8.

6 Worked Examples for Design and Detailing

Two worked examples are given to show the design and detailing of

(1) an exterior joint with vertical joint shear reinforcement, and

(2) an interior joint without vertical joint shear reinforcement

Example 8.6-1 Design of exterior joint to HKConcrete2013

Fig. 8.6-1 shows the exterior joint of a reinforced concrete frame designed to

resist gravity loads and normal wind loads, with beam and column dimensions

and steel reinforcement as indicated. The frame storey height is 3.6 m. The

minimum design axial load of the column is 300 kN. Material strengths are fcu

= 35 N/mm2 and fy = 500 N/mm2. Design the joint reinforcement to

HKConcrete2013.

hc

350

3T32

hb 550

2T25

(a) (b)

550

T10@250
550
T10@250

8T32
(c)

Fig. 8.6-1 Exterior beam-column joint. (a) Beam-column connection; (b) beam cross-
section; (c) column cross-section of non-critical zones

269
Solution:

The maximum tension force in beam top reinforcing bars is

Tb1 = Asfy = 2413 500 10-3 = 1206.5 kN and Tb2 = 0 (an exterior joint).

For equilibrium,

As fy = 0.67fcu b(0.9x)

then the neutral axis depth of the beam

As f y As f y 1206.5 103
x 163 mm
0.9 0.67 f cu b 0.603 f cu b 0.603 35 350

The design moment applied at the join face is determined by

0.9 x 3 0.9 163

M u As f y d 1206.5 10 500 514.7 kNm
2 2
Column shears corresponding to this joint moment are calculated using the free

body of the column between mid-height inflection points (Fig. 8.6-2), given by

Vcol M u / lc 514.7 / 3.6 143.0 kN

Vcol

lc Mu =As fy d0.9x/2
= 514.7 kNm

Vcol

Fig. 8.6-2 Column shear calculated from free body of column between points of
contraflexure in Example 8.6-1

The total horizontal joint shear force

V jh Tb1 Vcol 1206.5 143.0 1063.5 kN

270
Checkk the horizoontal sheaar stress:
V jhh 1063.5 103
m2 0.2 f cu
33.52 N/mm mm2 , as reequired.
c 7 N/m
b j hc 550 550

For a ttwo-dimennsional jooint, Cj = 1.0.

1 Hencce the areaa of horizzontal joinnt shear

reinforrcement

V jh C j N * 1063.5 103 1.0 3000 103
A jhh 0.5 0.5
0.87 f yh
y 0.8 Ag f cu 0.87 500
5 0.8 55002 35
m 2
1136 mm

Providde 3 sets of 206 mm2 > Ajh =

m centress (Asv = 12
o T16 2-leg hoop at 150 mm

mm2), thuss giving a hoop ratioo of joint

1136 m
Asvv , j 1206 / 3
2.68 ,
sv , j 1500

with 3 sets of 2T
T10 cross-ties (one in each direction)
d at
a 150 mm
m centres.

joincore 55
5

3
32T10@150
550

3T16@150

8T32

Deetailing for Ajh

From tthe colum mn non-crritical zon

mn section,, hoops inn the colum ne are T100@250,
Asv ,c 157
thus giiving a column hoopp ratio 0.628 .
sv ,c 250

Checkk the requirrement off horizontaal transverrse joint reeinforcemeent:

Asvv , j Asv ,c
2.68 00.628 . Th
his is satisffactory.
sv , j sv , c

271
The vertical joint shear force
hb 550
V jv V jh 1063.5 1063.5 kN
hc 550

The area of vertical joint shear reinforcement

0.4V jv C j N * 0.4 1063.5 103 1.0 300 103
A jv 288.3 mm2
0.87 f yv 0.87 500

The middle main column bar (T32) at each vertical face of the joint may be

used to serve as an intermediate bar. However, the spacing of main column bars

is larger than 200 mm; hence provide two intermediate bars (2T12) at each

vertical face of the joint. The arrangement of joint reinforcement is shown in

Fig. 8.6-3.

550

32T10@150
550
3T16@150

8T32 8T12 Intermediate bars

(a) Joint core

Main column bars

125

3 sets
T16@150

125

2T12 intermediate bars at

each vertical face of joint

(b) Column
Fig. 8.6-3 Reinforcement details of the exterior joint

272
 Example 8.6-2 Design of interior joint to HKConcrete2013

Fig. 8.6-4 shows the interior joint of a reinforced concrete frame building, with

beam and column dimensions and reinforcing steel as indicated. The frame is

designed to carry gravity and normal wind loads, and the storey height is 3.7 m.

