TOMAS SIDES

I. GENERALIDADES

In order to facilitate both the calculation and construction, it is recommended to derive the
perpendicular making the feeder canal. The sockets may be in thin-walled gates or gates
in submerged holes and calculation of losses as expressed above.
Reclamation recommended square gates that are attached to circular ducts in the case of
cased take the dimensions of the tube diameter equal to the gate.
It also states that in order to obtain a measurement of fairly good expense when it comes
to tubed shots, the submergence should be equal to the diameter of the conduit.

II. DEFINITION

La lateral outlet is a work surface intakes and is most commonly used when trying to capture
the water of a river. The simplest way to conceive a side uptake is like a fork.
Thes headworks to channels (or regulators header) are hydraulic devices built in the
header of an irrigation canal. The purpose of these devices is derived and regulate the
water from the main channel, or to the side thereof to the sub-side and the latter to the
branches.

III. CLASSIFICATION

TO.- TAKES SIDES TUBULARES

These works can be used to measure the amount of water flowing through them. For
accurate flow measurement to derive these outlets are designed double, ie two batteries
are used gate; the first named orifice gate and second gate and making between them a
space that acts as a control chamber. Small and considering the economic aspect, flows
shots with a single gate with which flow measurement will not be very accurate but are used
fairly good.

TAKING WITH DOUBLE

GATE
Hydraulic calculations:

1. Equation losses total load ()

Applying Bernoulli's equation in sections 1 (inlet duct) and 2 (output and considering as reference
level to the pipe axis (see figure), we have:

0.028
= (1.5 + )
1.333
Where:

2 2
= ....... Load Speed
2
L = length of the pipe socket
D = diameter of pipe

2. Duct velocity ( )

According to the Bureau of Reclamation, the speed in the pipe must not exceed 1.07 m / s.

3. Diameter (D) and area (A) of the duct.

Applying the continuity equation:

4 1
= = ( )2

For calculations, with spending and assuming Q v = 1.07 m / s, with the above equations are A
and D, this value is rounded according to the immediate superior diameter offered by
manufacturers. This value is recalculated and later v.

4. Submergence at the entrance (Sme)

It can be used any of the following criteria:

Sme = D
Sme = 1.78hv + 0.0762.

5. Submergence to the output (Sms)

Sms = 0.0762

6. Width of the headbox to the (B)

B = D + 0.305

7. Charging the box (h)

It is calculated as a landfill thin wall

Q = 1.84B ......... Then:
2
=( )3
1.84
CALCULATION PROCEDURE:

The design of the side intake involves giving dimensions to the pipe (diameter and length),
calculate the velocity in the conduit, the dimensions of the box, the submergence of input and
output size of the output transition and inclinations and levels corresponding background, as the
following figure:

EUS Bureau of Reclamation provides some recommendations for the design, which has
adapted the following calculation:

a) Accept the recommendation for duct velocity v = 1.07 m / s to start

calculations.
b) Calculate the area A = Q / v
c) Calculate the diameter of the pipe.

2 4
= =
4
d) Diameter round one immediate superior that is available on the market.
2
e) Recalculate the area = 4
f) Calculate the velocity in the pipe.
2
=
2
g) Calculate total load
0.028
= (1.5 + )
1.333

h) Calculate the submergence at the entrance (Sme)

Sme = +0.25 feet 1.78hv

Sme = 1.78hv + 0.0762m

i) Calculate the submergence of the output (Sms)

 Sms = 0.0762m .... (3")
j) Calculate the sides of the headbox.
b = D + 0.305m .......... (D + 1 ")

k) Calculate the cargo bed

3 2
= 1.842 = ( )3
1.84
Where B is the length crest
l) Calculate the coordinates

SLAC = background level channel + 1

COTA A = SLAC - h
COTA B = SLAC - SME- D
COTA B '= B + D dimension
COTA C = dimension B - B 4 inch = height - 0.1016m
Slal = SLAC -
COTA D = Slal - Sms - D
COTA E = Slal - 2
m) Calculate the output length.
= 1.525 . . (5 )
According to Hinds

