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Proceedings of the 19th IAHR-APD Congress 2014, Hanoi, Vietnam

ISBN xxx-xxxx-xx-x

STUDYING STRUCTURE TO COLLECT THE FLOATING WASTE IN CHANNEL AND SEWER

C.H.HUYNH(1),T.T. LE(1) P. HA(1), C.T.NGUYEN (1) , A.T. PHAN (2) , D.K.PHAM(2)


(1)
Hochiminh City University of Technology, Vietnam
hoai_hc@yahoo.com
(2)
Steering center of the urban flood control program in HoChiMinh city, Vietnam
phananhtuan711@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
Designed structure for collecting the waste-on-the-flow is placed along the channel or in the sewer to trap the floating
waste on the flow. The operating principle of this design is usage of the guide vanes or the curved mesh for the purpose
of generating circular current to pull the floating wastes before transporting them to the waste dump. The shapes,
dimensions of this structure have been designed based on the flow regime simulated the numerical model. From the
simulated results, a structural model is set in laboratory to verify the numerical model as well as to evaluate the waste
collection efficiency. There are three types of structure, type I is used to collect the waste at 90-degree cut-bank channel,
type II is for wastes along the straight channel while type III is used to collect the floating waste in sewer. Experimental
results showed that type I could help to collect from 70%-80%, type II from 60%-70% while type III could make it 100%
of floating wastes..

Keywords: Floating waste, numerical model, open channel, sewer

1. INTRODUCTION Floating waste collection structures include:


The accumulation of floating waste in sewage water is - Guide vanes to generate the strong flow or
one of the obstructions for the flow in channel and sewer. circular current to pull waste to a proper
This causes drainage outflow capacity to reduce and the collecting area.
urban inundation to increase. For solution of waste-on-
the-flow, especially the ones accumulated at the outlet of - The guide vanes or a mesh to prevent the
channel and sewer, several types of structures placed waste from floating back to the flow.
along the channel and at the sewers to trap the floating - A mesh basket placed inside the structure to
wastes and later to transport them to waste dump is collect waste and can be drawn up for trucking .
introduced in this paper.
2.1 Floating waste collecting structures type I:
The fig.1 shows accumulation of wastes at a channel
Floating waste collecting structure type I is designed to
outlet in Ho Chi Minh city
trap the waste in 90-degree cut bank channel shape,
where flow changes its direction to enter either the gate
or to the other channel. Floating waste often accumulates
in this area because of the effect of direction change.
Fig.2 shows the model of floating waste collecting
structures type I.
Floating waste collecting structures type I includes a
guide vanes placed perpendicular to the flow, which
guides the flow toward the opposite bank of channel and
helps to increase its velocity. The second guide vane is set
along the flow and at the opposite side of the first guide
vane. This will head the flow toward to the location of
Fig 1: Floating waste accumulation the waste collecting bin where wastes are trapped.
at the outlet of a channel
2.2. Floating waste collecting structures type II: This
2. TYPES OF STRUCTURE FOR FLOATING structure is designed to trap the floating waste on the
WASTES COLLECTION straight channel shape. It is placed along the bank of
channel at the waste collection spots.
The operating principle of waste collection structures
Fig.3 shows the components of structure type II. It
relies on the guide vanes or the curved mesh for
includes 2 guide vanes for increasing the velocity and for
generating the circular current that pulls the floating
guiding the flow to the collecting bin. This bin with its
waste to suitable area.

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mesh is placed along the channel for storage and waste collected spots. From the simulation results, the
prevention wastes from floating back to the flow. shapes and dimensions are adjusted to reach utmost
hydraulic regime for collecting floating waste.
Mesh
The calculation of velocity field is applied for only wastes
Guide Collecting on channel surface as it can bring direct influence to its
vane bin movement, thus the numerical model for horizontal 2-D
Waste
flow has been used to simulate the velocity field in these
structures.
Direction
of flow
3.1 Simulated flow in structure type I:
The dimensions of structure and the parameters of flow
used in the numerical model is implemented in the
laboratory shown in fig.2.
The boundary conditions for structure type 1 includes
flow velocity of 0,1 m/s at the inlet and the outlet of
structure and the water depth in channel is 18 cm. The
computed domain is composed by 22727 elements as
Guide shown in fig.5.
vane
Fig.2 Model of structure collecting floating
waste type I

