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Plaintiff, :
: COMPLAINT
-against-
:
VINOTEMP INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION, JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
:
Defendant.
:
---------------------------------------------------------------- x
Plaintiff Wine Enthusiast, Inc. (Wine Enthusiast or Plaintiff), by and through its
undersigned counsel, as and for its Complaint against Defendant Vinotemp International
1. This is a declaratory judgment action arising under the Declaratory Judgment Act,
28 U.S.C. 2201 et. seq., the Trademark Act, 15 U.S.C. 1051 et seq. and the Patent Act, 35
U.S.C. 1, et seq.
2. In a bad faith attempt to stifle legitimate competition in the wine storage industry,
Defendant Vinotemp has alleged that Wine Enthusiasts marketing, advertising, distribution and
sale of standard rectangular-shaped wine refrigerators with framed glass doors and black shelf
fronts infringes Vinotemps purported trade dress and design patent rights. Vinotemp's claims
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Case 1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document 1 Filed 09/06/17 Page 2 of 19
3. Vinotemp has no federal trade dress registration, nor can it establish that it has
any trade dress rights in common-place, ubiquitous design features and colors of wine storage
systems manufactured, marketed, advertised, distributed and sold for years by numerous
trade dress and Wine Enthusiasts wine refrigerators given their obvious dissimilarities and the
marketplace conditions under which they are sold. As such, Wine Enthusiast seeks declarations
that Vinotemp lacks any protectable trade dress rights in its wine storage systems and that Wine
Enthusiasts wine refrigerators are not confusingly similar to and do not infringe any of
4. While Vinotemp obtained U.S. Design Patent No. D711,936 (the D936 Patent)
for a specific ornamental design for a black wine rack shelf front, the shelf faces of Wine
Enthusiasts wine refrigerators are plainly dissimilar from the design claimed in the D936 Patent,
especially in light of the prior art disclosing other black wine rack faces. Moreover, the
existence of such prior art years before Vinotemp filed its patent application warrants
invalidation of the D936 Patent. Wine Enthusiast thus seeks declarations that Wine Enthusiast
has not infringed the D936 Patent and that the D936 Patent is invalid under the Patent Act.
THE PARTIES
5. Plaintiff Wine Enthusiast is a corporation organized and existing under the laws
of the State of New York, with offices located at 200 Summit Lake Drive, 4th Floor, Valhalla,
NY 10595.
existing under the laws of the State of California, with offices located at 16782 Von Karman
Avenue, Suite 15, Irvine, CA 92606 and 17621 South Susana Road, Rancho Dominguez, CA
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Case 1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document 1 Filed 09/06/17 Page 3 of 19
90221, and regularly does and/or transacts business within this judicial District.
7. This action arises under the Trademark and Patent Laws of the United States, 15
U.S.C. 1051 et seq. and 35 U.S.C. 1 et seq., and seeks a specific remedy based upon the
laws authorizing actions for declaratory judgment in the courts of the United States, 28 U.S.C.
2201 and 2202. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this action pursuant to 28 U.S.C.
FACTS
9. Husband and wife Adam and Sybil Strum founded Wine Enthusiast over 30 years
ago. Lovers of all things related to wine, the Strums started a wine accoutrement catalog out of
the attic of their New York City suburban home in the early-1980s. From that small room, Wine
Enthusiast has grown into a world-renowned marketer, advertiser, distributor and seller of wine
10. Since 2012, Wine Enthusiast has marketed, advertised, distributed and sold the
Evolution series of wine refrigerators, examples of which are shown in Exhibit A hereto and
below:
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Case 1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document 1 Filed 09/06/17 Page 4 of 19
11. Like myriad wine storage systems marketed for years by Wine Enthusiast and
numerous third parties, Wine Enthusiasts Evolution series wine refrigerators are rectangular in
shape and feature a framed glass front door. The Evolution series wine refrigerators originally
were offered with natural wood shelf fronts. Subsequently, Wine Enthusiast began marketing
the Evolution series wine refrigerators with optional black metal shelf fronts, as shown below:
12. As shown in the below enlarged images, each black shelf front of Wine
(a) Has a height approximately two times its depth, creating a block-
like appearance;
(c) Attaches to the shelf only at one linear point on the shelf bottom;
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Case 1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document 1 Filed 09/06/17 Page 5 of 19
13. Upon information and belief, black shelf fronts in various shapes, textures and
materials are and have been for decades a common feature of numerous third party rectangular
wine storage systems, including several with framed glass doors. For example, and without
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Case 1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document 1 Filed 09/06/17 Page 6 of 19
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Case 1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document 1 Filed 09/06/17 Page 10 of 19
21. The claim in the D936 Patent is limited to the precise figures drawn in the patent
(excluding dashed lines), as shown in solid black in the patent and replicated below:
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Case 1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document 1 Filed 09/06/17 Page 11 of 19
22. The D936 Patent essentially claims a black wine shelf front that:
(a) Has a height approximately six times its depth, creating a very thin
stick-like appearance;
(b) Attaches flush with the bottom of the shelf to which it is attached;
(d) Attaches to the shelf sides in two places (at the top and bottom);
(f) Covers part of the top of the shelf sides to which it is attached.
