Automatic Door Slider Using Arduino

Automatic Door Slider Using Arduino 2016-2017
CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF PROJECT
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The project is designed for automatic door opening system using PIR sensor.
Opening and closing of doors is always a tedious job, especially in places like
shopping malls, hotels and theatres where a person is always required to
open the door for visitors.
This project proposes a system of automatic opening and closing of door by

sensing any body movement near the door. This is achieved with help of a PIR
(Passive Infrared) sensor. A live body generally emits infrared energy which is
sensed by the PIR sensor from a considerable distance. This sensing signal is
fed to a microcontroller to operate a door motor through motor driver IC.
When a body approaches within the operating range of the sensor, it sends a
logical command to open the door. If there is no further movement within the
PIR operating range. Interrupt signals are used through limit switches to avoid
locked rotor condition of the motor.
Further this project can be enhanced interfacing a counting arrangement for

keeping a record of entry and exit of people at particular place. This can be
achieved by interfacing the system with an EEPROM (non-volatile memory) to
avoid loss of stored data even if the power fails.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
This is a very basic circuit and has many shortcomings. For example, this system will not
differentiate between a person and any other obstacle interrupting the sensors. Also this circuit is
good enough for only one person entering at a time. Also, this is a short range system. For long
range, we use lasers.
Dept.of EXTC SJCEM, Palghar 1

For overcoming these and many other problems with this system, further improvements are
being done. Cameras and processing is now being used to differentiate between different
interruptions. Some research is being done along the same lines in the CPS Lab.

1.3ADVANTAGES:
1. No need of human intervention.

2. Can work 24x7 without any problem.
3. Low cost and very easy to implement.
1.4DISADVANTAGES:
1. If there are multiple doors for the same room the project becomes quite complex.
2. IR sensor cannot detect if lots of people are entering at one time.
1.5 APPLICATION:
1. The Project can be used in Office.
2. It can be used in Public Places.
3. Can be used in Rest rooms in Railway stations.

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 LITERATURE SURVEY
[1] The system of this invention employs a conventional microwave beam motion detector for
swinging open the door when a person enters the beam from the approach side of the door. As is
the normal arrangement, the microwave motion detector is mounted on the header above the door
and upon detecting a person or object approaching the door energizes a circuit in which it is
arranged to operate appropriate motor means for actuating or swinging the door away from closed
to open position. As the object continues its movement toward and through the doorway, a
microwave motion detector mounted on the approach side of the door has its beam interrupted by
the object. The beam from the microwave detector over the door is designed to have a wide beam
projecting out several feet from the door and reasonably close to the floor, whereas the
microwave detector on the approach side of the door has a shower and narrower beam.
[2] The present invention relates to mechanisms for automatically opening and closing doors.
More particularly, the present invention relates to a microcontroller system utilized to control the
mechanism for opening and closing a door which senses an obstruction in the path of the moving
door and reacts thereto. Microcontrollers are often utilized to control a mechanism which
automatically opens and closes a door. Power is normally supplied to an electric motor which is
mechanically linked to the door mechanism to propel the door in an open or closed direction. The
supply of power to the electric motor can be regulated by a microcontroller. The microcontroller
will regulate the opening and closing speed and the direction of door travel depending upon a
preprogrammed sequence. Generally, a door operated in such a manner will follow a
preprogrammed velocity profile in both the opening and closing sequence.
[3] The door sensor comprises a housing which mounts two arrays of IR emitters which
respectively define an approach detection zone and a threshold detection zone. IR detectors are
disposed in the housing for detecting radiation from the approach zone and the threshold zone.
The signals from the detectors are converted into first and second pulse trains having a frequency
which is proportional to the detected radiation from the zones. A programmable microprocessor is

responsive to the first pulse train for generating a first output signal indicative of the detection of
the target in the approach zone. The second programmable microprocessor is responsive to the
second pulse train and generates a second output signal indicative of the identification of a target
in the threshold zone. An output which may be in the form of a relay is responsive to the first and
second output signals for producing an operator signal for operating an automatic door system.
[4] The work described in this report is part of a National Science Foundation sponsored effort to
have student engineers at universities throughout the US design and construct devices for persons
with disabilities. Once the project is completed, it is given to the person with disabilities (client)
as a gift to use to improve their life. The client, diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy, desires
an easier way to control room temperature and an improved method for accessing the entry lock
to her house, as well as a more reliable method of entry. The Remote Control Digital Thermostat
(RCDT) is designed to be mounted on the clients wheelchair to control a completely redesigned,
microprocessor controlled thermostat. The Remote Door Opener (RDO), which controls an
automatic entry lock, is incorporated into the same unit as the RCDT using the same transmitter
as the thermostat control. The door opener has its own RF receiver to receive and decode the
transmitted signal, which is mounted next to the top of the door. The device has three actuation
buttons, one each to raise and lower temperature, and the other to actuate the entry lock.

