Exam2A Fall 1

2015 Name___________________
NAME: _____KEY__________________________________________________

UF ID: ____________________________________________________________

Please put your name on the top of every page.

Record the multiple-choice answers and the exam version on the scantron sheet. The
exam version can be found in the header.

To receive full credit, your answers must be complete, clear, and answer what is being
asked. Do not include peripheral or irrelevant information because points will be
deducted for incorrect information. You have 120 minutes for this exam.

Finally, please remember than when a problem asks for phenotypes and/or genotypes, the
frequencies of the phenotypes and/or genotypes must be provided as well.

Good luck!
Exam2A Fall 2
2015 Name___________________
Select the choice that best completes the sentence or answers the question (2.5 pts. each).
1) In eukaryotic cells, DNA is:
a) Complexed with a variety of transcription factors
b) Not found naked in the nucleus
c) Associated with scaffold proteins
d) Packaged into nucleosomes
e) All of the above
2) Which of the following is likely to be a functional domain of a transcription factor that activates the
expression of specific genes only under the appropriate environmental cues?
a) DNA-binding domain d) All of the above
b) Transcriptional activating domain e) A and B
c) RNA synthesis domain
3) During protein synthesis on the ribosome, new amino acids are always added:
a) Three at a time
b) To a tRNA that is sitting in the A site, waiting to be charged
c) To the small subunit rRNA prior to being attached to the growing polypeptide chain
d) To the N-terminus of the growing polypeptide chain
e) To the C-terminus of the growing polypeptide chain
4) When the translation machinery encounters a stop codon:
a) Special stop tRNAs are recruited that bind to stop codons by complementary anticodons.
b) Translation is terminated by release factors (proteins) that are recruited in response to the
stop codon.
c) Translation terminates because the small ribosomal subunit dissociates and is targeted for
proteolytic destruction.
d) It triggers addition of a poly(A) tail to the mRNA.
e) The 5 cap is removed, destabilizing the translation complex.
5. If genetic codons were only two bases in length, what is the maximum number of different amino acids
that could be coded for?
a) 2 c) 8 e) 64
b) 4 d) 16
6. The role of tRNA is:
a) to serve as an intermediate in the decoding of genes.
b) to act as transporters bringing amino acids to the site of protein synthesis.
c) to serve as general translational components of the ribosome.
d) to facilitate splicing of pre-messenger RNAs.
e) to facilitate protein trafficking in protein secretion.
7. A tRNA with the anticodon 3-ACC-5 would carry the amino acid:
a) Phe. c) Ser. e) Trp.
b) Tyr. d) Thr.
8, A primary function of the 3 poly A tail put on eukaryotic transcripts is to:
(a) Increase stability of the transcript
(b) Allow recognition of the transcript by the RNA splicing machinery
(c) Target the mRNA to the nucleolus
(d) All of the above
(e) None of the above
9, Which of the following distinguishes transcription from replication? Unlike DNA polymerase during
replication:
(a) RNA polymerase can initiate synthesis without a primer.
(b) The nascent RNA strand is displaced as synthesis proceeds, so that the template DNA and newly
synthesized RNA do not remain base-paired.
(c) RNA polymerase has a much higher error rate.
Exam2A Fall 32015
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(d) All of the above
(e) None of the above
10. Which of the following is a conserved, recognizable DNA-binding domain found in many transcription
factors?
(a) TBP (d) B and C
(b) Homeodomain (e) All of the above
(c) Leucine zipper
11) When an organism gains or loses one or more chromosomes but not a complete
haploid set, the condition is known as ________.
A) triploidy B) euploidy C) trisomy D) aneuploidy E) polyploidy
12) Okasaki fragments are a consequence of
A) the inability of the DNA polymerase to polymerize in the 3 to 5 direction.
B) the inability of the DNA polymerase to correct replication errors.
C) the inability of the DNA polymerase to initiate a new DNA strand.
D) random strand breakages resulting from supercoiling.
E) mutations in the gene for DNA ligase.
13) In 1964, Nirenberg and Leder used the triplet binding assay to determine specific codon assignments.
A complex of which of the following components was trapped in the nitrocellulose filter?
A) ribosomes and DNA
B) charged tRNA, RNA triplet, and ribosome
C) free tRNAs
D) uncharged tRNAs and ribosomes
E) sense and antisense strands of DNA
14) Which of the following are among the major components of prokaryotic ribosomes?
A) 16S rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and 28S rRNA D) 12S rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and proteins
B) 16S rRNA, 5S rRNA, and 23S rRNA E) lipids and carbohydrates
C) 18S rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and proteins
15) Mutations that arise in nature, from no particular artificial agent, are called
A) induced mutations. D) chromosomal aberrations.
B) spontaneous mutations. E) cosmic mutations.
C) natural mutations.
16) Which of the following can result in frameshift mutations?
A) acridine dye C) tautomeric shift E) base analog
B) alkylating agent D) deamination
17) Base excision repair begins with recognition of a chemically altered base by
A) Adenine methylase D) uvr gene products
B) DNA glycosylase E) AP endonuclease
C) DNA polymerase
18) Considering the location of genes in the interphase nucleus, certain chromosomal territories appear to
exist. Specifically,
A) large chromosomes are more likely to be located in the center of the nucleus.
B) even-numbered chromosomes are located in the interior of the nucleus, whereas odd-
numbered chromosomes are located peripherally.
C) each chromosome appears to occupy a discrete domain.
D) small chromosomes are more likely to be located in the center of the nucleus.
E) gene-poor regions of chromosomes are located outside the nucleus, whereas gene-rich regions
are located inside the nucleus.
19) In the absence of glucose and in the presence of galactose, several genes are activated to enable yeast
utilize galactose. The key regulator(s) of the yeast GAL system is/are the _______ protein(s).
A) GAL4 C) GAL3 E) None of the above
B) GAL80 D) All of the above
Exam2A Fall 42015
Name___________________
20) While the most frequent forms of Down syndrome are caused by a random error, nondisjunction of
chromosome 21, Down syndrome occasionally runs in families. The cause of this form of familial Down
syndrome is ________.
A) a translocation between chromosome 21 and a member of the D chromosome group
B) too many X chromosomes
C) an inversion involving chromosome 21
D) a maternal age effect
E) a chromosomal aberration involving chromosome 1
21) Pericentric inversions
A) are usually lethal in homozygous form.
B) change the arm ratio of the chromosome.
C) 1.do not include the centromere in the inverted region.
D) result in acentric and dicentric chromosomes after crossing over within the inverted region in a
heterozygote.
E) All of the above.
22) In the classic experiment conducted by Hershey and Chase, why was the pellet radioactive in the
centrifuge tube that contained bacteria with viruses, which had been grown on medium containing 32P?
A) The radioactive protein coats of the viruses were in the pellet.
B) The bacteria were in the pellet, and many contained the radioactive viral DNA.
C) The radioactive viruses (coats plus DNA) were in the pellet.
D) The bacteria were in the pellet, and they had incorporated radioactive proteins into their cell
membranes.
E) The radioactive viruses were in the pellet, and the bacteria were in the supernatant.
23) If 15% of the nitrogenous bases in a sample of DNA from a particular organism is thymine, what
percentage should be cytosine?
A) 40% B) 35% C) 70% D) 15% E) 30%
24) The discontinuous aspect of replication of DNA in vivo is caused by
A) trinucleotide repeats.
B) polymerase slippage.
C) the 5' to 3' polarity restriction.
D) topoisomerases cutting the DNA in a random fashion.
E) sister-chromatid exchanges.