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Case 1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document 1 Filed 09/06/17 Page 12 of 19
23. These attributes are clearly demonstrated by, among other things, the left side
view of the shelf face shown in figure 5 in the D936 Patent, highlighted below for convenience:
24. Although Vinotemp has no protection over the design denoted by dashed dotted
lines in the D936 Patent, the claimed design in black and any claim of infringement thereof must
be analyzed in the environment in which the design appears. Thus, although the sides of the
shelf are not claimed as part of the D936 Patent, the front shelf design that is claimed in the
Patent can only obtain its claimed novelty (such as looping over the top of the shelf but not at the
25. On or about July 31, 2017, counsel for Vinotemp sent a demand letter (the
Demand Letter) to Wine Enthusiast, claiming that Wine Enthusiasts marketing and sale of the
Evolution series wine refrigerator infringed Vinotemps rights in the D936 Patent and purported
trade dress rights in the design of its wine refrigerators. The Demand Letter demanded that Wine
Enthusiast cease all sales of its Evolution series wine refrigerators with black shelf fronts and
pay damages to Vinotemp under the Patent and Trademark Acts. The Demand Letter
specifically threatened that Vinotemp would file a federal lawsuit against Wine Enthusiast
should Wine Enthusiast not comply with Vinotemps demands. A true and correct copy of
26. Wine Enthusiast denies the allegations set forth in the Demand Letter.
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Case 1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document 1 Filed 09/06/17 Page 13 of 19
(a) Vinotemp has no valid trade dress rights in the design of its wine
refrigerators;
wine refrigerator;
(c) Wine Enthusiast has not infringed the D936 Patent; and
Enthusiast and Wine Enthusiasts denial thereof have created a substantial, immediate and real
controversy between the parties as to the validity and enforceability of Vinotemps claimed
intellectual property rights and non-infringement of Vinotemps purported trade dress and the
D936 Patent. A valid and justiciable case or controversy thus has arisen and exists between
Vinotemp and Wine Enthusiast within the meaning of 28 U.S.C. 2201. A judicial
determination is necessary to determine Vinotemps patent and trade dress rights and the issue of
non-infringement. A judgment would serve a useful purpose in settling the legal issues, and a
judgment would resolve the controversy and offer relief from uncertainty.
COUNT I
(Declaration that Vinotemp Lacks Trade Dress
Rights in the Design of its Wine Refrigerators)
28. Wine Enthusiast repeats and realleges the allegations set forth in each and every
one of the foregoing paragraphs with the same force and effect as if set forth fully herein.
29. Vinotemp alleges in its Demand Letter that Vinotemp has trade dress rights in
30. Vinotemp does not have a federal trademark registration for its claimed trade
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Case 1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document 1 Filed 09/06/17 Page 14 of 19
dress. Thus, Vinotemp has the burden: (1) to identify its unregistered trade dress with the
requisite particularity; (2) to show that its unregistered trade dress is distinctive, in that it is
recognized by consumers as indicating the source of Vinotemps products; and (3) to show that
its unregistered trade dress is non-functional. See Yurman Design, Inc. v. PAJ, Inc., 262 F.3d
101 (2d Cir. 2001); Wal-Mart Stores v. Samara Bros., 529 U.S. 205 (2000); Traffix Devices v.
