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Philosophy of logic
Analytic-synthetic distinction
Antinomy
A priori and a posteriori
Definition
Description
Entailment
Identity (philosophy)
Inference
Logical form
Logical implication
Logical truth
Logical consequence
Name
Necessity
Material conditional
Meaning (linguistic)
Meaning (non-linguistic)
Paradox (list)
Possible world
Presupposition
Probability
Quantification
Reason
Reasoning
Reference
Semantics
Strict conditional
Syntax (logic)
Truth
Truth value
Validity
Philosophical logic
Philosophical logic
Argument
Argument map
Accuracy and precision
Ad hoc hypothesis
Ambiguity
Analysis
Attacking Faulty Reasoning
Belief
Belief bias
Bias
Cogency
Cognitive bias
Confirmation bias
Credibility
Critical pedagogy
Critical reading
Decidophobia
Decision making
Dispositional and occurrent belief
Emotional reasoning
Evidence
Expert
Explanation
Explanatory power
Fact
Fallacy
Higher-order thinking
Inquiry
Interpretive discussion
Narrative logic
Occam's razor
Opinion
Practical syllogism
Precision questioning
Propaganda
Propaganda techniques
Prudence
Pseudophilosophy
Reasoning
Relevance
Rhetoric
Rigour
Socratic questioning
Source credibility
Source criticism
Theory of justification
Topical logic
Vagueness
Deductive reasoning
Theories of deduction
Anti-psychologism
Conceptualism
Constructivism
Conventionalism
Counterpart theory
Deflationary theory of truth
Dialetheism
Fictionalism
Formalism (philosophy)
Game theory
Illuminationist philosophy
Logical atomism
Logical holism
Logicism
Modal fictionalism
Nominalism
Object theory
Polylogism
Pragmatism
Preintuitionism
Proof theory
Psychologism
Ramism
Semantic theory of truth
Sophism
Trivialism
Ultrafinitism
Fallacies
Fallacy (list) incorrect argumentation in reasoning resulting in a misconception or presumption. By
accident or design, fallacies may exploit emotional triggers in the listener or interlocutor (appeal to
emotion), or take advantage of social relationships between people (e.g. argument from authority).
Fallacious arguments are often structured using rhetorical patterns that obscure any logical argument.
Fallacies can be used to win arguments regardless of the merits. There are dozens of types of fallacies.
Formal logic
Formal logic Mathematical logic, symbolic logic and formal logic are largely, if not completely
synonymous. The essential feature of this field is the use of formal languages to express the ideas whose
logical validity is being studied.
List of mathematical logic topics
Logical symbols
Logical variables
Propositional variable
Predicate variable
Literal
Metavariable
Logical constants
Logical connective
Quantifier
Identity
Brackets
Logical connectives
Logical connective
Converse implication
Converse nonimplication
Exclusive or
Logical NOR
Logical biconditional
Logical conjunction
Logical disjunction
Material implication
Material nonimplication
Negation
Sheffer stroke
Strings of symbols
Atomic formula
Open sentence
Types of propositions
Proposition
Analytic proposition
Axiom
Atomic sentence
Clause (logic)
Contingent proposition
Contradiction
Logical truth
Propositional formula
Rule of inference
Sentence (mathematical logic)
Sequent
Statement (logic)
Tautology
Theorem
Rules of inference
Biconditional elimination
Biconditional introduction
Case analysis
Commutativity of conjunction
Conjunction introduction
Constructive dilemma
Contraposition (traditional logic)
Conversion (logic)
De Morgan's laws
Destructive dilemma
Disjunction elimination
Disjunction introduction
Disjunctive syllogism
Double negative elimination
Generalization (logic)
Hypothetical syllogism
Law of excluded middle
Law of identity
Modus ponendo tollens
Modus ponens
Modus tollens
Obversion
Principle of contradiction
Resolution (logic)
Simplification
Transposition (logic)
Formal theories
Formal proof
List of first-order theories
Object language
Symbol
Formula
Formal system
Theorem
Formal proof
Theory
Expressions in a metalanguage
Metalanguage
Metalinguistic variable
Deductive system
Metatheorem
Metatheory
Interpretation
Propositional logic
Propositional logic
Absorption law