25) (6 pts.) Below is a diagram of DNA replication as currently believed to occur in E. coli. Using this
diagram, label the lagging strand, leading strand, and DNA polarity. In addition place the enzymes
involved in DNA replication in the figure and briefly explain their function.
5
3
Lagging

3
5 Pol3
Leading

5
(more on next page)
3
Exam2A Fall 52015
Name___________________
2) gyrase (topoisomerase) relieves supercoiling
3) Helicase unzips DNA
4) Primers, give a free 3 end for DNA synthesis. Laid down by Primase
5) Okazaki fragment
6) Ligase seals the nick in the DNA backbone after DNA Pol 1 replaces the RNA primer with DNA

DNA Pol 3 is responsible for writing the daughter strand of DNA from the parent strand template.

26). (8 pts.) Draw the structure of adenine and thymine bases and the hydrogen bonds they form when
they anneal. One of these bases isomerizes and undergoes a tautomeric shift that affects base pairing?
Explain how these happens

See figure 15-2 on page 373 of the 11th edition

27) (6 pts.) Given the following table: Supplement

1 2 3 4
Strain A + - + -
Strain B + + + -
Strain C + + + +
Strain D - - + -
where numbers 1 through 4 indicate four supplements that must be added to sustain growth of the
organism. Determine a possible metabolic pathway that would give the results seen for the four mutant
strains, A through D.

C B A D
----------> 4 -----------> 2 ------------> 1 ------------>3

28. (6 pts.) Describe or draw the steps involved in the initiation of translation.
See figure 14-6 on page 342 of the 11th edition
29. (8 pts.) Shown here are the amino acid sequences of the wild-type and three mutant forms of a short
protein. Use this information to answer the following questions:
Wild type: mer-trp-tyr-arg-gly-ser-pro-thr
Mutant 1: met-trp-his-arg-gly-ser-pro-thr
Mutant 2: met-cys-ile-val-val-val-gln-his
Predict the type of mutation that led to each altered protein. For each mutant protein, determine the
specic ribonucleotide change that led to its synthesis. As best as you are able, show the wild-type
sequence of this protein.
WT: AUG-UGG-UAU-CGU-GGU-AGU-CAA-ACA
M1: point mutation, U C at 9th nucleotide
M2: Frameshift, deletion of 5 or 6th nucleotide.
Exam2A Fall 62015
Name___________________
30. (6 pts.) A mouse has an inversion (see below):
A____B____C____D_____E____F____G___H_____I____
a_____b_____c____d_____h____g_____f____e_____i____
The centromere is located between markers E and F. During meiosis, two crossovers occur
during meiosis. The first is between C and D on chromatids 1 and 4. The second occurs between
G and H on chromatids 2 and 4. Provide the genotypes of the four resulting gametes (be sure to
show the centromeres).

ABCdhGF*EDCBA
abcdhgf*ei
abcDE*FGHI
IHgf*ei