Mktg. Displays, 532 U.S. 23 (2001). Vinotemp cannot show any element required for trade dress
protection.
31. First, Vinotemp has failed to identify its trade dress with the required
particularity. Vinotemps Demand Letter claims generally that Vinotemp has distinctive trade
dress in its popular designs. Vinotemps broad generalization and failure to explain . . .
exactly which aspects of its product design(s) merit protection . . . indicate that its claim is
pitched at an improper level of generality, i.e., [Vinotemp] seeks protection for an unprotectible
style, theme or idea. Landscape Forms, Inc. v. Columbia Cascade Co., 113 F.3d 373, 381 (2d
Cir. 1997). Vinotemps allegations in its Demand Letter that its trade dress includes wine racks
having black lips that can be seen through a glass door (emphasis added) does not meet
Vinotemps burden of defining trade dress with the requisite specificity. Indeed, Vinotemps
various wine refrigerators differ significantly in design, present no consistent look, and there are
inherently distinctive. See Samara Bros., 529 U.S. at 210. Vinotemp has the burden to show
that its trade dress has acquired distinctiveness through secondary meaningthat in the minds of
the public, the primary significance of the trade dress is to identify the source of the product
rather than the product itself. Given the extensive and long-term third party use of rectangular
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Case 1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document 1 Filed 09/06/17 Page 15 of 19
shaped wine refrigerators with framed glass doors and black shelf fronts, among other factors,
33. Vinotemp cannot show that its claimed trade dress is non-functional. The
producer to control a useful product feature. Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Prods. Co., Inc., 514
U.S. 159, 164 (1995). Trade dress will be deemed functional if: (1) it is essential to the use or
purpose of the product; (2) it affects the cost or quality of the product; or (3) especially when
disadvantage. See Qualitex, 514 U.S. at 165; TrafFix Devices, 532 U.S. at 33-34. Vinotemps
alleged trade dress is functional because it serves utilitarian purposes for wine storage, and
affects the cost and quality of the product by using basic and attractive features that consumers
are accustomed to seeing. Moreover, protecting these basic features, including black shelf fronts
in wine refrigerators with glass doors, would put Wine Enthusiast and third parties in the wine
34. The Court thus should declare that Vinotemp lacks trade dress
rights in the design of its wine refrigerators because its claimed trade dress lacks specificity, is
COUNT II
(Declaration that Wine Enthusiast Has Not Infringed
Vinotemps Purported Trade Dress Rights)
35. Wine Enthusiast repeats and realleges the allegations set forth in each and every
one of the foregoing paragraphs with the same force and effect as if set forth fully herein.
36. To establish trade dress infringement, Vinotemp has the burden to prove: (1) the
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Case 1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document 1 Filed 09/06/17 Page 16 of 19
existence of valid trade dress; and (2) that consumers are likely to be confused, mistaken or
deceived that Wine Enthusiasts products originate from or are sponsored or endorsed by
37. For the reasons discussed above, Vinotemp has no protectible or valid trade dress
rights.
38. Nor can there be any likelihood of consumer confusion between Wine
Enthusiasts and Vinotemps refrigerators. The facial dissimilarities between the parties designs
precludes any likely confusion. Moreover, rectangular shaped wine refrigerators with framed
glass doors and black shelf fronts have been commonplace in the market for decades, so that any
purported rights Vinotemp claims in such trade dress are weak. The parties use of their very
their wine refrigerators further eliminates any possibility of confusion. Additionally, Wine
Enthusiast had no intent to usurp any alleged goodwill of Vinotemp or cause consumer confusion
39. The Court thus should declare that Wine Enthusiast has not infringed Vinotemps
alleged trade dress rights because Vinotemp lacks trade dress rights and there is no likelihood of
consumer confusion.
COUNT III
(Declaration that Wine Enthusiast Has Not Infringed the D936 Patent)
40. Wine Enthusiast repeats and realleges the allegations set forth in each and every
one of the foregoing paragraphs with the same force and effect as if set forth fully herein.
