OTHER MEASURES OF LOCATION

6.1 MEASURES OF LOCATION Same as the median class and the kth quartile class, the
There are several other measures of location that kth decile class is the interval whose <CF is the first to be
describe or locate the position of certain non-central pieces greater than
k
N (starting from the lowest interval).
of data relative to the entire set of data. These measures, 10

often referred to as quartiles or fractiles are values which a 6.4 PERCENTILES

specific fraction or percentage of the observations in a given Percentile values divide a set of observations into 100
set must fall. equal parts. These values, denoted by P1, P2, , P99, are such
6.2 QUARTILES that 1% of the data falls below P 1, 2% falls below P2 , ,
Quartiles are values that divide a set of observations and 99% falls below P99.
into 4 equal parts. These values, denoted by Q1, Q2, and Q3, Ungrouped Data: For ungrouped data sets, the kth percentile
are such that 25% of the data falls below Q1, 50% falls (k = 1, 2, 3, ,99 ) can be determined using the formula
below Q2 and 75% falls below Q3. given by
Ungrouped Data: For ungrouped data sets, the kth quartile = ( ) where k = 1, 2, 3, , 99
100
(first and third quartiles) can be determined using the Grouped Data: For grouped data sets, on the other hand,
formula given by the kth percentile can be determined using the formula given
= () where k = 1, 2, 3 by
4
k
Grouped Data: For grouped data sets, the kth quartile can be 100 N CF
Pk LB Pk i
determined using the formula given by f Pk
k
4 N CF where
Qk LBQk i
f Qk LBPk = lower boundary of the kth percentile class
N = total frequency
where: CF =<CF immediately preceding the kth percentile class
LBQk = lower boundary of the kth quartile class fPk = frequency of the kth percentile class
N = total frequency = class size
CF = <CF immediately preceding the kth quartile class Notes:
fQk = frequency of the kth quartile class 1. Q2, D5, and P50 are all equal to the median.
= class size 2. The subscript refers to the position of the quantile when
all the data points are arranged in an ascending order. If the
The kth quartile class, similar to the median class, is the
k
subscript is not a whole number, it should be rounded up to
class interval whose <CF is the first to be greater than 4
N the next whole number.
(starting from the lowest interval).
EXERCISES:
6.3 DECILES 1. The following data represent the number of hours spent by
Deciles are values that divide a set of observations into 25 SABM students in a library for one week.
10 equal parts. These values, denoted by D1, D2, , D9, are 12 04 03 15 20
such that 10% of the data falls below D1, 20% falls below D2 12 09 05 10 11
, , and 90% falls below D9. 03 18 05 13 16
02 14 14 09 17
Ungrouped Data: For ungrouped data sets, the kth decile (k
19 03 09 07 14
= 1, 2,,9) can be determined using the formula given by Find:
= ( ) where k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 a) P5 d) D2
10
Grouped Data: For grouped data sets, the kth decile can be b) P28 e) Q3
determined using the formula given by c) D5 f) Q2
2. Consider the grouped frequency distribution. Find the
k
10 N CF following:
Dk LB Dk i a) P35 d) D8
f Dk b) P92 e) D3

c) P5 f) Q3
where:
Class Interval f CB CM <CF
LBDk = lower boundary of the kth decile class
7 13 4 6.5 - 13.5 10 4
N = total frequency
14 20 8 13.5 20.5 17 12
CF = <CF immediately preceding the kth decile class
fDk = frequency of the kth decile class 21 27 8 20.5 27.5 24 20
= class size 28 34 10 27.5 34.5 31 30
35 41 6 34.5 41.5 38 36
42 48 4 41.5 48.5 45 40

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