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HENRYS LAW

SUMMARY
Henry's Law describes the relationship between the pressure of a gas above a
liquid and the amount of the gas that will dissolve in the liquid.

1. DEFINITIONS

Dh : Hydraulic Diameter

c : Concentration (moles per volume)

H : Henry's Constant
p : Partial Pressure
P : Pressure

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x : Mole Fraction in Liquid

Subscripts:

aq : Aqueous Phase
g : Gaseous Phase

2. HENRY'S LAW
Henry's law tells us that the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is
proportional to the pressure of the gas. Unfortunately Henry's Law may be
defined in a number of ways, and the constant used must be selected to match the
particular formulation of the law.

2.1 Formulations of Henry's Law

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The various formulations of the Henry's Law constant are shown below.

Form Equation Notes

Concentration over ci,aq Often used by Atmospheric

Hicp =
Pressure pi Chemists

Mole Fraction over xi Often taught to Chemical

Hixp =
Pressure pi Engineers

ci,aq
Dimensionless Hicc =
ci,g -

bi,aq
Molality per Pressure Hibp = -
pi

2.2 Henry's Solubility and Henry's Volatility

The above relationships are often called Henry's solubility. When these
relationships are inverted (e.g. 1/Hicp = pi /ci,aq ) they are referred to as Henry's

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Volatility and the inverse constant may be presented.

2.3 Assumptions
Henry's law was developed for real gases and liquids, but typically for low
concentrations of solutes in water. Thus, the constants are generally only accurate
while there is a low concentration of the component in question.

Henry's law is typically accurate along the A-B line for component 'a' in the above
graph.
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3. HENRY'S CONSTANT
The table below gives some typical values for Henry's Constant for a species
dissolved in water at low concentration and 298.15 K.

H cp H cp H cc H bp H xp
Species
mol
m3 .Pa
mol
L.atm - mol
kg.atm
1
atm

Nitrogen 6.40E-6 6.48E-4 1.59E-2 6.50E-4 1.17E-5

Oxygen 1.30E-5 1.32E-3 3.22E-2 1.32E-3 2.38E-5

Argon 1.40E-5 1.42E-3 3.47E-2 1.42E-3 2.56E-5

Carbon Dioxide 3.30E-4 3.34E-2 8.18E-1 3.35E-2 6.04E-4

Neon 4.50E-6 4.56E-4 1.12E-2 4.57E-4 8.24E-6

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H H H H H
Species
-

Helium 3.90E-6 3.95E-4 9.67E-3 3.96E-4 7.14E-6

Methane 1.40E-5 1.42E-3 3.47E-2 1.42E-3 2.56E-5

Refer to this compilation of values for a much more extensive list.

4. CONVERSION FACTORS
The factors below can be used to convert between different forms of Henry's
Constant.

H cp H cp H cc H bp
-
mol mol mol
m3 .Pa L.atm kg.atm
mol
H cp m3 .Pa 1 101.325 2478.96 101.630
mol
H cp L.atm 9.86923 103 1 24.4654 1.00301 1
H cc - 4.03395 104 4.08740 102 1 4.09970 102 7
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H H H H
-
mol
H bp kg.atm 9.83962 103 9.97000 101 24.3920 1 1
1
H xp atm 0.546182 55.3419 1353.96 55.5084

5. FURTHER READING
1. Chemical Engineering Volume 2, Fifth Edition

2. Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook, Eighth Edition

3. Compilation of Henry's Law Constants (Version 4.0) for Water as Solvent

Article Created: March 17, 2016

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ARTICLE TAGS

Gas Henry's Law Partial Pressure Pressure Vapour Pressure

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