41. To establish design patent infringement, Vinotemp has the burden to prove that
an ordinary observer, familiar with the prior art, would be deceived into thinking that the
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Case 1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document 1 Filed 09/06/17 Page 17 of 19
accused design was the same as the patented design. Egyptian Goddess, Inc. v. Swisa, Inc., 543
In some instances, the claimed design and the accused design will be sufficiently
distinct that it will be clear without more that the patentee has not met its burden
of proving the two designs would appear substantially the same to the ordinary
observer . . . . In other instances, when the claimed and accused designs are not
plainly dissimilar, resolution of the question whether the ordinary observer would
consider the two designs to be substantially the same will benefit from a
comparison of the claimed and accused designs with the prior art . . . .
Id. at 678.
42. As shown in the below side by side comparison, and in light of the characteristics
of the D936 Patent and Wine Enthusiast Evolution series wine refrigerators enumerated above,
Wine Enthusiasts product design is so distinct from the shelf front design claimed in the D936
Patent such that an ordinary observer, even unaware of prior wine refrigerator shelf front
designs, would not be deceived into thinking that Wine Enthusiasts design was the same as the
43. Consideration of the prior artincluding the EuroCave and U-Line wine
refrigerators with black shelf fronts referenced abovefurther ensures that ordinary observers
would not be deceived into thinking that Wine Enthusiasts wine refrigerator design was the
44. The Court thus should declare that Wine Enthusiast has not infringed Vinotemps
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Case 1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document 1 Filed 09/06/17 Page 18 of 19
COUNT IV
(Declaration that the D936 Patent Is Invalid)
45. Wine Enthusiast repeats and realleges the allegations set forth in each and every
one of the foregoing paragraphs with the same force and effect as if set forth fully herein.
46. The single design claim in the D936 Patent is invalid because it fails to meet the
conditions of patentability and/or otherwise comply with one or more of 35 U.S.C. 100 et
seq., including, but not limited to, 35 U.S.C. 101, 102, 103 and 112., especially in light of the
wine rack shelf front designs disclosed in the prior art, including the third party EuroCave and U-
47. The Court thus should declare that Vinotemps D936 Patent is invalid.
WHEREFORE, Plaintiff Wine Enthusiast respectfully request that this Court enter
judgment in favor of Plaintiff Wine Enthusiast and against Defendant Vinotemp, and issue an
Order:
A. Declaring that Vinotemp lacks trade dress rights in the designs of its wine
refrigerators;
B. Declaring that Wine Enthusiast has not infringed any alleged trade dress rights
C. Declaring that Wine Enthusiast has not infringed the D936 Patent;
E. Declaring that Vinotemp made its claims in the Demand Letter in bad faith;
F. Ordering that, to the extent permitted by law or statute, Wine Enthusiast recover
its reasonable attorneys fees from Vinotemp, together with the costs of this action;
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Case 1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document 1 Filed 09/06/17 Page 19 of 19
G. Ordering that Wine Enthusiast be granted such other and further relief as the court
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Case 1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document 1-1 Filed 09/06/17 Page 1 of 8
EXHIBIT A
9/1/2017 Evolution Document
Case 1:17-cv-06782-DLC Series Wine Refrigerators
1-1 Filed - Wine09/06/17
Enthusiast Page 2 of 8
READ ABOUT WINE BUY WINE ACCESSORIES BUY WINE GIFT REGISTRY SUBSCRIBE
CUSTOM CELLARS COOLING + STORAGE FURNITURE GLASSWARE HOUSEWARES ACCESSORIES GIFTS OUTLET
DEPARTMENT
Gift Ideas
Wine Refrigerators
TYPE
51 - 100 Bottle Wine
Refrigerators
Dual Zone Wine Refrigerators
Wine & Beverage Centers
PRICE
$101 - $500
$501 - $1000 Showing 4 Results for Evolution Series Wine Refrigerators
BOTTLE COUNT
Sort by: | Top Sellers | Newest | Price: Low to High | Price: High to Low | Customer Rating
51 - 100
free shipping
Evolution Series Wine & Beverage
Center
$249.00
http://www.wineenthusiast.com/evolution-series-wine-refrigerators/ 1/2
9/1/2017 80-Bottle
Case Evolution Series Wine Refrigerator
1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document (Glass Door
1-1 withFiled
Black Stainless
09/06/17 Steel Trim)
Page - Wine
3 ofEnthusiast
8
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Home > Evolution Series Wine Refrigerators > 80-Bottle Evolution Series Wine Refrigerator (Glass Door with Black Stainless Steel Trim)
SUBTOTAL: $799.00
+ FREE DOOR-TO-DOOR DELIVERY(REG. $150 EA.)