CHAPTER 3: HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig3.1 Block diagram
3.2 ATMEGA 328P

Fig 3.2 ATmega328p
The ATmega328p is a single chip micro-controller created by Atmel and belongs to the
megaAVR series. In ATmega328p p stands for Pico Power. The Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based
microcontroller combines 32 KB ISP flash memory with read-while-write capabilities, 1 KB
EEPROM, 2 KB SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers,
three flexible timer/counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts, serial
programmable USART, a byte-oriented 2-wire serial interface, SPI serial port, 6-channel 10-bit
A/D converter, programmable watchdog timer with internal oscillator, and five software
selectable power saving modes. The device operates between 1.8-5.5 volts. The device achieves
throughputs approaching 1 MIPS.

Table 3.1 Key features of ATmega328p
3.3CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
It is often required to produce a signal whose frequency or pulse rate is very stable and exactly
known. This is important in any application where anything to do with time or exact
measurement is crucial. It is relatively simple to make an oscillator that produces some sort of a
signal, but another matter to produce one of relatively precise frequency and stability. An
ordinary quartz watch must have an oscillator accurate to better than a few parts per million. One
part per million will result in an error of slightly less than one half second a day, which would be
about 3 minutes a year. This might not sound like much, but an error of 10 parts per million
would result in an error of about a half an hour per year. A clock such as this would need
resetting about once a month, and more often if you are the punctual type.

Fig 3.4Crystal oscillator
A crystal oscillator is an electronic circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating
crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency. This
frequency is commonly used to keep track of time (as in quartz wristwatches), to provide a stable
clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters.
Quartz crystal oscillators were developed for high-stability frequency references during the
1920s and 1930s. Prior to crystals, radio stations controlled their frequency with tuned circuits,
which could easily drift off frequency by 34 kHz.
Since broadcast stations were assigned frequencies only 10 kHz apart, interference between
adjacent stations due to frequency drift was a common problem. In 1925 Westinghouse installed
a crystal oscillator in its flagship station KDKA, and by 1926 quartz crystals were used to control
the frequency of many broadcasting stations and were popular with amateur radio operators.
In 1928, Warren Marrison of Bell Telephone Laboratories developed the first quartz-crystal
clock. With accuracies of up to 1 second in 30 years (30 ms/y, or quartz clocks replaced
precision pendulum clocks as the world's most accurate timekeepers until atomic clocks were
developed in the 1950s. Using the early work at Bell Labs, AT&T eventually established their
Frequency.

3.4 VOLTAGE REULATOR IC78XX
A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant

voltage level. It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or passive or active electronic
components. Depending on the design, it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC
voltages. With the exception of passive shunt regulators, all modern electronic voltage regulators
operate by comparing the actual output voltage to some internal fixed reference voltage. Any
difference is amplified and used to control the regulation element in such a way as to reduce the
voltage error. If the output voltage is too low, the regulation element is commanded, up to a
point, to produce a higher output voltage - by dropping less of the input voltage, or to draw input
current for longer periods if the output voltage is too high, the regulation element will normally
be commanded to produce a lower voltage.
Fig 3.5 Regulator IC
PIN NO. PIN DESCRIPTION
1 INPUT In this pin of the IC positive unregulated voltage is given in regulation.
2 GROUND In this pin where the ground is given. This pin is neutral for equally the input and output.
3 OUTPUT The output of the regulated 5V volt is taken out at this pin of the IC regulator.
Table 3.2 PIN DIAGRAM OF IC 7805