=
222.5
Where: T = Water mirror in the channel
D = Pipe Diameter
l) Calculate the slope of the output transition.
maximum slope 4: 1

B.- TOMAS NO SIDE TUBULAR:

GENERAL CRITERIA:

General shots are designed according to the topographical conditions that present the grade
feeder channel and the channel derivative, the study of losses will also be done, since knowledge
of them allows us to calculate energy levels, very important for the "Dimensioning of these
hydraulic structures". The losses are in:

2
=
2

Where k is a loss coefficient whose difficulty is a value pick you, we will choose the most
appropriate of those scholars recommend. Note that k values are experimentally obtained and
put into practice in similar phenomena.

Losses in TOMAS THIN WALL

Losses
commonly originate
from Tomas:

Between sections 1 and 2: (Pd) and bypass losses leading edges.

Between sections 2 and 3: (Pr) regias losses.
Between sections 3 and 4: (Pp) losses peg or pillar.
Between sections 4 and 5: (Pc) Losses gate.

For our designs usually we consider losses and bypass damper, as the others have minimal
impact on the design, so do the energy balance (Bernoulli equation) between sections 1 and 5
have:

1= 5 + +

LOSSES BYPASS:
According Ven Te Chow, this phenomenon is complicated by the different variables involved in,
then some values of the coefficient (Kd), for an angle of 90 derivation is presented.

Where:
2
=
2

Kd = loss coefficient derivation.

V = speed corresponding to the feeder channel.
Losses from the leading edges are not taken into account because they have no significance.

LOSSES GATE (Pc)

Taking into consideration all about experiments we performed an analysis of the situation, which
has tried to summarize the phenomenon, taking into account the respective conclusions.

Flow Analysis Fund in the Damper

H1 = total energy in the vicinity of the gate, when:

Y1 / a <1.4, Formula orifice low load is used (no shoulder)

3 3
2
= 2 (1 2 1 2 ) ......... (I)
3

Y1 / a> 1.4, Formula submerged hole is used.

............ .. (II) = 2

Where:

CD= Discharge coefficient

Y1= Height of water before the gate
Ys = Height immersion.
Hs= Difference of levels before and after the gate
to = Height of the gate
b= Opening Width
DC= Contraction coefficient
L1= Distance from the gate to that occurring Y2
= Pressure drop in the shoulder
Y3= Strap conjugate (subcritical) Y2
L2= Length of the shoulder
HoY2 = H1-free download
Ho= H1 - Ys submerged discharge
= Pressure loss gate

The contraction coefficient and discharge depends on the ratio in the ratio Vedernicov to find Cd,
Y5, Y3, Y2,,, l the following relationships are used:

=
1+ 1

2 22 22
3 = + +
2 2 4

5 3
= 1 + 3 (1 + )
3 2

2 =

(3 2 )3
=
2 3

HYDRAULIC BEHAVIOR WITH RESPECT TO JUMP AFTER THE GATE, 3 ALTERNATIVES

ARE PRESENTED:

1. When the strap channel water under Y3 is greater than Y3; in this case the jump run
upstream and colliding with the gate choking orifice is said that discharge is submerged.
2. When the strap canal water under Y3 Y3 equals in this jump will occur immediately Y2,
this is an ideal case, to prevent erosion, the download is free.
3. When the strap channel downstream of Y3 is less than Y3, in this case the jump is
repelled from the bed and race causing severe erosion downstream, this type of jump
should be avoided in the design, the download is free.

When the equation is free to gate output, equation (II) takes the following form:

2 2
= 2 = 2(1 2 = 2( 2 + ) (III)

When the download is submerged or drowned the same equation II, it becomes:

= 2 = 2(1 .... (IV)

On the other hand, it is held for free download (Equation II)

= 2

= 2

 2
2 = = =

2 = 2

Punting Ho:

2 2 1 2 2
= + = 2

2 2

= Pressure loss gate

Then the loss will be loading gate

1 2 2
= = ( 1)
2 2