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Fig 1 Categories of Biomedical Waste 5
Option Waste Category Treatment & Disposal
Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste incineration @/deep burial*
(human tissues, organs, body parts)

Category No. 2 Animal Waste incineration@/deep burial*

(animal tissues, organs, body parts
carcasses, bleeding parts, fluid, blood and
experimental animals used in research,
waste generated by veterinary hospitals,
colleges, discharge from hospitals, animal
houses)
Category No. 3 Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste local autoclaving/micro-
(Wastes from laboratory cultures, stocks waving/incineration@
or micro-organisms live or vaccines,
human and animal cell culture used in
research and infectious agents from
research and industrial laboratories,
wastes from production of biological,
toxins, dishes and devices used for
transfer of cultures)
Category No. 4 Waste Sharps disinfection (chemical treatment
(needles, syringes, scalpels, blade, glass, @@@/auto calving/microwaving and
etc. that may cause puncture and cuts. mutilation/shredding##
This includes both used and unused
sharps)
Category No. 5 Discarded Medicines and Cytotoxic incineration@/destruction and drugs
drugs disposal in secured landfills
(Waste comprising of outdated,
contaminated and discarded medicines)

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Category No. 6 Soiled Waste incineration
(items contaminated with blood, autoclaving/microwaving
and body fluids including cotton,
dressings, soiled plaster casts,
lines, bedding, other material
contaminated with blood)
Category No. 7 Solid Waste disinfection by chemical
(Waste generated from disposal treatment@@
items other than the sharps such a autoclaving/microwaving and
Tubings, catheters, intravenous mutilation/shredding##
sets etc.)
Category No. 8 Liquid Waste disinfection by chemical
(Waste generated from laboratory treatment@@ and discharge
and washing, cleaning, into drains
housekeeping and disinfecting
activities)
Category No. 9 Incineration Ash disposal in municipal landfill
Ash from incineration of any bio-
medical waste)
Category No. 10 Chemical Waste chemical treatment@@ and
(Chemicals used in production of discharge into drains for liquids
biological, chemicals used in and secured landfill for solids
production of biological, chemicals
used in disinfection, as
insecticides, etc.)
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Fig 2 Biohazard symbol
Fig 3 Segregated Waste
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Fig 4 Cytotoxic waste label
 Colour Waste Treatment
Yellow Human and Animal anatomical waste/ Incineration/ Deep Burial
Microbiology waste and soiled
cotton/dressings/linen/beddings, etc.
Red Tubings, Catheters, IV Sets Autoclaving/ Microwaving/
Chemical Treatment

White / Blue Waste Sharps Autoclaving/ Microwaving/

(Needle, Syringes, Scalpel, Blades) Chemical Treatment and
Destruction/ Shredding
Black Discarded Medicines/ Cytotoxic Drugs, Disposal in secured Landfill
Incineration ash, Chemical waste

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Fig 5 Steam Sterilizer 28
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Fig 6 Sodium Hypochlorite 30
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Fig 7 Syringe Burner 32
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Fig 8 Microwave
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Fig 9 Incineration 38
Fig 9 Incineration
Fig 10 Plasma pyrolysis working sketch
Fig 11 Plasma pyrolysis plant
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