196 COUNTRIES AND THEIR 19.

Benin - Porto-Novo
CAPITALS
20. Bhutan - Thimphu
Check out this alphabetical list of
21. Bolivia - La Paz
every independent nation (as of
(administrative); Sucre
2017) and its capital:
(judicial)
1. Afghanistan - Kabul
22. Bosnia and Herzegovina
2. Albania - Tirana - Sarajevo

3. Algeria - Algiers 23.Botswana - Gaborone

4. Andorra - Andorra la Vella 24. Brazil - Brasilia

5. Angola - Luanda 25.Brunei - Bandar Seri Begawan

6. Antigua and Barbuda - Saint 26. Bulgaria - Sofia

John's
27.Burkina Faso - Ouagadougou
7. Argentina - Buenos Aires
28. Burundi - Bujumbura
8. Armenia - Yerevan
29. Cambodia - Phnom Penh
9. Australia - Canberra
30. Cameroon - Yaounde
10.Austria - Vienna
31. Canada - Ottawa
11. Azerbaijan - Baku
32.Cape Verde - Praia
12. The Bahamas - Nassau
33.Central African Republic -
13. Bahrain - Manama Bangui

14. Bangladesh - Dhaka 34. Chad - N'Djamena

15. Barbados - Bridgetown 35.Chile - Santiago

16. Belarus - Minsk 36. China - Beijing

17. Belgium - Brussels 37.Colombia - Bogota

18.Belize - Belmopan 38. Comoros - Moroni

39. Congo, Republic of the - 8. Fiji - Suva
Brazzaville
9. Finland - Helsinki
1. Congo, Democratic Republic of
the - Kinshasa 10.France - Paris

2. Costa Rica - San Jose 11. Gabon - Libreville

3. Cote d'Ivoire - Yamoussoukro 12. The Gambia - Banjul

(official); Abidjan (de facto)
13. Georgia - Tbilisi
4. Croatia - Zagreb
14. Germany - Berlin
5. Cuba - Havana
15. Ghana - Accra
6. Cyprus - Nicosia
16. Greece - Athens
7. Czech Republic - Prague
17. Grenada - Saint George's
8. Denmark - Copenhagen
18.Guatemala - Guatemala City
9. Djibouti - Djibouti
19. Guinea - Conakry
10.Dominica - Roseau
20. Guinea-Bissau - Bissau
11. Dominican Republic - Santo
Domingo 21. Guyana - Georgetown

12. East Timor (Timor-Leste) - Dili 22. Haiti - Port-au-Prince

1. Ecuador - Quito 23.Honduras - Tegucigalpa

2. Egypt - Cairo 24. Hungary - Budapest

3. El Salvador - San Salvador 25.Iceland - Reykjavik

4. Equatorial Guinea - Malabo 26. India - New Delhi

5. Eritrea - Asmara 27.Indonesia - Jakarta

6. Estonia - Tallinn 28. Iran - Tehran

7. Ethiopia - Addis Ababa 29. Iraq - Baghdad

30. Ireland - Dublin 52.Luxembourg - Luxembourg

31. Israel - Jerusalem* 53.Macedonia - Skopje

32.Italy - Rome 54.Madagascar - Antananarivo

33.Jamaica - Kingston 55.Malawi - Lilongwe

34. Japan - Tokyo 56.Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur

35.Jordan - Amman 57.Maldives - Male

36. Kazakhstan - Astana 58. Mali - Bamako

37.Kenya - Nairobi 59.Malta - Valletta

38. Kiribati - Tarawa Atoll 60. Marshall Islands -

Majuro
39. Korea, North -
Pyongyang 61. Mauritania - Nouakchott

40. Korea, South - Seoul 62. Mauritius - Port Louis

41. Kosovo - Pristina 63. Mexico - Mexico City

42. Kuwait - Kuwait City 64. Micronesia, Federated

States of - Palikir
43. Kyrgyzstan - Bishkek
65.Moldova - Chisinau
44. Laos - Vientiane
1. Monaco - Monaco
45.Latvia - Riga
2. Mongolia - Ulaanbaatar
46. Lebanon - Beirut
3. Montenegro - Podgorica
47.Lesotho - Maseru
4. Morocco - Rabat
48. Liberia - Monrovia
5. Mozambique - Maputo
49. Libya - Tripoli
6. Myanmar (Burma) - Rangoon
50. Liechtenstein - Vaduz (Yangon); Naypyidaw or Nay
Pyi Taw (administrative)
51. Lithuania - Vilnius
7. Namibia - Windhoek 27.Romania - Bucharest

8. Nauru - no official capital; 28. Russia - Moscow

government offices in Yaren
District 29. Rwanda - Kigali

9. Nepal - Kathmandu 30. Saint Kitts and Nevis -

Basseterre
10.Netherlands - Amsterdam; The
Hague (seat of government) 31. Saint Lucia - Castries

