STATIC SOIL PRESSURES ON WALL - NO SURCHARGE

ka 0.5 Soil friction angle 30

Density 20 kN/m3 Soil slope in front 1.73 horizontal to 1 vertical
effective width 1m
ACTIVE PRESSURE Soil Weight Resisting - sloping soil in
Depth d1 Total Active force at Active force per Depth d2 Total Soil Resisting at
(m) Active pressure depth layer (m) depth
0 0.0 kPa 0.0 kN/m 0 0
0.5 5.0 kPa 1.3 kN/m 1.3 0.5 2
1 10.0 kPa 5.0 kN/m 3.8 1 10
1.5 15.0 kPa 11.3 kN/m 6.3 1.5 22
2 20.0 kPa 20.0 kN/m 8.8 2 40
2.5 25.0 kPa 31.3 kN/m 11.3 2.5 62
3 30.0 kPa 45.0 kN/m 13.8 3 90
3.5 35.0 kPa 61.3 kN/m 16.3 3.5 122

Resisting soil weight is the

times the soil friction

depth
d1
depth
d2

soil outside wingwall soil retained by wingwall

active force
per layer

depth
d1
soil resisting depth active force
per layer d2 per layer

soil resisting active force

per layer per layer
soil resisting active force
per layer per layer

Soil forces calculated above

 kp 3

Resisting - sloping soil in front of wall PASSIVE PRESSURE - not used unless flat slope behind
Total Soil Resisting at Depth d2 Total Passive Resisting
depth Soil resisting per layer (m) Passive pressure at depth
kN 0 0.0 kpa 0 kN/m
kN 2 kN 0.5 30.0 kpa 8 kN/m
kN 7 kN 1 60.0 kpa 30 kN/m
kN 12 kN 1.5 90.0 kpa 68 kN/m
kN 17 kN 2 120.0 kpa 120 kN/m
kN 22 kN 2.5 150.0 kpa 188 kN/m
kN 27 kN 3 180.0 kpa 270 kN/m
kN 32 kN 3.5 210.0 kpa 368 kN/m

esisting soil weight is the triangular mass of soil above

mes the soil friction

soil weight

soil weight x friction

Passive force per
layer

7.5
22.5
37.5
52.5
67.5
82.5
97.5