In Stock
QUANTITY 1
Item # 268 78 80 03
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9/1/2017 80-Bottle
Case Evolution Series Wine Refrigerator
1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document (Glass Door
1-1 withFiled
Black Stainless
09/06/17 Steel Trim)
Page - Wine
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Home > Evolution Series Wine Refrigerators > 80-Bottle Evolution Series Wine Refrigerator (Glass Door with Black Stainless Steel Trim)
SUBTOTAL: $799.00
+ FREE DOOR-TO-DOOR DELIVERY(REG. $150 EA.)
Backordered: This item will ship on September 25th
QUANTITY 1
Item # 268 78 80 01
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9/1/2017 73-Bottle Evolution Series Dual Zone WineDocument
Case 1:17-cv-06782-DLC Refrigerator (Glass
1-1 Door with Black
Filed Stainless Steel
09/06/17 Page Trim)
5- of
Wine
8 Enthusiast
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Home > Evolution Series Wine Refrigerators > 73-Bottle Evolution Series Dual Zone Wine Refrigerator (Glass Door with Black Stainless Steel Trim)
SUBTOTAL: $799.00
+ FREE DOOR-TO-DOOR DELIVERY(REG. $150 EA.)
In Stock
QUANTITY 1
Item # 268 78 73 03
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9/1/2017 73-Bottle Evolution Series Dual Zone WineDocument
Case 1:17-cv-06782-DLC Refrigerator (Glass
1-1 Door with Black
Filed Stainless Steel
09/06/17 Page Trim)
6- of
Wine
8 Enthusiast
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Home > Evolution Series Wine Refrigerators > 73-Bottle Evolution Series Dual Zone Wine Refrigerator (Glass Door with Black Stainless Steel Trim)
SUBTOTAL: $799.00
+ FREE DOOR-TO-DOOR DELIVERY(REG. $150 EA.)
Backordered: This item will ship on October 30th
QUANTITY 1
Item # 268 78 73 02
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9/1/2017 52-Bottle
Case Evolution Series Wine Refrigerator
1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document (Glass Door
1-1 withFiled
Black Stainless
09/06/17 Steel Trim)
Page - Wine
7 ofEnthusiast
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Home > Evolution Series Wine Refrigerators > 52-Bottle Evolution Series Wine Refrigerator (Glass Door with Black Stainless Steel Trim)
SUBTOTAL: $599.00
+ FREE SHIPPING(REG. $140 EA.)
Backordered: This item will ship on October 30th
QUANTITY 1
Item # 268 78 52 03
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9/1/2017 52-Bottle
Case Evolution Series Wine Refrigerator
1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document (Glass Door
1-1 withFiled
Black Stainless
09/06/17 Steel Trim)
Page - Wine
8 ofEnthusiast
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Home > Evolution Series Wine Refrigerators > 52-Bottle Evolution Series Wine Refrigerator (Glass Door with Black Stainless Steel Trim)
SUBTOTAL: $599.00
+ FREE SHIPPING(REG. $140 EA.)
Backordered: This item will ship on September 25th
QUANTITY 1
Item # 268 78 52 02
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Case 1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document 1-2 Filed 09/06/17 Page 1 of 41
EXHIBIT B
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1-2
Case 1:17-cv-06782-DLC Document
8Filed
9
09/06/17 Page 2 of 41
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09/06/17 Page 27 of 41
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09/06/17
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09/06/17
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09/06/17
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Page 35 of 41
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1-2 909/06/17
Page 36 of 41
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1-2 909/06/17
Page 37 of 41
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1-2 909/06/17
Page 38 of 41
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Page 39 of 41
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1-2 909/06/17
Page 41 of 41
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EXHIBIT C
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EXHIBIT D
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