3.5 PIR SENSOR
PIR sensors allow you to sense motion, almost always used to detect whether a
human has moved in or out of the sensors range. They are small, inexpensive, low-
power, easy to use and don't wear out. They are often referred to as PIR, "Passive
Infrared", "Pyroelectric", or "IR motion" sensors. PIRs are basically made of pyro
electric sensor which can detect levels of infrared radiation. Everything emits some
low-level radiation, and the hotter something is, the more radiation is emitted. The
sensor in a motion detector is actually split in two halves. The reason for that is that
we are looking to detect motion (change) not average IR levels. Along with the
pyroelectric sensor is a bunch of supporting circuitry, resistors and capacitors.
Some PIR Sensors use the BISS0001 (Micro power PIR Motion detector IC). This
chip takes the output of the sensor and does some minor processing on it to emit a
digital output pulse from the analog sensor. PIR sensors are cheap, consumes low
power, have a wide lens range, and are easy to
Fig 3.6 PIR SENSOR MODULE

3.6 16X2 LCD DISPLAY
Fig 3.7 16X2 LCD DISPLAY
162 LCD module is a very common type of LCD module that is used in 8051 based embedded
projects. It consists of 16 rows and 2 columns of 57 or 58 LCD dot matrices. The module were are
talking about here is type number JHD162A which is a very popular one . It is available in a 16 pin
package with back light , contrast adjustment function and each dot matrix has 58 dot resolution.
The pin numbers, their name and corresponding functions are shown in the table below.
Table 3.3 Pin Configuration of LCD 16*2

3.7 TRANSISTOR BC547
BC547 is an NPN bi-polar junction transistor. A transistor, stands for transfer of resistance, is
commonly used to amplify current. A small current at its base controls a larger current at
collector & emitter terminals.
BC547 is mainly used for amplification and switching purposes. It has a maximum current gain
of 800. Its equivalent transistors are BC548 and BC549.
Fig3.8 Pin Diagram of BC 547
3.8 MOTOR DRIVER IC

L293D is a typical Motor driver or Motor Driver IC which allows DC motor to drive on either
direction. L293D is a 16-pin IC which can control a set of two DC motors simultaneously in any
direction. It means that you can control two DC motor with a single L293D IC. It works on the
concept of H-bridge. H-bridge is a circuit which allows the voltage to be flown in either direction.
As you know voltage need to change its direction for being able to rotate the motor in clockwise
or anticlockwise direction, Hence H-bridge IC are ideal for driving a DC motor. In a single
L293D chip there are two h-Bridge circuit inside the IC which can rotate two dc motor
independently. Due its size it is very much used in robotic application for controlling DC motors.
Given below is the pin diagram of a L293D motor controller.
There are two Enable pins on l293d. Pin 1 and pin 9, for being able to drive the motor, the pin 1
and 9 need to be high. For driving the motor with left H-bridge you need to enable pin 1 to high.
And for right H-Bridge you need to make the pin 9 to high. If anyone of the either pin1 or pin9
goes low then the motor in the corresponding section will suspend working.
Fig3.9 Motor Driver IC

CHAPTER 4: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND WORKING

4.1 WORKING:
The aim of this project is to design an Automatic Door Opening system using Atmega328
microcontroller, in which the door is automatically opened and closed by detecting the movement
of a person.
When a person approaches the door through the doorway, the system must detect the person and
open the door.
Once the Doorway is cleared, the system must close the door automatically and wait for the next
person, the microcontroller will initialize the PIR sensor with a settling time of 20s for the sensor
to calibrate the surroundings .During this time, the LCD will display the message. In this section
we have used PIR sensor modules which contain diodes, potentiometer, Comparator (Op-Amp)
and LEDs. Potentiometer is used for setting reference voltage at comparators one terminal and
PIR sensors sense the object or person and provide a change in voltage at comparators second
terminal. Then comparator compares both voltages and generates a digital signal at output. Here
in this circuit we have used two comparators for two sensors. LM358 is used as comparator.
LM358 has inbuilt two low noise Op-amp.
Control Section: ATmega328 is used for controlling whole the process of this Automatic door
opener project. The outputs of comparators are connected to digital pin number 14 and 19 of
ATmega328. ATmega328 read these signals.
Display section: Display section contains a 16x2 LCD. This section will display the motion of
people .

4.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Fig4.1Circuit Diagram

CHAPTER 5: BREADBOARD CONNECTION AND PCB

LAYOUT
5.1 BREADBOARD CONNECTION:
FIG5.1 Breadboard Connection

5.2 PCB LAYOUT:
FIG5.2 Pcb Layout

CHAPTER 6: ALGORITHM
6.1 ALGORITHM
1. START
2. Initialize the Microprocessor
3. Fetch the status of the sensor bit.
4. Compare the status of the sensor bit with entrance code.
5. If status equals entrance code then step 7else step 6
6. Go to step 2.
7. Gate open wait and close.

