Examples

1. Example
Calculate the transition enthalpy of graphite to diamond under standard conditions. Use the follow-
ing reactions:

C(graphite)(s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g); R H298 0 = 393.5 kJ mol1 [1]

C(diamond)(s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g); R H298 0 = 395.4 kJ mol1 [2]

2. Example
Calculate the enthalpy of formation of ethane C2 H6 from the elements using the following combus-
tion reactions:

C(graphite)(s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g); c H298 0 = 393.5 kJ mol1 [3]

1
H2 (g) + O2 (g) H2 O(l); c H298 0 = 285.8 kJ mol1 [4]
2
7
C2 H6 (g) + O2 (g) 2 CO2 (g) + 3 H2 O(l); c H298 0 = 1559.7 kJ mol1 [5]
2

3. Example
Calculate the enthalpy of reaction R H298 0 at p = const and the energy of reaction R U298 0 at
V = const for the catalytic combustion of ammonia to H2 O(l) and NO(g). Assume ideal behavior of the
gaseous components.

Data:
F H298 0 (H2 O(l)) = 285.9 kJ mol1 ;
F H298 0 (NH3 (g)) = 46.0 kJ mol1 ;
F H298 0 (NO(g)) = 90.4 kJ mol1

4. Example Calculate the change in enthalpy and entropy, when 1 mol of ice is heated under atmo-
spheric pressure from 10 C to 150 C.

Data:
m H273 0 (H2 O) = 5.98 kJ mol1 ;
vap H373 0 (H2 O) = 40.88 kJ mol1 ;
cp 0 (H2 O(s)) = 36.9 J mol1 K1 ;
cp 0 (H2 O(l)) = 75.5 J mol1 K1 ;
cp 0 (H2 O(g)) = 30.36 J mol1 K1 +[9.62 103 J mol1 K2 ]T + [1.18 106 J mol1 K3 ]T 2