRING LEADER
Charles Francis Brush, pioneer in
the commercial development of
electricity, was born on 17 March
1849 in Ohio, USA. After completing
studies from Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, he got in touch
with George Stockly, who was vice
president and general manager of the
Telegraph Supply Company of
Cleveland. Brush related some of his
Charles F. Brush early experimentation with electricity
to Stockly and discussed his vision for the development of arc
lighting. The lighting system would need an efficient means of
generating electricity. Brush proposed to do by using a dynamo.
Stockly was very impressed with Brush and his ideas and agreed
to financially support his effort to construct a small dynamo.
Brush assembled his first dynamo in the summer of 1876. The
following year he introduced the compound field winding for
obtaining constant voltage. He used a horse-drawn treadmill to
power the dynamo and was able to generate electricity with his
new machine. These early efforts resulted in U.S. Patent No. 189
997, "Improvement in Magneto-Electric Machines", issued on
April 24, 1877.
The dynamo provided an economic and efficient source of
electricity for the arc light and this was a key factor in developing a
commercially viable system of lighting. With a functional dynamo
in hand, Brush turned next to developing an arc lamp while
simultaneously continuing with development of the dynamo. He
installed his first commercial arc lamp in 1878, and before the end
of 1881, Brush arc light systems were illuminating the streets of
New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Montreal, Buffalo, San
Francisco, and other cities.
In order to keep pace with the rapidly increasing demand for Brush
lighting systems, the Telegraph Supply Company of Cleveland
underwent significant restructuring, giving birth to the Brush
Electric Company in the summer of 1881. In 1891, the company
merged with the Edison General Electric Company, to form the
General Electric Company still known by the same name today.
In 1913 he was awarded the AIEE Edison Medal "For meritorious
achievements in invention and development of the series arc
lighting system".