Clause (logic)
Deductive closure
Entailment
Formation rule
Functional completeness
Intermediate logic
Literal (mathematical logic)
Logical connective
Logical consequence
Negation normal form
Open sentence
Propositional calculus
Propositional formula
Propositional variable
Rule of inference
Strict conditional
Substitution instance
Truth table
Zeroth-order logic
Boolean logic
Predicate logic
Predicate logic
Atomic formula
Atomic sentence
Domain of discourse
Empty domain
Extension (predicate logic)
First-order logic
First-order predicate
Formation rule
Free variables and bound variables
Generalization (logic)
Monadic predicate calculus
Predicate (mathematical logic)
Predicate logic
Predicate variable
Quantification
Second-order predicate
Sentence (mathematical logic)
Universal instantiation
(, )-definition of limit
Relations
Mathematical relation
Finitary relation
Antisymmetric relation
Asymmetric relation
Bijection
Bijection, injection and surjection
Binary relation
Composition of relations
Concurrent relation
Congruence relation
Coreflexive relation
Covering relation
Cyclic order
Dense relation
Dependence relation
Dependency relation
Directed set
Equivalence relation
Euclidean relation
Homogeneous relation
Idempotence
Intransitivity
Inverse relation
Involutive relation
Partial equivalence relation
Partial function
Partially ordered set
Preorder
Prewellordering
Propositional function
Quasitransitive relation
Reflexive relation
Surjective function
Symmetric relation
Ternary relation
Total relation
Transitive relation
Trichotomy (mathematics)
Well-founded relation
Mathematical logic
Mathematical logic
Set theory
Set theory (list)
Aleph null
Bijection, injection and surjection
Binary set
Cantor's diagonal argument
Cantor's first uncountability proof
Cantor's theorem
Cardinality of the continuum
Cardinal number
Codomain
Complement (set theory)
Continuum hypothesis
Countable set
Decidable set
Denumerable set
Disjoint sets
Disjoint union
Domain of a function
Effective enumeration
Element (mathematics)
Empty function
Empty set
Enumeration
Extensionality
Finite set
Function (mathematics)
Function composition
Generalized continuum hypothesis
Index set
Infinite set
Intension
Intersection (set theory)
Inverse function
LwenheimSkolem theorem
Map (mathematics)
Multiset
Nave set theory
Non-Cantorian set theory
One-to-one correspondence
Ordered pair
Partition of a set
Pointed set
Power set
Projection (set theory)
Proper subset
Proper superset
Range (mathematics)
Russell's paradox
Sequence (mathematics)
Set (mathematics)
Set of all sets
Simple theorems in the algebra of sets
Singleton (mathematics)
Skolem paradox
Subset
Superset
Tuple
Uncountable set
Union (set theory)
ZermeloFraenkel set theory
Metalogic
Completeness (logic)
Syntax (logic)
Consistency
Decidability (logic)
Deductive system
Interpretation (logic)
Cantor's theorem
Church's theorem
Church's thesis
Effective method
Formal system
Gdel's completeness theorem
Gdel's first incompleteness theorem
Gdel's second incompleteness theorem
Independence (mathematical logic)
Logical consequence
Lwenheim-Skolem theorem
Metalanguage
Metasyntactic variable
Metatheorem
Object language
Symbol (formal)
Type-token distinction
Usemention distinction
Well-formed formula
Proof theory
Axiom
Deductive system
Formal proof
Formal system
Formal theorem
Syntactic consequence
Syntax (logic)
Transformation rules
Model theory
Interpretation (logic)
Logical validity
Non-standard model
Normal model
Model
Semantic consequence
Truth value
Computability theory
Computability theory branch of mathematical logic that originated in the 1930s with the study of computable
functions and Turing degrees. The field has grown to include the study of generalized computability and
definability. The basic questions addressed by recursion theory are "What does it mean for a function from the
natural numbers to themselves to be computable?" and "How can noncomputable functions be classified into a
hierarchy based on their level of noncomputability?". The answers to these questions have led to a rich theory
that is still being actively researched.
