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    MATERIAL SCIENCE FIRST LAB 2017

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    MATERIAL SCIENCE FIRST LAB 2017

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    0 views24 pages

    First Lab PDF MAL201E (ITU)

    Uploaded by

    Shuaib Ismail
    MATERIAL SCIENCE FIRST LAB 2017

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 24
    Hucast eve 9122/2014 pezzi20ns 6" Materials Science Laboratory Tensile Test of Steel Tensile Tests In the Uniaxial Tensile Test: Tensile force is applied to the material (steel) in the axial direction. e Steel is used as reinforcement in reinforced concrete and as the main construction element in steel constructions. Tensile strength of concrete is very low when compared to steel, therefore tensile strength of steel has an important contribution to reinforced concrete. Tensile Tests « When a tensile force is applied to a material in axial direction, its length increases (it extends) and its cross-sectional area decreases. Eventually rupture (ductile fracture) occurs. Tensile Test — =< =m 9/22/2014 Steel Grade Classification (TS 708) +. According to hardness Class A (Natural) Class B (Hardened by Torsion) 2. According to yielding limits Type | (Min. Yield Strength 220 Mpa) Type Ill (Min. Yield Strength 420 MPa) X Type IV (Min. Yield Strength 500 MPa) 3. According to shape Plain Steel (D) Ribbed Stee! (N) Profile Steel (P) TYPES OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT oe Peo Ly ae De tee eg PRESTRESSING WIRES ———_ 9/22/2014 Tensile Test 1) Betwoon -A ‘Stain i ineac and eesti Hooke's Law can be applied \ rasue There iso plas stain, 2) Betwoon &-5(C) Sains elastic but not near i i ‘Yel itis just ator the eesti iit Flas Lin 8) Between B(C)T Propecia init e.:NieklStes inal tofs.2 phates) There are plastic deformations ip otinacures When th siooli¢ unloaded, the curve | f {goes back paral othe frst linear part | 9, Foxnge Sires oa. f 4) Beiwoen T-K (Sttiction — Necki 0 z 58° Deformation isnot uniform in his area, [Necking occurs before fracture (rupture) Tensile Test of a Steel Reinforce’ g Bar 4 inal diameter > =12.74){G7E) (Ribbed Stee aac it of the steel bar [gs sd WY using a compass (Plain Steel) 4. Nominal diameter [mm] 4. :Final diameter mm] A tnt aa of cross section [mn] P: Lead value om the machine eS 90 1441 [MPa 1 The distance betivoen the boas of the extensonnetes th Mt Change of gg gh 1m) = esi vent {| La eth Gr dai eaclon +5. | 1 Finale er duct eto 10/3/2016 Tensile Test dg: Final diameter (mm) ‘hg: Final area ofthe cross-section (mmm?) Vs Strction ate P= (Ar AVA, "100 Lg iil length for the ductity calculation —+ Lx=10d (mm) Lu Final length for the ductility calculation (rn) ce Duetlty —+ &<= (Lé-Llx ("100 for percentage) 9/22/2014 Der Bkinciog ln Waost Oakul Yilecz Abteorna Materials Science Mechanical Properties 4) Compressive Test on Concrete Specimen Aim: To obtain mechanical properties of concrete under compressive load by means of stress- strain diagram. * Stress P o=— A * Strain mE) c= + Frame and gauge + Pressing machine e180 mm & HeaD0 (Det mem & H=200 4) Compres: 4) Compressive Test on Concrete Specimen Materials and Equipments: + Cylindrical specimen may vary, ase ding ‘atest 2at qor10*mm) sive Test on Concrete Specimen ‘These should be taken into consideration while reading Al values: \Value which is read from the gauge Is 21 », 2A value is equal to 10° (read value) in mm 41) Compressive Testing of a Concrete Specimen Experimental setup and the testing procedure & il + For the experiment a cylindrical specimen with a size of 10220 oF 15:30 (cm) is used A frame and gauge with an initial distance of 1, are attached to the specimen. ‘*When a load of P1is applied to the specimen a stress of 6, forms. ‘Under load PA, the distance between A-B which may be called lp becomes 1, (NB). By using this value, €, which corresponds tothe stress value ois calculated. ‘Strain values for each stress value is calculated In this way and the stress-strain dlagram is drawn. | G4 BE 1) Compressive Test on Concrete Specimen How to write down the data? Ne Pan) | 20107 mn) | Gress Pay ‘Stain 2 70 3 2 co 4) Compressive Test on Concrete Specimen Properties of Stress-Strain Curve 4. Deformations increases 8 approaching to kes compressive strength point (Jya,) and the curve becomes skewed to x exis. Maximum point for the Y axis is the compressive ‘strength of the concrete and the corresponding point on the X axis is the maximum contraction. Before the point A (between 0-A) stress and strain values are in proportion. Hooke's Law can be ‘plied for this area. (Proportionality Limit) o The group of tests which aims to determine the properties of materials without destruction. * Ultrasound * Schmidt Hammer 2a) Non-Destructive Testing > Ultrasound “These are sound waves with a wave lenght of more than 16 kHz. ‘These waves can not propagate in air (void). ‘Waves move throughout the concrete much more time if voids ratio increases. V=L/t(km/s] ts) L mm) 2a) Non-Destructive Testing “f Ultrasound ‘Things to be considered: There should be no void between specimen and probes. AS 2 caution, a special gel should be used. «Temperature should be 5-30°C. 2a) Non-destructive Testing “Types of Schmidt Hammer 2a) Non-destructive Testing Schmidt Hammer Factors that affects the results: + Surface of specimen + Local differences + Carbonation on the surface + Humidity + Hit angle + Device calibration + Locate of reinforcement + Ete. 2a) Non-destructive Testing ¢ Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity: Exatorey? 