10/17/2017 Step by Step Deflection Analysis Using CSI SAFE | KickMyBrain

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Step by Step De ection Analysis Using CSI SAFE

Updated on 08/12/2016: Illustration of the 2nd method of computing Long Term Deflection

In case you missed the Step by Step series, Check it up below. Its a MUST !

1. [Part 1] Step by Step Analysis Procedure of Seismic Loads Based on IBC2012/ASCE7-10 (http://kickmybrain.com/step-
by-step-analysis-procedure-of-seismic-loads-based-on-ibc2012asce7-10/)
2. [Part 2] Step by Step Analysis Procedure of Seismic Loads Based on IBC2012/ASCE7-10
(http://kickmybrain.com/part-2-step-by-step-analysis-procedure-of-seismic-loads-based-on-ibc2012asce7-10/)
3. Step by Step Deflection Analysis Using CSI SAFE (http://kickmybrain.com/step-by-step-deflection-analysis-using-
csi-safe/)

With reference to ACI 435R, 4.4:

Because of the complexities involved in calculating two-way slab deflections, engineers have preferred to control
deflections by giving minimum slab thickness as a function of span length. Equations such as those in section 9.5 of
ACI318, as shown in Table 4.2, are based on experience gained over many years. The ACI 318 equations express
minimum thickness in terms of clear span between columns, steel yield strength, and flexural stiffness of edge beams.
The minimum thickness values are modified for the effects of drop panels and discontinuous edges. ACI 318 permits to
use of thinner slabs if deflections are computed and found to satisfy the specified maximum permissible values.

In this post, Ill try to explain step by step how two way slabs deflections shall be computed using SAFE software:

1. Immediate Deflections No Shrinkage & No Creep

2. Long Term Deflections Sustained Load with Shrinkage &Creep

1-Immediate Deflections No Shrinkage & No Creep

Here we have a simple slab of:
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10.0m span in each direction

40 cm solid slab thickness
25 Mpa concrete compressive strength
0.5 ton/m2 uniform loading under Super Imposed Dead load & 1 ton/m2 uniform loading of Live load
Supported on 4 edges by 80x80cm square columns.
This example is meant only to clarify how to compute the deflection using SAFE. However, there is more economical
solutions for such spans as post tension, hollow core slabs, etc.

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Under Define Load cases, we will define one load case called IMMEDIATE ALL LOADS, where we will include of load
patterns ( Dead , Live & Super Imposed Dead loads) in one load case under Nonlinear (Cracked) analysis type.

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And in term of comparison, we will define a load combination that include all load patterns (Dead+Live+Super Imposed
Dead load).
It will be linear (Non-Cracked) Elastic load combination.

Now well define the cracking analysis options under the Run menu, here we have 3 options to choose from:

User Specified Rebar

From Finite Element Based Design
Quick Tension Rebar Specification
In this example, we will choose From Finite Element Based Design.

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After running the analysis, here below are the results that we get under:

IMMEDIATE ALL LOADS case = Maximum Deflection is equal to 5.6cm

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Elastic Load Combination = Maximum Deflection is equal to 2.8cm

Here we can notice that the deflection under Non-Linear Crack analysis is around 2 times the deflection under Elastic
Linear load combination.

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2. Long Term Deflections Sustained Load with Shrinkage &Creep

Now, we will elaborate the deflection for Long Term cracked Deflection Sustained Load with Shrinkage &Creep.

Long-term cracked deflection, in which analysis is divided into the following two categories:

Non-sustained portion, in which cracked-section analysis considers only the non-sustained portion of LIVE load,
solving for incremental deflection.
Sustained portion, in which long-term cracked analysis considers the sustained loading from DEAD, SDEAD, and a
portion of the LIVE load. Creep and shrinkage are included only in this sustained portion of analysis because these
effects are only applicable under sustained loading.
Here I draw your attention that:

Short-term concrete modulus = Elastic concrete modulus Ec(to)

Long-term concrete modulus = Age-adjusted concrete modulus Ec(t,to), given as:

For example, assume that 25% of the LIVE load is sustained. Analysis proceeds as follows:

Case 1: Cracked analysis for short-term load with short-term concrete modulus is given as DEAD + SDEAD + sLIVE,

in which s = 1.0

Case 2: Cracked analysis for permanent load with short-term concrete modulus is given as DEAD + SDEAD + LLIVE,
in which L = 0.25 (L = 0 if 100% of the LIVE load is non-sustained)

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Case 3: Long-term cracked analysis (with creep and shrinkage) for permanent load with long-term concrete modulus is
given as DEAD + SDEAD + LLIVE, in which L = 0.25

The value of total long-term deflection is then the combination of Case 3 + (Case 1- Case 2).
The difference between Case 1 and Case 2 represents the incremental deflection (without creep and shrinkage) due to non-
sustained loading on a cracked structure.

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And here below how becomes our load combination under which will be conducted the long term cracked deflection
result.

And the maximum deflection will be around 7.8cm

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So now as a summary, here below are the maximum deflection results that we got for the time being:

Elastic (Linear) = 2.8cm

Immediate Deflections No Shrinkage & No Creep = 5.6cm (50% increment from Elastic)
Long Term Deflections Sustained Load with Shrinkage &Creep = 7.8cm (40% increment from
Immediate Deflections)

The procedure indicated above (Long Term Deflections) results on total long term deflection over time. Most engineers
simply check this values against ACI 318 Table 9.5(b), since this will always result in safe and conservative design. In
order to remove portion of dead load deflection occurring before attachment of nonstructural elements, the following
procedure can also be used:

Case 4= Cracked analysis for permanent load with short-term concrete modulus is given as DEAD + DSDEAD, in which
D = percentage of super imposed dead load present before attachment of non structural elements

Or Case 4= Cracked analysis for permanent load with long-term concrete modulus creep and shrinkage is given as DEAD
+ DSDE
D, in which D = percentage of super imposed dead load present before attachment of non structural elements, and say

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using a creep factor for 3 months.

The value of total long term deflection to occur after attachment of nonstructural elements is then the combination of
Case 3 + (Case 1- Case 2)- Case 4

In our case we will define Case 4 like the following:

The deflection load combination will become like the following:

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And we get the following final deflection result:

Maximum deflection will be equal to around 5.8cm

Updated on 08/12/2016: Illustration of the 2nd method of computing Long Term De ection

Even though this method is not recommended by the CSI, but Ill explain it and we will check together the results:

A single load pattern is applied in a load case, then another case is set to continue From State at End of Nonlinear Case.

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Add a DEAD load case using the Nonlinear (Cracked) option, starting with a Zero Initial Condition.

Add a SDEAD load case using the Nonlinear (Cracked) option, starting From State at End of Nonlinear Case DEAD.

Add a LIVE load case using the Nonlinear (Cracked) option, starting From State at End of Nonlinear Case SDEAD.

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The DEAD load case predicts cracking from a zero initial condition, in which no load is present, then computes cracking
due to DEAD load-pattern application. Adding SDEAD then uses the stiffness at the end of DEAD load case, and
contributes additional deflection.

And the maximum deflection will be conducted under the load case Live-LT = 5cm

But with reference to CSI this method is not recommended since the deflection result reports the total deflection from
both DEAD and SDEAD cases, however, the increase in DEAD load deflection due to additional cracking from SDEAD
load application is not recognized.

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Summary:

Elastic (Linear) = 2.8cm

Immediate Deflections No Shrinkage & No Creep = 5.6cm (50% increment from Elastic)
Long Term Deflections Sustained Load with Shrinkage &Creep
(Case1 +Case3 -Case2) = 7.8cm (40% increment from Immediate Deflections)
Long Term Deflections Sustained Load with Shrinkage &Creep
(Case1 +Case3 -Case2 -Case4) = 5.8cm (less than 5% increment from Immediate Deflections)
Long Term Deflections Sustained Load with Shrinkage &Creep
(2nd Method)= 5.0cm

Hopefully we could clarify properly how to compute the long term cracked analysis. If you have any question please do not
hesitate to drop it by comment below.

And in case you have any query in the structural engineering, drop it by the Handy Forum
(http://kickmybrain.com/handy-forum/) and well assist you as soon as possible !