Direction of flow Net

Waste in
Guide vane collecting
bin

Collecting
bin

Fig.3 Model of waste collecting structure type II

2.3 Floating waste collecting structures type III: In every Fig. 5 Computed domain and mesh for
structure type I
drainage system, there is a mesh placed at the outlet of
sewer to prevent wastes from moving out again to the The model results for velocity field and the streamlines
channel, however, the big waste volume accumulated are in fig.6 and fig.7. The results show that thanks to the
there in one moment can also cause stuck to the drainage guide vanes set perpendicularly, the flow running along
system. Thus, structure type III is designed to collect the the vanes goes directly to the perpendicular bank. Here, it
floating waste at the outlet of sewer and help to reduce changes direction bringing wastes together and goes to
the accumulation of waste on the mesh. the waste bin.
The structure type III includes a part of extended pipe
for waste collecting. In this area, there is a round shape
mesh to generate the circular current and to pull the
floating waste to one side of the mesh, and waste is no
longer hanging on mesh which can help water to move
easily. The structure type III is illustrated in fig.4

Mesh
Waste

Direction of flow

Fig4: Model of collecting waste structure type III Fig. 6 Computed velocity field in structure
type I

3. FLOW SIMULATION IN WASTE COLLECTING With the flow field simulated from the numerical model,
STRUCTURES it can be seen if the floating wastes on the flow, they will
In order to define suitable dimensions and shapes for be transported to waste bin.
floating waste collecting structures, AnsysFluent model
is applied to simulate the flows going through several

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structure type III is composed 14528 elements as shown
in fig.10.

Fig. 11 Computed domain and mesh for


structure type I
The model results shows that direction of flow has
tendency of moving anti-clockwise to the left side. This
are will pull down the waste to the bottom and the mesh
Fig. 7. Streamline in structure type I gets no longer in stuck.
3.2 Simulated flow in structure type II: Same as structure
type I, type II with dimensions shown in fig.3 has been
simulated in numerical model to verify its velocity field
and flow direction versus the waste collection efficiency.
The velocity of 0,087 m/s is used as boundary conditions
for both up and downstream channel while its depth is
applied 18 cm. The computed domain has the mesh of
10248 elements shown in fig. 8 .

Fig.12 Computed velocity field in structure type III

Fig.8 Computed domain and mesh for structure


type II

From the simulated results shown in fig.9 and fig.10, it is


found that the velocity increases when flow is narrowed
at the section between the two guide vanes. After
passing this section, the velocity increases thanks to
section expansion suddenly, which makes high vortex
pulling the floating wastes to this area and we can drift it
to the waste bin.
Fig.13. Streamline in structure type II

4. PHYSICAL MODEL FOR FLOATING WASTE


COLLECTING STRUCTURES.
The models of floating waste collecting structures were
built in the laboratory to test the operation and the waste
collection efficiency of structures. The measured
Fig.9 Computed velocity field for structure type
II
velocities in physical model were also used to compare
the computed results.
Because of considering the velocity on the surface of flow
( 2 D flow) , physical model has the water depth of 0,18
m. The average velocity in the flow was measured by
acoustic doppler velocimetry (ADV).
4.1 Experimental results for structure type I: The
experiment for structure type I was carried on with the
Fig.10 Streamline for structure type II inflow velocity of 0,1 m/s. fig.14 shows the measured
velocity and fig.15 is the measured velocity compared to
3.3 Simulated flow in structure type III: The structure computed velocity. It is found that the streamlines
type III has also been verified by numerical model to simulated by numerical model are general agreement to
analyze the hydraulic regime operation. Its calculated the experiment. However, the velocity at the area where
dimensions have been applied to model at the laboratory. the flow changes its direction, the computed velocity is
Boundary conditions of the flow is free flow inside the higher than the measured velocity. This difference can be
sewage system with velocity at both up and downstream explained that the flow structure in this area is too
at 0,1 m/s and water depth at 0,18m. The mesh for the complete and the numerical model cant simulate
accurately. fig.16 to fig.18 present the process of floating

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waste collection in structure type I, with the existing the
guide vane, the floating wastes follow the flow to the
waste bin. The experiment indicates that the structure
type I can collect from 70% to 80% volume of floating
waste.

