Ultrasonic Based Smart Blind Stick For Visually

Impaired Persons
ABSTRACT
Blind stick is an innovative stick designed for visually disabled people for improved navigation.
We here propose an advanced blind stick that allows visually challenged people to navigate with
ease using advanced technology. The blind stick is integrated with two ultrasonic sensor. Our
proposed project first uses ultrasonic sensors to detect obstacles ahead using ultrasonic waves. On
sensing obstacles the sensor passes this data to the microcontroller. The microcontroller then
processes this data and calculates if the obstacle is close enough. If the obstacle is not that close
the circuit does nothing. If the obstacle is close the microcontroller sends a signal to Bluetooth
module the module is connected with the android app then app will playback the voice. The system
has one more advanced feature integrated to help the blind find the steps and navigate the person
in correctly.
Block diagram

Power supply
Alert RF Transmitter
Button
Ultrasonic
sensor1 Buzzer RF Receiver

Arduino uno

Ultrasonic Bluetooth
sensor2 module

Android
application
Arduino Uno
Arduino is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output
pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to
support the microcontroller. Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference versions of Arduino,
now evolved to newer releases. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards,
and the reference model for the Arduino platform; for an extensive list of current, past or
outdated boards see the Arduino index of boards.
Ultrasonic Sensors
Ultrasonic sensors or ultra-motion detectors are an electronic kit that contains many sub electronic
circuit in it and has many applications. When signals from the sensors of sound circuit, playback
circuit or vibrator circuit have been detected, it will be transmitted to an additional circuit
connected to it, in order to activate the required output. The ultrasonic sensors contain complete
ultrasonic crystal control transmitted 40 KHz and a very sensitive receiver measure 1 to 0.5 by 3
inches. Usually ultrasonic sensors can detect with the range of 3 meters to 7 meters. It is an 8 bit
18 pins microcontroller that provides 200 nanosecond instruction executions. It has a flash
program memory of 3.5 KB and CPU speed up to 5 MPS. Also, it has 4 MHz internal oscillator,
224 Bytes RAM and 128 bytes EEPROM. Addition to that, it has two comparator and operating
voltage 2 V to 5.5 V with temperature range - 40 C to 125 C.
Bluetooth module

Bluetooth wireless technology is becoming a popular standard in the communication arena,

and it is one of the fastest growing fields in the wireless technologies. It is convenient, easy to use
and has the bandwidth to meet most of todays demands for mobile and personal communications.
The figure 3.5 below show a bluetooth module.

Fig: Bluetooth module

 Bluetooth technology handles the wireless part of the communication channel; it transmits
and receives data wirelessly between these devices. It delivers the received data and receives the
data to be transmitted to and from a host system through a host controller interface (HCI). The
most popular host controller interface today is either a UART or a USB Here only focus on the
UART interface, it can be easily show how a Bluetooth module can be integrated on to a host
system through a UART connection and provide the designer an optimal solution for Bluetooth
enabled systems. Supply voltage at VCC pin can vary between 1.8 V and 3.3 V. VCC and BTEN
combined to a single 3.3 V supply voltage.