cizEvaegantteFitiaweTemadio Page do A010 94512 Peer p Atvrners'39DedktpManahan D406 WBNS AUGMTCLATEN 40 Chapter 2 Energy and the Fsst Law of Thermodynamics Zaz {Potential energy Equation 2.6 is a principal result of the previous section, Derived from : Newton's second law, the equation gives a relationship between Uva defined concepts: kinetic energy and work, Im this section it is used as a peint of departure to extend the concept of energy. To begin, refer to Fig. 2.2. which shows a body of mass a that moves vertically from an elevation zy 0 an levation =) rlative to the surface af the earth. Teo forces ate shown acting fon the system: a downward force due to gravity with magnitude mg and a 7 9 Nertical force with magnitude R representing the resultant ofall other forces acting on the system, ‘The work of each force acting on the body shown in Fig 2:2 can be determined by using the definition previously given. The total work is the algchaic sum of these 1 individual values In accordance with Eq. 26, the total work equals the chat Fuchs wutace | Kinetic energy. That is Higa. lnroduce the potentil exergy A. minus sign is introduced befute the seeond term on the right because tional foree is ditected downward and 2 is taken as positive upward, Th frst integral the right of Eq. 27 eopresents the work done by the forte Ran the body as it moves vertically from 2, to 25. The second integral ean be evaluated 6 follows =) sy whore the acceleration of gravity hus been assumed to be constant with elevation. By incorporating Eq. 28 into Eq. 27 ond rearranging Paiv)— vi. + males a) = [ae a eid focna she groban patentee, PE, The chang ia grmvatona voorey 6, = isle =8) cm) e force of gravity and is therefore am atuibut of a system consisting of the body and the earth together. However, evaluating the force of gravity as mg enables the gravitational potential energy to be determined re of g Knowing only the mass of the body’ and its elevation. With energy is rewarded as an extensive property af the body. Thtough- fs aumied that clevation differences ate small enough that the gray: ‘ner can be formulated to account for the variation of the gf sevation, however. To assign a value to the kinetic energy oF the potential energy of a system, it is necessary to assumne a datum and specify a value for the quantity at the datum. Vale tues of kinetic and potential energy are then determined: relative to this arbitrary choice of datum and refereace value ince only changes in kinetic and potential energy between twa states ate requited, these arbitrary reference specifica tions cancel —p— CONFIRMING PAGES << aptara