10 cm/s
Measured

Fig.17. Floating waste drifting to the waste


bin in the structure type I

Fig.14. Measured velocity field in structure


type I

Fig.18. Floating waste in the waste bin of


10 cm/s structure type I
Measured
Computed

10 cm/s

Fig.19. Measured velocity field in structure type


II

Fig.15. Comparison the measured and


computed velocity field in structure type I
type I

Measured
Computed

Fig.20. Comparison the measured and


computed velocity field in structure type II
The waste collecting process of structure type II are
shown in fig. 22 fig.24. After the waste passing the
guide vane, they are thrust into the wastes bin and are
kept by a mesh. Structure type II may collect from 60%
-70% volume of floating wastes in channel.

Fig.16. Floating waste before structure type I


4.2 Experimental results for structure type II: Structure
type II was also built in the laboratory and experiment
was performed with the inflow velocity of 0,087 m/s
The computed and measured velocity are shown in fig.19
and fig.20, they show a good agreement in flow direction.
The velocity magnitudes are good match in the area of
guide vane, but in the back side of guide vane, the
computed magnitude velocities are smaller than the Fig.21. Floating waste before structure type II
measured velocities.

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Fig.22. Floating waste drifting to the waste Fig.26. Floating waste before structure type III
bin in the structure type II

4.2 Experimental results for structure type III:


Structure type III was build in the laboratory with
dimensions as using in numerical model (fig.4). The flow
in the experiment is open flow with the inflow velocity of
0,087 m/s. Fig. 25 and fig.26 present the measured and
computed velocity in structure type III.

Measured Curved
10 cm/s mesh

Fig.27. Floating waste drifting to the waste


mesh in the structure type III

Fig.24. Measured velocity field in structure


type III

Measured
Computed

Fig.28. Floating waste accumulated in the left side


of flow in the structure type III

5. CONCLUSION: Structure of waste collecting is based


on the simulation flows verified by a numerical model
and applied in actual running at laboratory test. With
Fig.25. Comparison the measured and
computed velocity field in structure type III type I and II the collected efficiency can reach 60% to 80%
while type III can allow the utmost capacity up to 100%
Comparison between the measured and computed without causing stuck at the mesh due to waste
velocity is good agreement in the main flow. However, accumulation there.
in expanded part of structure (left side of curved mesh), Such application can help to control the floating wastes,
the simulated streamlines using numerical model (fig.13) as well as to guide them to the required areas for drifting
have a little bite difference with observed flow. The up later. Finally, both environment pollution and urban
observed flow are the circular current, while simulated inundation can be reduced thanks to free flow of channel
flow has the direction toward the downstream. The water.
reason are in numerical model, the mesh size can not
reduce as the same size as a real one, those give the flow ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:
goes easily through the mesh (fig. 13) and can not This research is supported by Steering center of the urban
generate the circular current as in the experiment (fig.24). flood control program in HoChiMinh city, Vietnam.
The process of waste collection in structure type III are
illustrated in fig. 26 - fig.28. They indicate that most of REFERENCES
floating waste are accumulated in the left side of the main Ansys Inc. (2009). Ansys Fluent theory guide
flow and dont stick on the mesh. Thus the main flow is Ansys Inc. (2009). Ansys Fluent user guide
freely going through the mesh to the downstream. Hoai H.C et all (2013) Research and design on the
With the curved mesh was set as in the design, the floating waste collecting model (report I, II). Steering
structure type III could collect 100% volume of floating center of the urban flood control program in HoChiMinh
waste. city, Vietnam
Pollutec Co.LTD. CDS system

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