CHAPTER 7: RESULT CONCLUSION AND FUTURESCOPE
7.1 RESULT
When a human being comes under the range of a PIR sensor, the PIR sensor detects the heat
radiation emitted by a human being and the PIR sensor passes the signal to the microcontroller.
After the signal is received by microcontroller it passes a high bit 1 to the motor driver IC. This
will activate the motor driver IC and finally the motor starts rotating and the slider door which is
attached to the motor starts to open and close according to the condition.
Fig7.1 Result

Automatic Door Slider using Arduino 2016-17
7.2 CONCLUSION:
When a human being comes under the range of a PIR sensor, the PIR sensor detects the heat
radiation emitted by a human being the PIR sensor passes the signal to the microcontroller. After
the signal is received by microcontroller it passes a high bit 1 to the motor driver IC. This will
activate the motor driver IC and finally the motor starts rotating and the slider door which is
attached to the motor starts to open and close according to the condition.
7.3 FUTURE SCOPE:
1. Lights can be turned ON/OFF according to the number of people.
2. We can adjust the intensity of electrical devices.
3. Metal detector can be added for security reasons.

CHAPTER 8: REFERENCES
8.1 REFERENCES
[1] Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design by Donald A. Neamen
Edition 2012
[2] Basic circuit Analysis by K.V.V. Murty and M.S. Kamath.
Edtion 2010
[3] Electronics Instrumentation by H.S. Kalsi
[4]Datasheet ATmega328P
(www.mouse.com/pdfdocs/gravitechATMEGA328datasheet.2015)
[5] Arduino by Jaykarthegeyan, Chennai

Features

High Performance, Low Power AVR 8-Bit Microcontroller
Advanced RISC Architecture
131 Powerful Instructions Most Single Clock Cycle Execution
32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers
Fully Static Operation
Up to 20 MIPS Throughput at 20 MHz
On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier
High Endurance Non-volatile Memory Segments
4/8/16/32K Bytes of In-System Self-Programmable Flash progam memory
(ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P)
8-bit
256/512/512/1K Bytes EEPROM (ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P)
512/1K/1K/2K Bytes Internal SRAM (ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P) Microcontroller
Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM
Data retention: 20 years at 85C/100 years at 25C
(1) with 4/8/16/32K
Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits
In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program
True Read-While-Write Operation
Bytes In-System
Programming Lock for Software Security
Peripheral Features Programmable
Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescaler and Compare Mode
One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode, and Capture Flash
Mode
Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator
Six PWM Channels
8-channel 10-bit ADC in TQFP and QFN/MLF package ATmega48PA
Temperature Measurement
6-channel 10-bit ADC in PDIP Package ATmega88PA
Temperature Measurement
Programmable Serial USART ATmega168PA
Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface
2
Byte-oriented 2-wire Serial Interface (Philips I C compatible) ATmega328P
Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator
On-chip Analog Comparator
Interrupt and Wake-up on Pin Change
Special Microcontroller Features
Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection
Internal Calibrated Oscillator
External and Internal Interrupt Sources
Six Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down,
Standby, and Extended Standby
I/O and Packages
23 Programmable I/O Lines
28-pin PDIP, 32-lead TQFP, 28-pad QFN/MLF and 32-pad QFN/MLF
Summary
Operating Voltage:
1.8 - 5.5V for ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P
Temperature Range:
-40C to 85C
Speed Grade:
0 - 20 MHz @ 1.8 - 5.5V
Low Power Consumption at 1 MHz, 1.8V, 25C for ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P:
Active Mode: 0.2 mA
Power-down Mode: 0.1 A
Power-save Mode: 0.75 A (Including 32 kHz RTC)
Rev. 8161CSAVR05/09

ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P

Automatic Door Slider using Arduino 2016-
17
1. Pin Configurations
Figure 1-1. Pinout ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P
TQFP Top View PDIP
Dept.of EXTC SJCEM, Palghar

