From UP 1908 Files:

1. Manila Carnival Preparations

a) Difficulties uncertainties in 1908 because the carnival ideas was a new
one in Manila. Many politicians were involved in this. Main concern was
finances. Assembly already allotted money. Filipino people would fail to
grasp its full import and fail to enter int its diff details as enthusiastically
as americans with whom the carnival is an old story
b) Postponement haphazarad way of funding the project page 12
c) COST + request for budget =page 47. (Letter)
2. Carnival Queens
a) The Philippine Carnival Association has announced that two queens will
be proclaimed for the six-day celebration scheduled fro Feb 27 to March 3
b) Marjorie Colton will assume the role of Queen of the Occident while Srta
Purita Villanueva will be the Queen of th Orient. . etc.
c) Srta Villanuava, as reported in todays Manila Times is an extremely
beautiful young lady. She canspeak English and Spanish very well aside
from her knowledge of her native visayan..
d) Her connection by relationship with some of the most prominent
families in the islands (Manila time) Her own rare gifts and talents and
her charming oriental veauty, will make her a sovereign both beloved and
respected
3. For Globalization
a) Invitations to other nations (prominent figures)
a. Page 7
b) Econ and Trade (businesses)
a. San Miguel Beer advertised as best thing at the carnival and most
popular; it was distributed allover the Philippines p54
b. Department Stores: buying and selling of tickets; La Puerta del Sol
Buy your carnival goods and everything else from us and save
money p54
c) Floats
a. Promoted different businesses and advertisements.
b. Float of nations: Identified Philippine Islands as one of the nations
of the world.
d) Financial Success
a. Involvement of politicians: the worthy gentlemen responsible for
the success of the carnival have received so many splendid
compliments concerning the features which have been presented
thus far they very naturally, one and all, feel very mch elated over
the success of their big show
4. Identity
a) Involvement of politicians refer to page 12.
b) Page 53: Altough yesterdays floating procession earned enthusiastic
praise for its magnificence, todays celebrant claim that the grand carnival
parade is thebest ever. In fact it easily surpasses all previous July-fourth
and Rizal-day parades held in the islands not only in beauty and number
of spectators present but I the orderly manner with which it has been
conducted
 c) Festive occasion attracted Filipinos to join
a. Excitement for the 1909 Philippine Carnival: Poster for 1909 PH
arnival is reported by Manila Times as creating creating quite a
sensation Dec 9
b. P.320; extravagance; 2,000 dollars expense.
c. Show: This show will consist in part, of a display of the wild tribes
from the southern islands, which are at present being trained
forthis particular feature
d. They have developed a very satisfactory degree of enthusiasm
among proovicial people
d) Investment in Music and Arts
a. Band Contest page 54.
b. Floats
c. Parades page 331.

From the Confetti Era

The Manila Carnival was part and parcel of the metropolitan life of the early
1900s. It was an attempt to bridge the gap created by wartime animosity among
Spanish, American and Filipino residents. The carnival helped to start the year
right and break the monotony of an otherwise dull existence Held in February, it
meant big parades, national beauties, nightly balls, expositions, gala nights, so-
called carnival coughs, dazzling auditoriums, beautiful gowns and rented
tuxedos. The carnival was the local aprocimation of permanent American
amusement centers, like Coney Island, and the fairs of Spains Sevilla Valencia

From LEECK:
Massive propaganda effort to promote what its sponsors felt was western
civilizations most important dynamism the spirit of activist, innovational
economic enterprise.

The publicity which attended the first few arnivals emphasized this historic
mession

The associations promotional materials characterizesd its sponsors as men

believing in Oriental development and not afraid to take a chance

It propagated to teach a lesson of the necessity of unitedly and industriously

exploting a countrys economic resources.

The carnival attracted not only large number of visitors from provinces but from
neighboring countries as well. Its organizers made it plain that whatever other
purposes it might serve, the carnivals principal objective was to promote
economic development: Its publicity booklet unblushingly declared that the
Carnivals peculiar value was to serve as an agency whereby the development of
the Orient may be accomplished
The Manila Carnival is more than a Fun and Folly Fiesta: it has its serious side.
The promotion of health, education, commerce, industry, agriculture and
comnity spirit are paramount interest of this annual event.

It claims that its most important feature of the Carnival is the Commercial
Industrial Fair in which will be displayed, demonstarated and sold the products
of industry and the commodities of commerce. Manufacturers, agriculturists,
merchants and others concerned with production and trade have, during carnial
period, their best opportunity each year of bringing offering to the attention of
thousand of carnival visitors.
The commercial handbook and the official program of the carnival association
and the cordial cooperation of American consular officers, commercial attaches
and trade commissioners have helped greatly in acquainting the people of the
orient with the attraction of the carnical and the offerings of the commercial-
industrail fair.
Over the years, it became the Filipinos new fiesta with festivities such as
crowning beauty queens, dances and amusements. It promoted local industry an.

The Provincial Exposition exhibits of the participating provinces include samples

of the best products derived from sugar cane, coconuts, hemp, tobacco,
rubber,corn, coffee, citus, lumbang, tubers and preserves thereof, along with the
best that cold be produced along the lines of leather products, shells and pearls,
mineral waters, cloth,, Moro curious, brass-works, jewelry, furniture, hats,
agricultural implements. Following the practice in the past years, the Provincial
exposition of 1931 shall emphasize two principal features: The marketing of
articles heretofore known only in the localities wherein they are produced.
Second key feature is to educate the investor, the capitalist , the enterpriser in
the open field of industrial expansion by showing those interested where the
vast mineral, forest and agricultural areas are located awaiting exploitation and
development, and where different raw materials may be obtained for potential
manufacturing industries.
Manila Carnival Commercial and Industrial Fair : a recreation center, February
12 to 27, 1927. n.p.: [Manila, P.I. : Philippine Carnival Association, 1927], 1927.
Harvard Library Bibliographic Dataset, EBSCOhost (accessed April 21, 2017).

Second Philippine carnival, Manila, Feb. 2nd to 9th, 1909. n.p.: [Manila : Philippine
Carnival Association , 1909, 1909.

The official souvenir program of the Philippines Carnival at Manila, Philippine

Islands, Thursday, February 27, to Tuesday, March 3, 1908. n.p.: Manila : Bureau of
Printing , 1908, 1908.

Victory carnival and exposition. n.p.: Manila : Bureau of Printing, 1920., 1920.

Forbes, W. Cameron (William Cameron). The Philippine Islands. n.p.: Cambridge,

Mass., Harvard University Press, 1945., 1945.

Philippine Commission, Department of War. "Annual report of Secretary of War, 1908, vol. 8: Report of
Philippine Commission, pt. 2
Philippine Commission, Department of War. "Annual report of Secretary of War, 1908, vol. 8: Report of
Philippine Commission, pt. 2

Philippine Commission, Department of War. "Annual report of Secretary of War,

1908, vol. 8: Report of Philippine Commission, pt. 2 (1908): 86p.