Classical logic
Classical logic
Non-classical logic
Non-classical logic Deviant logic
Computability logic
Fuzzy logic
Linear logic
Decision theory
Game theory
Probability theory
Affine logic
Bunched logic
Description logic
Free logic
Intensional logic
Intuitionistic logic
Many-valued logic
Minimal logic
Noncommutative logic
Non-monotonic logic
Paraconsistent logic
Quantum logic
Relevance logic
Strict logic
Substructural logic
Modal logic
Modal logic
Alethic logic
Axiological logic
Deontic logic
Doxastic logic
Epistemic logic
Temporal logic
Concepts of logic
Deductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning
Abductive reasoning
Mathematical logic
Proof theory
Set theory
Formal system
Predicate logic
Predicate
Higher-order logic
Propositional calculus
Proposition
Boolean algebra
Boolean logic
Truth value
Venn diagram
Pierce's law
Aristotelian logic
Non-Aristotelian logic
Informal logic
Fuzzy logic
Infinitary logic
Infinity
Categorical logic
College logic
Linear logic
Metalogic
Ordered logic
Temporal logic
Sequential logic
Provability logic
Interpretability logic
Interpretability
Quantum logic
Relevant logic
Consequent
Affirming the consequent
Antecedent
Denying the antecedent
Theorem
Axiom
Axiomatic system
Axiomatization
Conditional proof
Invalid proof
Degree of truth
Truth
Truth condition
Truth function
Double negative
Double negative elimination
Fallacy
Existential fallacy
Logical fallacy
Syllogistic fallacy
Type theory
Game theory
Game semantics
Rule of inference
Inference procedure
Inference rule Quantification
Introduction rule
Law of excluded middle
Law of non-contradiction
Logical constant
Logical connective
Quantifier
Logic gate
Boolean Function
Tautology
Logical assertion
Logical conditional
Logical biconditional
Logical equivalence
Logical AND
Negation
Logical OR
Logical NAND
Logical NOR
Contradiction
Logicism
Polysyllogism
Syllogism
Hypothetical syllogism
Major premise
Minor premise
Term
Singular term
Major term
Middle term
Quantification
Plural quantification
Logical argument
Validity
Soundness
Inverse (logic)
Non sequitur
Tolerance
Satisfiability
Logical language
Paradox
Polish notation
Principia Mathematica
Quod erat demonstrandum
Reductio ad absurdum
Rhetoric
Self-reference
Necessary and sufficient
Sufficient condition
Nonfirstorderizability
Occam's Razor
Socratic dialoge
Socratic method
Argument form
Logic programming
Unification
History of logic
History of logic
Books
A System of Logic
Attacking Faulty Reasoning
Begriffsschrift
Categories (Aristotle)
Charles Sanders Peirce bibliography
De Interpretatione
Gdel, Escher, Bach
Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy
Language, Truth, and Logic
Laws of Form
Linguistics and Philosophy
Novum Organum
On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems
Organon
Philosophy of Arithmetic
Polish Logic
Port-Royal Logic
Posterior Analytics
Principia Mathematica
Principles of Mathematical Logic
Prior Analytics
Rhetoric (Aristotle)
Sophistical Refutations
Sum of Logic
The Art of Being Right
The Foundations of Arithmetic
Topics (Aristotle)
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
Logic organizations
Association for Symbolic Logic
Logicians
List of logicians
List of philosophers of language
See also
Index of logic articles
Mathematics
List of basic mathematics topics
List of mathematics articles
Philosophy
List of basic philosophy topics
List of philosophy topics
Outline of discrete mathematics for introductory set theory and other supporting material see this
External links
Taxonomy of Logical Fallacies
An Introduction to Philosophical Logic, by Paul Newall, aimed at beginners
forall x: an introduction to formal logic, by P.D. Magnus, covers sentential and quantified logic
Translation Tips, by Peter Suber, for translating from English into logical notation
Math & Logic: The history of formal mathematical, logical, linguistic and methodological ideas. In The
Dictionary of the History of Ideas.
Logic test Test your logic skills
Logic Self-Taught: A Workbook (originally prepared for on-line logic instruction)