2 g V: Ultrasound velocity (km/s) A: Specific gravity (kg/dm) 9: Gravitational acceleration (m/s?) E4: Dynamic modulus of elasticity (kg/cm?) 2a) Nondestructive Testing “Specific Gravity ~Graatas rm: Weight of specimen (kg) a,’a;‘ay: Volume(dm*) 1: Specific gravity (kg/dm*) 2b) Compression Test on Cubic Specimens analyzed through ultrasound test is ¥ The sample that has been and the compressive then tested under uniaxial compression strength is calculated. 2) Non-destructive Tests and Compression Test on Cubic Specimen > Report Order: 4. Ultrasound velocity. 2. Specific gravity, 3. Dynamic modulus of elasticity. 4. Average of Schmitdt Hammer readings. 5. Compressive strength 3) Bending Test on Concrete Prism "1 ee 3) Bendi ig (Flexural) Test on Concrete Prism SS pat Mga_,: Maximum bending moment (kgom) M ° Ww" *: Section Modulus(em®) ai FF Cage’ Flexural Strength(MPa) Pus 3) Bending (Flexural) Test of a Concrete Beam > Report Order: 4. Maximum Bending Moment 2. Section Modulus (W) 3. Flexural Strength (S OF Gpe,) Materials Science Laboratory Tensile Test of Steel Tensile Tests e In the Uniaxial Tensile Test: Tensile force is applied to the material (steel) in the axial direction. e Steel is used as reinforcement in reinforced concrete and as the main construction element in steel constructions. e Tensile strength of concrete is very low compared to steel, therefore tensile strength of steel has an important contribution to reinforced concrete. Tensile Tests When a tensile force is applied to a material in the axial direction, its length increases (it extends) and its cross-sectional area decreases. Eventually rupture (ductile fracture) occurs. Tensile Test > at Steel Grade Classification (TS 708) 1. According to hardness Class A (Natural) Class B (Hardened by Torsion) 2. According to yielding limits Type! (Min. Yield Strength 220 Mpa) Type Ill (Min. Yield Strength 420 MPa) Type IV (Min. Yield Strength 500 MPa) 3. According to shape Plain Steel (D) Ribbed Steel (N) Profile Steel (P) ai ee) tal 3 Pred PE ey A el ee Sh ee MU NAIL LU} PRESTRESSING BARS a Spannseassseenneeturepne encoun aaa Tensile Test ontdeig Meco 4) Between 0-8 Sain ineat and elastic. K Hooke’ Law can be appli. pave There no plastic stan 2) Between A-8(0) i Stains elastic but not naar { ep Bropornal Lint “Yio just attr he elastic it. oBasieLinit 3) Between &(0)T Niel Sees (xn tof2plaistn) There ao pase cefornations 6 } ‘When the steele unloaded, the cuve spo (ova back paral to the fist near pat o-, S}) between TK (Stidion = Necking Par) te 2 Deformation snot uniform in his are. ecung aces before fracture (UBL) Tensile Test of a Steel Reinforcing Bar sini diameter > d=12.78Y{GTE) (Ribbed tee) 4 Calulated by using a compass (Pain Ste!) G: Weight of thestee bart] L:Length ofthe stool ba [mm 6; Nominal diameter fm] 4 Final diameter [ou] _Asinitial area of cross section (mm) P: Load value from the machine [ke] orStress -» 0=(P/A,) [MPa] |: The distance between the beams of the extensometer, intial gaugelongsh (100 mm) ‘Al:Change of gauge length (x.10"mm) ‘Lg: Initial length for ductility caleulation —>T=S.¢ [mm] 1g: Final Tength for ductility calculation {mm} Tensile Test 4: Final diameter (mm) ‘Ac: Final area of the cross-section (mm?) Y: Striction rate = (Ar A,)/A, “100 {Lg Initial length for the ductility calculation — L,=8d (mm) Lg: Final length for the ductility calculation (mm) 4: Ductility — = (LyLy)/Lx (°100 for percentage) 10/5/2615 Experiments of Mechanical Properties 1. Compression Test on Concrete Cylinder No P(KN)_| 20100" mm) 1 Prost 2 Dimensions of Specimen: 3 4 3 ‘© Proportional Limit (o,) [MPa] 6 «Compressive Strength ( f.;0na,)[MPa] 1 «Strain at Compressive Strength (Ena) 9 ‘© Secant Modulus (E,)[MPa] 7 © Voellmy Parabole + -+) Fax Fmax 12 13 14 15 16 7 18 19 20 2. Non-Destructive Tests Ultrasound wave passing time (1) : ‘Ultrasound wave passing length (L): Ulirasound wave velocity [Km/sn] ‘Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity (B,)~ “Apparent specific gravity (0): ‘ Schmidt Rebound Numbers: Compressive Strength (2a) Mees Palle Lond (HJ DGGE Arithmetic mean of Schmidt Rebound Numbers Beat'vit V [kvsn} A (kg/dm®] g [avs*] Ey: ke/em? 3._Flexural Strength. Failure Load (2) [ke]: Specimen Dimensions (b,h.!) [em]: ‘Maximum Bending Moment (Miaex) Section Modulus (W) Flexural Strength (S) Mout them] 3 w—2 fom] s-Mex [kg/em*] Name: Number: CRN: P (kg) Al(10°mm) =e) ]

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