25
PC4 (ADC4/SDA/PCINT12)
PC5 (ADC5/SCL/PCINT13)
PC6 (RESET/PCINT14)
PC2 (ADC2/PCINT10)
PC3 (ADC3/PCINT11)
PD2 (INT0/PCINT18)
PD0 (RXD/PCINT16)
PD1 (TXD/PCINT17)
(PCINT14/RESET) PC6 1 28 PC5 (ADC5/SCL/PCINT13)
(PCINT16/RXD) PD0 2 27 PC4 (ADC4/SDA/PCINT12)
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
(PCINT17/TXD) PD1 3 26 PC3 (ADC3/PCINT11)
(PCINT19/OC2B/INT1) PD3 1 24 PC1 (ADC1/PCINT9) (PCINT18/INT0) PD2 4 25 PC2 (ADC2/PCINT10)
(PCINT20/XCK/T0) PD4 2 23 PC0 (ADC0/PCINT8) (PCINT19/OC2B/INT1) PD3 5 24 PC1 (ADC1/PCINT9)
GND 3 22 ADC7 (PCINT20/XCK/T0) PD4 6 23 PC0 (ADC0/PCINT8)
VCC 4 21 GND VCC 7 22 GND
GND 5 20 AREF GND 8 21 AREF
VCC 6 19 ADC6 (PCINT6/XTAL1/TOSC1) PB6 9 20 AVCC
(PCINT6/XTAL1/TOSC1) PB6 7 18 AVCC (PCINT7/XTAL2/TOSC2) PB7 10 19 PB5 (SCK/PCINT5)
(PCINT7/XTAL2/TOSC2) PB7 8 17 PB5 (SCK/PCINT5) (PCINT21/OC0B/T1) PD5 11 18 PB4 (MISO/PCINT4)
(PCINT22/OC0A/AIN0) PD6 12 17 PB3 (MOSI/OC2A/PCINT3)
10
14
16
12
13
15
11
(PCINT23/AIN1) PD7 13 16 PB2 (SS/OC1B/PCINT2)
9
(PCINT0/CLKO/ICP1) PB0 14 15 PB1 (OC1A/PCINT1)

(PCINT22/OC0A/AIN0) PD6
(PCINT3/OC2A/MOSI) PB3
(PCINT0/CLKO/ICP1) PB0
(PCINT21/OC0B/T1) PD5
(PCINT2/SS/OC1B) PB2
(PCINT23/AIN1) PD7
(PCINT1/OC1A) PB1
(PCINT4/MISO) PB4

(PCINT21/OC0B/T1) PD5
(PCINT19/OC2B/INT1) PD3
(PCINT7/XTAL2/TOSC2) PB7
(PCINT6/XTAL1/TOSC1) PB6
(PCINT20/XCK/T0) PD4
GND
VCC
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
NOTE: Bottom pad should be soldered to ground.

(PCINT22/OC0A/AIN0)
PD6 8 28 PD2 (INT0/PCINT18)

(PCINT23/AIN1) PD7 9 27 PD1 (TXD/PCINT17)
(PCINT0/CLKO/ICP1)
PB0 10 26 PD0 (RXD/PCINT16)
(PCINT1/OC1A) PB1 11 25 PC6 (RESET/PCINT14)
(PCINT2/SS/OC1B)
PB2 12 24 PC5 (ADC5/SCL/PCINT13)
Automatic Door Slider using Arduino
(PCINT3/OC2A/MOSI)
PB3 13 23 PC4 (ADC4/SDA/PCINT12)

28 MLF Top View
(PCINT4/MISO)PB4 14 PC3
22 (ADC3/PCINT11)
18 GND
17 AREF
16 AVCC
15 PB5 (SCK/PCINT5)
19 PC0 (ADC0/PCINT8)
(PCINT7/XTAL2/TOSC2) PB7 8
(PCINT6/XTAL1/TOSC1) PB6 7
VCC 6
GND 5
VCC 4
GND 3
(PCINT20/XCK/T0) PD4 2
(PCINT19/OC2B/INT1) PD3 1
NOTE: Bottom pad should be soldered to ground.
(PCINT21/OC0B/T1) PD5 9 PD2

32 (INT0/PCINT18)
(PCINT22/OC0A/AIN0) PD6 10 31 PD1 (TXD/PCINT17)
(PCINT23/AIN1) PD7 11 30 PD0 (RXD/PCINT16)
(PCINT0/CLKO/ICP1) PB0 12 29 PC6 (RESET/PCINT14)
(PCINT1/OC1A) PB1 13 28 PC5 (ADC5/SCL/PCINT13)
(PCINT2/SS/OC1B) PB2 14 27 PC4 (ADC4/SDA/PCINT12)
(PCINT3/OC2A/MOSI) PB3 15 26 PC3 (ADC3/PCINT11)
2016-17
(PCINT4/MISO) PB4 16 PC2