11. New Zealand - Wellington 32.Saint Vincent and the

Grenadines - Kingstown
12. Nicaragua - Managua
33.Samoa - Apia
13. Niger - Niamey
34. San Marino - San
14. Nigeria - Abuja Marino

15. Norway - Oslo 35.Sao Tome and Principe - Sao

Tome
16. Oman - Muscat
1. Saudi Arabia - Riyadh
17. Pakistan - Islamabad
2. Senegal - Dakar
18.Palau - Melekeok
3. Serbia - Belgrade
19. Panama - Panama City
4. Seychelles - Victoria
20. Papua New Guinea -
Port Moresby 5. Sierra Leone - Freetown

21. Paraguay - Asuncion 6. Singapore - Singapore

22. Peru - Lima 7. Slovakia - Bratislava

23.Philippines - Manila 8. Slovenia - Ljubljana

24. Poland - Warsaw 9. Solomon Islands - Honiara

25.Portugal - Lisbon 10.Somalia - Mogadishu

26. Qatar - Doha 11. South Africa - Pretoria

(administrative); Cape Town
 (legislative); Bloemfontein 30. Turkmenistan -
(judiciary) Ashgabat

12. South Sudan - Juba 31. Tuvalu - Vaiaku village,

Funafuti province
13. Spain - Madrid
32.Uganda - Kampala
14. Sri Lanka - Colombo; Sri
Jayewardenepura Kotte 33.Ukraine - Kyiv
(legislative)
34. United Arab Emirates -
15. Sudan - Khartoum Abu Dhabi

16. Suriname - Paramaribo 35.United Kingdom - London

17. Swaziland - Mbabane 36. United States of America

- Washington D.C.
18.Sweden - Stockholm
37.Uruguay - Montevideo
19. Switzerland - Bern
38. Uzbekistan - Tashkent
20. Syria - Damascus
39. Vanuatu - Port-Vila
21. Taiwan - Taipei
40. Vatican City (Holy See) -
22. Tajikistan - Dushanbe Vatican City

23.Tanzania - Dar es Salaam; 41. Venezuela - Caracas

Dodoma (legislative)
42. Vietnam - Hanoi
24. Thailand - Bangkok
43. Yemen - Sanaa
25.Togo - Lome
44. Zambia - Lusaka
26. Tonga - Nuku'alofa
45.Zimbabwe - Harare
27.Trinidad and Tobago - Port-of-
Spain

28. Tunisia - Tunis

29. Turkey - Ankara

Afghanistan Islamic republic

Albania parliamentary democracy

Algeria republic

American
NA
Samoa

parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as its chiefs of state a coprincipality; the two
Andorra princes are the president of France and bishop of Seu d'Urgell, Spain, who are represented in Andorra
by the coprinces' representatives