The minimum design axial load of the column is 2500 kN. Material strengths

are fcu = 35 N/mm2 and fy = 500 N/mm2. Design the joint reinforcement.

hc

350

4T32

hb 700

2T32

(a) (b)

600

T10@250

600

T10@250
(c)
12T32

Fig. 8.6-4 Interior beam-column joint. (a) Beam-column connection; (b) beam
cross-section; (c) column cross-section of non-critical zones

Solution:

The maximum tension forces in beam top and bottom reinforcing bars are

Tb1 = As1 fy = 3217 500 10-3 = 1608.5 kN

Tb2 = As2 fy = 1608 500 10-3 = 804 kN

273
From equilibrium, As fy = 0.67fcub(0.9x); then x = As fy /(0.603fcub). Hence for

the beam top and bottom reinforcement,

As1 f y 1608.5 103

xb1 218 mm
0.603 f cu b 0.603 35 350
As 2 f y 804 103
xb 2 109 mm
0.603 f cu b 0.603 35 350

The corresponding design moments applied at the join faces are

0.9 xb1 3 0.9 218

M u1 As1 f y d 1608.5 10 630 855.6 kNm
2 2
0.9 xb 2 3 0.9 109
M u 2 As 2 f y d 804 10 630 467.1 kNm
2 2

Column shears corresponding to the joint moments shown in Fig. 8.6-5 are

calculated by

M M u 2 855.6 467.1 10
6
Vcol u1 357.5 kN
lc 3700

Vcol

lc Mu2 = Mu1 =
As2 fy d0.9xb2/2 As1 fy d0.9xb1/2
= 467.1 kNm = 855.6 kNm

Vcol

Fig. 8.6-5 Column shear calculated from free body of column between points of
contraflexure in Example 8.6-2

274
There are two looad cases which coorrespond to the joiint horizonntal shearr forces

calculaated by Eqs
E (8.1) and (8.2), respectivvely. Sinnce the buuilding frrame is

designned to carrry both grravity andd normal wind

w loadss, a more critical value of

the joiint horizonntal shear should bee determinned using Eq. (8.2). Therefoore, the

horizontal joint shear forcce

V jh Tb1 Tb 2 Vcol 1608.5

1 804
8 357.55 2055 kN
k

Checkk the horizoontal sheaar stress:

V jhh 2055 103
5.771 N/mm 2 0.2 f cu 7 N/mm
m 2 . This iss satisfacto
ory.
b j hc 600 600

For a two-dimensional jooint, Cj = 1.0; hencce the areaa of horizontal joinnt shear

reinforrcement

V jh C j N * 2055 101 3 1.0 25000 103
A jhh 0.5 0.5
0.87 f yh
y 0.8 Ag f cu 0.87 500 0.8 60002 35
m 2
1190 mm

Providde 3 sets of m2 > Ajh = 1190

o T16 hooop at 2000 mm centtres (Asv = 1206 mm

mm2), thus givinng a hoop ratio of jooint

Asvv , j 1206 / 3
2.01
sv , j 0
200

T10 cross--ties (two in each diirection).

with 3 sets of 4T

jointcore
600

34
4T10@200
600

T16@200
3

12T32

Deetailing for Ajh

275
From the column section, hoops in the column non-critical zone are T10@250,
Asv ,c 157
thus giving a column hoop ratio 0.63 .
sv ,c 250

Check the requirement of horizontal transverse joint reinforcement:

Asv , j Asv ,c
2.01 0.63. This is satisfactory.
sv , j sv ,c

The vertical joint shear force

hb 700
V jv V jh 2055 2397.5 kN
hc 600

The area of vertical joint shear reinforcement

0.4V jv C j N * 0.4 2397.5 103 1.0 2500 103
A jv 0
0.87 f yv 0.87 500

Hence, no vertical joint shear reinforcement is required.

The arrangement of joint reinforcement is shown in Fig. 8.6-6.

jointcore 600

150
34T10@200
3 sets
600
T16@200
3T16@200
150
12T32

Fig. 8.6-6 Reinforcement details for the interior joint

276
References of Chapter 8

8.1 NZS 3101 (2006). Concrete Structure Standard. Part 1: The Design of

Concrete Structures & Part 2: Commentary on The Design of Concrete

Structures. Standards New Zealand, Wellington.

8.2 Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 352 (2002). Recommendations for Design of

Beam-Column Connections in Monolithic Reinforced Concrete Structures.

American Concrete Institute, Famington Hills, Michigan.

8.3 Paulay T, Park R and Priestley MJN (1978). Reinforced concrete beam-

column joints under seismic actions. ACI Journal, 75(11), 585-593.

277