Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Medication errors have great implications on the health and potential life of individuals.
It is estimated that an adverse drug event (ADE) occurs 1.5 million times annually in the United
States (Weant, Baker, & Bailey, 2014). At the patient level it presents risks to health by
increasing injury and exposure to death. Deaths due to medication errors are greater in the
United States than deaths due to car accidents, human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, and breast
cancer collectively (Shahrokhi, Ebrahimpour, & Ghodousi, 2013). Between 44,000 to 98,000
deaths occur yearly with a cost between $6-29 billion for compensation of these errors
liability coverage, increased health care costs, and longer hospitals stays.
which an error can be prevented. Previous steps include, prescribing, transcribing, and
dispensing where errors can originate. A common medication error is giving the wrong
medication to the right patient. With the fast paced schedule that nurses have in balancing care
for multiple patients, there is room for error. A nurse may confuse medications and give the
There are interventions that nurses can implement to reduce medical errors specifically
addressing administering the wrong medication to a patient. Most measures are cost effective and
simple to implement. They include the use of the automated dispensing cabinets, creating Safe
Hospitals have implemented the use of automated dispensing cabinets (ADC) which
indicate medication distribution according to patient. Nurses should always withdraw their
medications directly from the cabinet, not relying on any other employee to do so for their
patients. This will reduce the likelihood of giving the wrong medication to a patient.
Yoder, Schadewald, and Dietrich (2015), nurses have 14 interruptions per hour and 21% of
these interruptions occur during tasks such as medication delivery and verification when a high
risk to patient safety exists. Interruptions include, staff, patients, emergencies, and personal
matters. It is of utmost importance that nurses limit interruptions. Strategies include, notifying
colleagues that they are administering medications and avoiding other tasks until medications
have been distributed. A very effective strategy is the creation of Safe Zones that implement
quiet areas to prepare to administer medications, utilizing a check list for administration without
conversation, educating staff about avoiding conversations during administration, and utilizing a
The use of bar coding systems has proven to be helpful in identifying errors in dosage
and drug. Additionally, according to Weant et al. (2014), it assists in ensuring compliance with
Joint Commission recommendations for the consistent use of two patient identifiers. By
verifying the patients identity, the likelihood of the wrong patient error is reduced.
REDUCING MEDICATION ERRORS 4
Personal reflection
Of all of the medical errors, my greatest concern is giving a patient another patients
medicine. I have observed multiple ways of medication distribution by the nurses I have
shadowed and observed techniques that I will implement into practice. As taught in our
program, I verify the medication at least three times, against the Medical Administration Record,
with the chart, and at the patients bedside. Prior to distribution of medications, I will look up
the patients lab values as well as ensure that they have very recent vitals taken. The software
that is used in the hospital provides lab values that permit or disallow medication distribution. I
will also employ an effective method that I have seen nurses use, the medicine bags with the
MAR printed per patient. Each patient has their own medicine bag with their name and
medication to reduce error. Additionally, when medications are scanned, the software informs us
if it is the correct medication and correct time. I will be very cognizant of the 6 rights, right
dose, time, patient, medication, route, and documentation. I entered this field to help patients and
Conclusion
With appropriate measures implemented to reduce medication errors, lives and careers
can be saved. It also serves as cost savings to providers. Facilities can take steps to reduce
References
Shahrokhi, A., Ebrahimpour, F., & Ghodousi, A. (2013). Factors effective on medication errors:
Weant, K., Bailey, A., & Baker, S. (2014). Strategies for reducing medication errors in
https://doi.org/10.2147/OAEM.S64174
Yoder, M., Schadewald, D., & Dietrich, K. (2015). The effect of a safe zone on nurse
Nursing, 38(2),140-151.