25 (ADC2/PCINT10)
32 MLF Top View
17
18
19
20
21
22
24
23
27
GND
ADC6
AREF
ADC7
AVCC
PB5 (SCK/PCINT5)
PC0 (ADC0/PCINT8)
PC1 (ADC1/PCINT9)
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7
D
Automatic
Door Slider
using
Arduino
2016-17
8161CSAVR05/09
Dept.of
EXTC
SJCEM,
Palghar
29
2016-17
LCD-016M002B
Vishay
16 x 2 Character LCD
FEATURES
5 x 8 dots with cursor
Built-in controller (KS 0066 or Equivalent)
+ 5V power supply (Also available for + 3V)
1/16 duty cycle
B/L to be driven by pin 1, pin 2 or pin 15, pin 16 or A.K (LED)
N.V. optional for + 3V power supply

30
MECHANICAL DATA ABSOLUTE

ITEM MAXIMUM
STANDARD VALUE RATING
Module Dimension ITEM SYMBOL
Viewing Area MIN.

Dot Size Power Supply VDD-VSS - 0.3
Character Size Input Voltage VI - 0.3
NOTE: VSS = 0 Volt, VDD =

5.0 Volt

ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
ITEM SYMBOL CONDITION STANDARD VALUE UNIT
MIN. TYP. MAX.
Input Voltage VDD VDD = + 5V 4.7 5.0 5.3 V

VDD = + 3V 2.7 3.0 5.3 V
Supply Current IDD VDD = 5V 1.2 3.0 mA
- 20 C
Recommended LC Driving VDD - V0 0C 4.2 4.8 5.1 V
Voltage for Normal Temp. 25C 3.8 4.2 4.6
Version Module 50C 3.6 4.0 4.4
70C
LED Forward Voltage VF 25C 4.2 4.6 V
LED Forward Current IF 25C Array 130 260 mA
Edge 20 40
EL Power Supply Current IEL Vel = 110VAC:400Hz 5.0 mA
DISPLAY CHARACTER ADDRESS CODE:

Display Position
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
DD RAM Address 00 01 0F
DD RAM Address 40 41 4F
Document Number: 37217 For Technical Questions, Contact: Displays@Vishay.com www.vishay.com

Revision 01-Oct-02 31
LCD-016M002B
Vishay 16 x 2 Character LCD
PIN NUMBER SYMBOL FUNCTION

1 Vss GND
2 Vdd + 3V or + 5V
3 Vo Contrast Adjustment
4 RS H/L Register Select Signal
5 R/W H/L Read/Write Signal
6 E H L Enable Signal
7 DB0 H/L Data Bus Line


15 A/Vee + 4.2V for LED/Negative Voltage Output
16 K Power Supply for B/L (OV)
DIMENSIONS in millimeters
3.55
2.95 0.6
0.6
0.55
DOT SIZE
5.95
5.55
0.65
0.7
80.0 0.5
4.95 71.2
0.4
7.55 66.0 (VA)
12.45 56.2 (AA)
8.0 P2.54* 15 = 38.1 H1 MAX 9.7 MAX
12.55
15.76
11.76
5.2
9.8
2.5
3.0 1.816 1.0 PTH H2 5.1
2.5
1 16
K
11.5(AA)
36.00.5
16.0(VA)
18.331.0
13.08
25.2
5.08
4 1.0 40.55 4- 2.5 PTH 1.6 1.6

2.5 75.0 4- 5.0 PAD EL OR NO B/L
LED - H/L B/L

HIGH LOW
H1 13.2 12.1
H2 8.6 7.5
www.vishay.com For Technical Questions, Contact: Displays@Vishay.com Document Number: 37217

32 Revision 01-Oct-02

PIR Sensor Based obstacle de-

tection sensor module (Single)
PIR Sensor - Single

General Description
The IR Sensor-Single is a general purpose proximity sensor. Here

we use it for collision detection. The module consist of a IR emitter
and IR receiver pair. The high precision IR receiver always detects a
IR signal.
The module consists of 358 comparator IC. The output of sensor

is high whenever it IR frequency and low otherwise. The on- board
LED indicator helps user to check status of the sensor without using
any additional hardware.
The power consumption of this module is low. It gives a digital

output.
Pin Configuration
The figure to the right is a top view of the IR Sensor module. The
following table gives its pin description.
Pin No. Connection Description