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8 thoughts on Step by Step De ection Analysis Using CSI SAFE

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10/17/2017 Step by Step Deflection Analysis Using CSI SAFE | KickMyBrain
Reply (http://www.kickmybrain.com/step-by-step-de ection-analysis-using-csi-safe/?replytocom=7700#respond)
Murali (December 12, 2016 - 7:48 PM)

Dear all, I would like to receive all posts from this site. Thanks in advance.

Step by Step How to Compute P-Delta e ect using ETABS according to ASCE7-10 | KickMyBrain (http://kickmybrain.com/step-by-step-
how-to-compute-p-delta-e ect-using-etabs/)
(December 12, 2016 - 9:31 AM) Reply (http://www.kickmybrain.com/step-by-step-de ection-analysis-using-csi-safe/?replytocom=7687#respond)

[] Step by Step De ection Analysis Using CSI SAFE []

Reply (http://www.kickmybrain.com/step-by-step-de ection-analysis-using-csi-safe/?replytocom=7669#respond)

Faris (December 11, 2016 - 12:33 AM)

Hello Zahi,

Thanks for posting this article. Where does CSI mention that the other method is not recommended? Ive always used that method with no issues. If its not
recommended, I dont see a reason why they have the continue from state at end of non-linear case option to begin with.

Regards,
Faris

Zahi Baroudi (http://www.kickmybrain.com/members/zahibaroudi/) (December 11, 2016 - 12:40 AM)

Reply (http://www.kickmybrain.com/step-by-step-de ection-analysis-using-csi-safe/?replytocom=7670#respond)

Hello Faris,

Its stated here :https://wiki.csiamerica.com/display/safe/Cracked-section+analysis (https://wiki.csiamerica.com/display/safe/Cracked-section+analysis)

However, this does not mean that the results are wrong. It only does not re ect properly the real case scenario because the increase in DEAD load de ection
due to additional cracking from SDEAD load application is not recognized.
And the option of continue from state at end of non-linear case its not limited only for de ection computation. It may be useful for other purposes.

Reply (http://www.kickmybrain.com/step-by-step-de ection-analysis-using-csi-safe/?replytocom=7671#respond)

Faris (December 11, 2016 - 1:05 AM)

Thanks for your quick reply, Zahi!

I just read what they wrote and I agree that the way they did it does not recognize the additional super-imposed DL. The way I typically do it is different and I
believe it does encompass all de ections, I wish I can share an image. Thanks again for sparking the discussion.

Zahi Baroudi (http://www.kickmybrain.com/members/zahibaroudi/) (December 11, 2016 - 1:12 AM)

Your Welcome Faris. Reply (http://www.kickmybrain.com/step-by-step-de ection-analysis-using-csi-safe/?replytocom=7672#respond)

Sure you may explain/ Illustrate your method
to admin@kickmybrain.com
(mailto:admin@kickmybrain.com) and well
review it accordingly.

Engr. Ahmed (http://ahmed.gamal.mahmoud@hotmail.com) (December 8, 2016 - 9:42 AM)

Hi , thanks for the illustration , its very helpful . Reply (http://www.kickmybrain.com/step-by-step-de ection-analysis-using-csi-safe/?replytocom=7376#respond)

I have a question about why you didnt use the

option Continue from state at end of non-linear
case instead of subtracting the de ection values
manually as you did .

Sincerely ,

Zahi Baroudi (http://www.kickmybrain.com/members/zahibaroudi/) (December 8, 2016 - 7:03 PM)

Hello Ahmed, Reply (http://www.kickmybrain.com/step-by-step-de ection-analysis-using-csi-safe/?replytocom=7560#respond)

Good to hear that you found this article helpful.
However, We did not use this method because its

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10/17/2017 Step by Step Deflection Analysis Using CSI SAFE | KickMyBrain
not recommended from CSI. As the de ection
results reports the total de ection from both
DEAD and SDEAD cases, however, the increase in
DEAD load de ection due to additional cracking
from SDEAD load application is not recognized.
Anyway, upon your query, We have updated the
post above and illustrate this second method of
computation for long term de ection. You may
check it above.

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