Angola republic; multiparty presidential regime

Anguilla NA

Antarctica Antarctic Treaty Summary - the Antarctic region is governed by a system known as the Antarctic
Treaty System; the system includes: 1. the Antarctic Treaty, signed on 1 December 1959 and entered
into force on 23 June 1961, which establishes the legal framework for the management of Antarctica,
2. Recommendations and Measures adopted at meetings of Antarctic Treaty countries, 3. The
Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972), 4. The Convention for the Conservation of
Antarctic Marine Living Resources (1980), and 5. The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the
Antarctic Treaty (1991); the 33rd Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting was held in Punta del Este,
Uruguay in May 2010; at these periodic meetings, decisions are made by consensus (not by vote) of
all consultative member nations; by April 2010, there were 48 treaty member nations: 28 consultative
and 20 non-consultative; consultative (decision-making) members include the seven nations that claim
portions of Antarctica as national territory (some claims overlap) and 21 non-claimant nations; the US
and Russia have reserved the right to make claims; the US does not recognize the claims of others;
Antarctica is administered through meetings of the consultative member nations; decisions from these
meetings are carried out by these member nations (with respect to their own nationals and operations)
in accordance with their own national laws; the years in parentheses indicate when a consultative
member-nation acceded to the Treaty and when it was accepted as a consultative member, while no
date indicates the country was an original 1959 treaty signatory; claimant nations are - Argentina,
Australia, Chile, France, NZ, Norway, and the UK; nonclaimant consultative nations are - Belgium,
Brazil (1975/1983), Bulgaria (1978/1998), China (1983/1985), Ecuador (1987/1990), Finland
(1984/1989), Germany (1979/1981), India (1983/1983), Italy (1981/1987), Japan, South Korea
(1986/1989), Netherlands (1967/1990), Peru (1981/1989), Poland (196
Article 1 - area to be used for peaceful purposes only; military activity, such as weapons testing, is
prohibited, but military personnel and equipment may be used for scientific research or any other
peaceful purpose; Article 2 - freedom of scientific investigation and cooperation shall continue; Article
 3 - free exchange of information and personnel, cooperation with the UN and other international
agencies; Article 4 - does not recognize, dispute, or establish territorial claims and no new claims shall
be asserted while the treaty is in force; Article 5 - prohibits nuclear explosions or disposal of
radioactive wastes; Article 6 - includes under the treaty all land and ice shelves south of 60 degrees
00 minutes south and reserves high seas rights; Article 7 - treaty-state observers have free access,
including aerial observation, to any area and may inspect all stations, installations, and equipment;
advance notice of all expeditions and of the introduction of military personnel must be given; Article 8 -
allows for jurisdiction over observers and scientists by their own states; Article 9 - frequent
consultative meetings take place among member nations; Article 10 - treaty states will discourage
activities by any country in Antarctica that are contrary to the treaty; Article 11 - disputes to be settled
peacefully by the parties concerned or, ultimately, by the ICJ; Articles 12, 13, 14 - deal with upholding,
interpreting, and amending the treaty among involved nations; other agreements - some 200
recommendations adopted at treaty consultative meetings and ratified by governments; a mineral
resources agreement was signed in 1988 but remains unratified; the Protocol on Environmental
Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was signed 4 October 1991 and entered into force 14 January 1998;
this agreement provides for the protection of the Antarctic environment through six specific annexes:
1) environmental impact assessment, 2) conservation of Antarctic fauna and flora, 3) waste disposal
and waste management, 4) prevention of marine pollution, 5) area protection and management and 6)
liability arising from environmental emergencies; it prohibits all activities relating to mineral resources
except scientific research; a permanent Antarctic Treaty Secretariat was established in 2004 in
Buenos Aires, Argentina

Antigua and
constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government and a Commonwealth realm
Barbuda

Argentina republic

Armenia republic

Aruba parliamentary democracy

Australia federal parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Austria federal republic

Azerbaijan republic

Bahrain constitutional monarchy

Bangladesh parliamentary democracy

Barbados parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Belarus republic in name, although in fact a dictatorship

Belgium federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy

Belize parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Benin republic

Bermuda parliamentary; self-governing territory

Bhutan constitutional monarchy

Bolivia republic

Bosnia and
emerging federal democratic republic
Herzegovina

Botswana parliamentary republic

Brazil federal republic

British Virgin
NA
Islands

Brunei constitutional sultanate (locally known as Malay Islamic Monarchy)

Bulgaria parliamentary democracy

Burkina Faso parliamentary republic

Burma parliamentary government took power in March 2011

Burundi republic

Cambodia multiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchy

Cameroon republic; multiparty presidential regime

Canada a parliamentary democracy, a federation, and a constitutional monarchy

Cape Verde republic

Cayman
parliamentary democracy
Islands

Central
African republic
Republic

Chad republic

Chile republic

China Communist state

Christmas
NA
Island

Cocos
(Keeling) NA
Islands

Colombia republic; executive branch dominates government structure

Comoros republic

Congo,
Republic of republic
the

Cook Islands self-governing parliamentary democracy

Costa Rica democratic republic

Cote d'Ivoire republic; multiparty presidential regime established 1960

Croatia parliamentary democracy

Cuba Communist state

Cyprus republic

Czech parliamentary democracy

Republic

Democratic
Republic of republic
the Congo

Denmark constitutional monarchy

Djibouti republic

Dominica parliamentary democracy

Dominican
democratic republic
Republic

East Timor republic

Ecuador republic

Egypt republic

El Salvador republic

Equatorial
republic
Guinea

Eritrea transitional government

Estonia parliamentary republic

Ethiopia federal republic

Falkland
Islands (Islas NA
Malvinas)

Faroe Islands NA

Federated
constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered
States of
into force on 3 November 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into force in May 2004
Micronesia
Fiji republic

Finland republic

France republic

French
parliamentary representative democratic French overseas collectivity
Polynesia

Gabon republic; multiparty presidential regime

Georgia republic

Germany federal republic

Ghana constitutional democracy

Gibraltar NA

Greece parliamentary republic

Greenland parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy

Grenada parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Guam NA

Guatemala constitutional democratic republic

Guernsey parliamentary democracy

Guinea republic

Guinea-
republic
Bissau

Guyana republic

Haiti republic
Holy See
ecclesiastical
(Vatican City)

Honduras democratic constitutional republic

Hong Kong limited democracy

Hungary parliamentary democracy

Iceland constitutional republic

India federal republic

Indonesia republic

Iran theocratic republic

Iraq parliamentary democracy

Ireland republic, parliamentary democracy

Isle of Man parliamentary democracy

Israel parliamentary democracy

Italy republic

Jamaica constitutional parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Japan a parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy

Jersey parliamentary democracy

Jordan constitutional monarchy

Kazakhstan republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch

Kenya republic
Kiribati republic

Kosovo republic

Kuwait constitutional emirate

Kyrgyzstan republic

Laos Communist state

Latvia parliamentary democracy

Lebanon republic

Lesotho parliamentary constitutional monarchy

Liberia republic

Libya operates under a transitional government

Liechtenstein hereditary constitutional monarchy

Lithuania parliamentary democracy

Luxembourg constitutional monarchy

Macau limited democracy

Madagascar republic

Malawi multiparty democracy

Malaysia constitutional monarchy

Maldives republic

Mali republic

Malta republic
Marshall constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered
Islands into force on 21 October 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into force in May 2004

Mauritania military junta

Mauritius parliamentary democracy

Mayotte NA

Mexico federal republic

Moldova republic

Monaco constitutional monarchy

Mongolia parliamentary

Montenegro republic

Montserrat NA

Morocco constitutional monarchy

Mozambique republic

Namibia republic

Nauru republic

Nepal federal democratic republic

Netherlands constitutional monarchy

Netherlands
parliamentary
Antilles

New
parliamentary representative democracy
Caledonia

New Zealand parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Nicaragua republic

Niger republic

Nigeria federal republic

Niue self-governing parliamentary democracy

Norfolk
NA
Island

North Korea Communist state one-man dictatorship

Northern
Mariana commonwealth; self-governing with locally elected governor, lieutenant governor, and legislature
Islands

Norway constitutional monarchy

Oman monarchy

Pakistan federal republic

constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered
Palau
into force on 1 October 1994

Panama constitutional democracy

Papua New
constitutional parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm
Guinea

Paraguay constitutional republic

Peru constitutional republic

Philippines republic

Pitcairn NA
Islands

Poland republic

Portugal republic; parliamentary democracy

Puerto Rico commonwealth

Qatar emirate

Republic of
parliamentary democracy
Macedonia

Romania republic

Russia federation

Rwanda republic; presidential, multiparty system

Saint Kitts
parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm
and Nevis

Saint Lucia parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Saint Pierre
parliamentary representative democracy
and Miquelon

Saint Vincent
and the parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm
Grenadines

Samoa parliamentary democracy

San Marino republic

Sao Tome
republic
and Principe

Saudi Arabia monarchy

Senegal republic

Serbia republic

Serbia and
republic
Montenegro

Seychelles republic

Sierra Leone constitutional democracy

Singapore parliamentary republic

Slovakia parliamentary democracy

Slovenia parliamentary republic

Solomon
parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm
Islands

Somalia in the process of building a federated parliamentary republic

South Africa republic

South Korea republic

South Sudan republic

Spain parliamentary monarchy

Sri Lanka republic

Federal republic ruled by the National Congress Party the (NCP), which came to power by military
coup in 1989; the CPA-mandated Government of National Unity, which since 2005 provided a
Sudan
percentage of leadership posts to the south Sudan-based Sudan People's Liberation Movement
(SPLM), was disbanded following the secession of South Sudan.

Suriname constitutional democracy

Svalbard NA
Swaziland monarchy

Sweden constitutional monarchy

Switzerland formally a confederation but similar in structure to a federal republic

Syria republic under an authoritarian regime

Taiwan multiparty democracy

Tajikistan republic

Tanzania republic

Thailand constitutional monarchy

The
constitutional parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm
Bahamas

The Gambia republic

Togo republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Tokelau NA

Tonga constitutional monarchy

Trinidad and
parliamentary democracy
Tobago

Tunisia republic

Turkey republican parliamentary democracy

defines itself as a secular democracy and a presidential republic; in actuality displays authoritarian
Turkmenistan
presidential rule, with power concentrated within the presidential administration

Turks and
Caicos NA
Islands
Tuvalu parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Uganda republic

Ukraine republic

United Arab federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE federal government and other powers reserved
Emirates to member emirates

United
constitutional monarchy and Commonwealth realm
Kingdom

United States Constitution-based federal republic; strong democratic tradition

Uruguay constitutional republic

Uzbekistan republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch

Vanuatu parliamentary republic

Venezuela federal republic

Vietnam Communist state

Virgin Islands NA

Wallis and
parliamentary representive democratic French overseas collectivity
Futuna

legal status of territory and issue of sovereignty unresolved; territory contested by Morocco and
Western Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro), which in
Sahara February 1976 formally proclaimed a government-in-exile, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
(SADR), near Tindouf, Algeria, led by President Mohamed ABDELAZIZ

Yemen republic

Zambia republic

Zimbabwe parliamentary democracy