1 Output Digital Output (High or
Low)
2 VCC Connected to circuit supply
3 Ground Connected to circuit ground
Application Ideas
Obstacle detection
Shaft encoder
Fixed frequency detection

PIR Sensor - Single

Functional Block Diagram /Schematic Diagram
VCC
R R
C
Vr
Tx
IR Re-
OUT GND ceiver Obstacle
R
Indicator LED Rx
IR
GND LED
GND
Overview of Schematic
The sensitivity of the IR Sensor is tuned using the potentiometer. The potentiometer is tuneable in both the
directions. Initially tune the potentiometer in clockwise direction such that the Indicator LED starts glowing. Once that
is achieved, turn the potentiometer just enough in anti-clockwise direction to turn off the Indicator LED. At this point
the sensitivity of the receiver is maximum. Thus, its sensing distance is maximum at this point. If the sensing distance
(i.e., Sensitivity) of the receiver is needed to be reduced, then one can tune the potentiometer in the anti-clockwise
direction from this point.
Further, if the orientation of both Tx and Rx LEDs is parallel to each other, such that both are facing out-
wards, then their sensitivity is maximum. If they are moved away from each other, such that they are inclined to each
other at their soldered end, then their sensitivity reduces.
Tuned sensitivity of the sensors is limited to the surroundings. Once tuned for a particular surrounding, they
will work perfectly until the IR illumination conditions of that region nearly constant. For example, if the potentiome-
ter is tuned inside room/building for maximum sensitivity and then taken out in open sunlight, its will require retuning,
since suns rays also contain Infrared (IR) frequencies, thus acting as a IR source (transmitter). This will disturb the
receivers sensing capacity. Hence it needs to be retuned to work perfectly in the new surroundings.
The output of IR receiver goes low when it receives IR signal. Hence the output pin is normally low because,
though the IR LED is continuously transmitting, due to no obstacle, nothing is reflected back to the IR receiver. The
indication LED is off. When an obstacle is encountered, the output of IR receiver goes low, IR signal is reflected from
the obstacle surface. This drives the output of the comparator low. This output is connected to the cathode of the LED,
which then turns ON.
Note : All dimension in mm

Error of 5% is subjected because of
component soldering

Copyright Robosoft Systems

2

PIR Sensor - Single

Maximum Ratings
Symbol Quantity Minimum Typical Maximum Unit
o/p Output Voltage 0 - 5 V

VCC Operating Voltage 4.5 5 5.5 V
GND Ground Reference voltage - 0 - V
Pin Out Dimensions R2
10
20
17
34
Note : All dimension in mm

Error of 5% is subjected because of component soldering

37
www.fairchildsemi.com
MC78XX/LM78XX/MC78XXA
3-Terminal 1A Positive Voltage Regulator
Features Description
Output Current up to 1A The MC78XX/LM78XX/MC78XXA series of three
Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V terminal positive regulators are available in the
Thermal Overload Protection TO-220/D-PAK package and with several fixed output
Short Circuit Protection voltages, making them useful in a wide range of
Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection applications. Each type employs internal current limiting,
thermal shut down and safe operating area protection,
making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking
is provided, they can deliver over 1A output current.
Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators,
these devices can be used with external components to
obtain adjustable voltages and currents.
TO-220
1
D-PAK
1
1. Input 2. GND 3. Output
Internal Block Digram
Rev. 1.0.1

2001 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation

MC78XX/LM78XX/MC78XXA
Absolute Maximum Ratings

Parameter Symbol Value Unit
Input Voltage (for VO = 5V to 18V) VI 35 V
(for VO = 24V) VI 40 V
o
Thermal Resistance Junction-Cases (TO-220) R JC 5 C/W
o
Thermal Resistance Junction-Air (TO-220) R JA 65 C/W
Operating Temperature Range TOPR 0 ~ +125 oC
Storage Temperature Range TSTG -65 ~ +150 oC
Electrical Characteristics (MC7805/LM7805)

