There are many ways for diagnosing children with HIV infection.

Antibody anti-HIV
test (ELISA or rapid test) are available, safe, effective, sensitive and reliable for diagnosis of
HIV for children > 18 months. Virologic diagnostic testing of an HIV-exposed infant should
be performed at age 14 to 21 days, at age 1 to 2 months, and at age 4 to 6 months. Virologic
diagnostic testing should be considered at birth for infants at high risk of HIV infection and 2
to 4 weeks after discontinuation of prophylaxis for infants receiving combination neonatal
ARV regimens. . Follow-up virologic testing should be performed at 4 to 6 weeks, 3 and 6
months after breastfeeding cessation if the initial tests are negative. This patients result of

HIV is spread directly from host to host through three venues: blood, semen, or
vaginal fluid. The modes of transmission are primarily three fold; sexual intercourse, sharing
needles, and vertical transmission through mothers exposing their fetus or infant via
childbirth or breastfeeding. Another mode of transmission is due to blood transfusions,
however due to intensive blood testing this mode of transmission rarely occurs. African
epidemiologic data of almost 2000 infants indicate that female infants may be more susceptible to
HIV infection before birth and continuing after birth compared with male infants. In this case, the
patient is a boy and probably got infected through transmission from her mother in delivery
process.