(Refer to test circuit ,0 C < TJ < 125 C, IO = 500mA, VI = 10V, CI= 0.33 F, CO= 0.1 F, unless otherwise specified)
MC7805/LM7805
Parameter Symbol Conditions Unit
Min. Typ. Max.
o
TJ =+25 C 4.8 5.0 5.2
Output Voltage VO 5.0mA Io 1.0A, PO 15W
V
VI = 7V to 20V 4.75 5.0 5.25
VO = 7V to 25V - 4.0 100
o
Line Regulation (Note1) Regline TJ=+25 C VI = 8V to 12V - 1.6 50 mV
IO = 5.0mA to1.5A - 9 100
o
Load Regulation (Note1) Regload TJ=+25 C IO =250mA to mV
- 4 50
750mA
o
Quiescent Current IQ TJ =+25 C - 5.0 8.0 mA
IO = 5mA to 1.0A - 0.03 0.5
Quiescent Current Change IQ mA
VI= 7V to 25V - 0.3 1.3
o
Output Voltage Drift VO/ T IO= 5mA - -0.8 - mV/ C
o
Output Noise Voltage VN f = 10Hz to 100KHz, TA=+25 C - 42 - V/Vo
f = 120Hz
Ripple Rejection RR 62 73 - dB
VO = 8V to 18V
o
Dropout Voltage VDrop IO = 1A, TJ =+25 C - 2 - V
Output Resistance rO f = 1KHz - 15 - m
o
Short Circuit Current ISC VI = 35V, TA =+25 C - 230 - mA
o
Peak Current IPK TJ =+25 C - 2.2 - A
Note:
1. Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in V o due to heating effects must be taken
into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty is used.




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Automatic Door Slider Using Arduino

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Automatic Door Slider Using Arduino

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Automatic Door Slider Using Arduino 2016-2017

CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF PROJECT

This project proposes a system of automatic opening and closing of door by

Further this project can be enhanced interfacing a counting arrangement for

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Dept.of EXTC SJCEM, Palghar 1

Dept.of EXTC SJCEM, Palghar 2

1. No need of human intervention.

2. IR sensor cannot detect if lots of people are entering at one time.

1. The Project can be used in Office.

2. It can be used in Public Places.

3. Can be used in Rest rooms in Railway stations.

Dept.of EXTC SJCEM, Palghar 3

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 LITERATURE SURVEY

Dept.of EXTC SJCEM, Palghar 4

Dept.of EXTC SJCEM, Palghar 5

CHAPTER 3: HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig3.1 Block diagram

3.2 ATMEGA 328P

Dept.of EXTC SJCEM, Palghar 6

Fig 3.2 ATmega328p

Dept.of EXTC SJCEM, Palghar 7

Table 3.1 Key features of ATmega328p

Dept.of EXTC SJCEM, Palghar 8

Fig 3.4Crystal oscillator

Dept.of EXTC SJCEM, Palghar 9

3.4 VOLTAGE REULATOR IC78XX

A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant

Fig 3.5 Regulator IC

PIN NO. PIN DESCRIPTION

1 INPUT In this pin of the IC positive unregulated voltage is given in regulation.

Table 3.2 PIN DIAGRAM OF IC 7805

Dept.of EXTC SJCEM, Palghar 10

3.5 PIR SENSOR

Fig 3.6 PIR SENSOR MODULE

Dept.of EXTC SJCEM, Palghar 11

3.6 16X2 LCD DISPLAY

Fig 3.7 16X2 LCD DISPLAY

Table 3.3 Pin Configuration of LCD 16*2

Dept.of EXTC SJCEM, Palghar 12

3.7 TRANSISTOR BC547

Fig3.8 Pin Diagram of BC 547

3.8 MOTOR DRIVER IC

Dept.of EXTC SJCEM, Palghar 13

Fig3.9 Motor Driver IC

Dept.of EXTC SJCEM, Palghar 14

CHAPTER 4: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND WORKING

Dept.of EXTC SJCEM, Palghar 15

4.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Dept.of EXTC SJCEM, Palghar 16

CHAPTER 5: BREADBOARD CONNECTION AND PCB

5.1 BREADBOARD CONNECTION:

FIG5.1 Breadboard Connection

Dept.of EXTC SJCEM, Palghar 17

5.2 PCB LAYOUT:

FIG5.2 Pcb Layout

Dept.of EXTC SJCEM, Palghar 18

2. Initialize the Microprocessor

3. Fetch the status of the sensor bit.

4. Compare the status of the sensor bit with entrance code.

5. If status equals entrance code then step 7else step 6