East Asia

East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent, which can be defined in either geographical[3] or pan-
ethno-cultural[4] terms. Geographically and geopolitically, it includes China (including Hong Kong and Macau),
East Asia
aiwan; it covers about 12,000,000 km2 (4,600,000 sq mi), or about
Mongolia, South Korea, North Korea, Japan and T
28% of the Asian continent. GDP(PPP) of East Asia is 32.4 trillion while Nominal GDP is 19.1 trillion USD.

East Asians comprise around 1.6 billion people. About 38% of the population of Asia and 22%, or over one fifth, of
world's population lives in East Asia. Although the coastal and riparian areas of the region form one of the world's
most populated places, the population in Mongolia and Western China, both landlocked areas, is very sparsely
distributed, with Mongolia having the lowest population density of a sovereign state. The overall population density
of the region is 133 inhabitants per square kilometre (340/sq mi), about three times the world average of 45/km2
(120/sq mi).

Historically, societies in East Asia have been part of the Chinese cultural sphere, and East Asian vocabulary and
scripts are often derived from Classical Chinese and Chinese script. Major religions include Buddhism (mostly
Mahayana[5]), Confucianism or Neo-Confucianism, Taoism, Chinese folk religion in China and Taiwan, Shinto in
Japan, Korean shamanism in Korea. Shamanism is also prevalent among Mongolians and other indigenous States China
populations of northern East Asia such as the Manchus and Ewenki.[6][7] Islam is popular in Northwest China and Japan
Kazaks in Mongolia.The Chinese calendar is the root from which many other East Asian calendars are derived. Mongolia
South Korea
North Korea
Taiwan[1][2]
Contents Dependencies Hong Kong

1 History Macau

2 United Nations Statistics Division Major cities List

2.1 Alternative definitions
Shanghai
3 Economy
Beijing
4 Territorial and regional data
Guangzhou
4.1 Etymology
4.2 Demographics Chongqing
4.3 Major ethnic groups Tianjin

5 Culture Harbin
5.1 Overview rmqi
5.2 Religions Hong Kong
5.3 Festivals Macau
6 Collaboration Tokyo
6.1 East Asian Youth Games
Yokohama
6.2 Free trade agreements
Osaka
6.3 Military alliances
Nagoya
7 Major cities and towns
Sapporo
8 See also
Fukuoka
9 Notes
Kobe
10 References
Seoul
11 External links
Busan
Incheon
Daegu
History Daejeon
The Chinese Dynasties dominated this region culturally and militarily for a lengthy period of time. Cultural and Ulsan
religious exchange between the Chinese and other regional East Asian Dynasties and Kingdoms occurred. Gwangju
Pyongyang
As connections with the Western world strengthened, China's power began to diminish. Around the same time, Japan Gaeseong
solidified itself as a nation state. During World War II, Korea, Taiwan, much of eastern China, Hong Kong, and Sinuiju
Vietnam all fell under Japanese control. Following Japan's defeat in the war, the Korean peninsula became Ulaanbaatar
independent but then it was divided into two rival states, while Taiwan became the main territory of de facto state Darkhan
Republic of China after the latter lost mainland China to thePeople's Republic of Chinain the Chinese Civil War. Erdenet
New Taipei
United Nations Statistics Division Taichung
Kaohsiung
Taipei
The UNSD definition of East Asia is based on statistical convenience,[8] but also other common definitions of East Taoyuan
Asia contain the entirety of China (including Mainland, Hong Kong, Macau), Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, Tainan
Japan and Taiwan.[3][9] Others

Culturally, China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam are commonly seen as being encompassed by cultural East Area[note 1]
Asia (East Asian cultural sphere).[4][10][11][12] Total 11,839,074 km2
(4,571,092 sq mi)
Population (2016)[note 2]
Alternative definitions Total 1,641,908,531
There are mixed debates around the world whether these countries or regions should be considered in East Asia or Density 140/km2 (360/sq mi)
not. Languages Chinese Japanese
and language Korean Mongolian
Vietnam (officially part of Southeast Asia geographically, although culturally it is a partof the East families Taiwanese language
Asian cultural sphere, politically, it is related to both Southeast Asia and East Asia) Tibetan Others
Siberia in Russia (often described asNorth Asia due to its location, although this part of Russia is
often seen as more closely related to its East Asian neighbours)
Sovereignty issues exist over someterritories in the South China Sea. East Asia
In business and economics, "East Asia" is sometimes used to refer to a wide geographical area covering ten Southeast Chinese name
Asian countries in ASEAN, People's Republic of China, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea. However, in this context, the Simplified Chinese /
term "Far East" is often more appropriate which covers ASEAN countries and the countries in East Asia. However, being
Traditional Chinese /
a Eurocentric term, Far East describes the region's geographical position in relation to Europe rather than its location
Transcriptions
within Asia. Alternatively, the term "Asia Pacific Region" is often used in describing East Asia, Southeast Asia as well as
Oceania. Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin Dngy or Dng
Observers preferring a broader definition of "East Asia" often use the term Northeast Asia to refer to the greater China
Yxy
area, Taiwan, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan, with Southeast Asia covering the ten ASEAN countries. This usage,
which is seen in economic and diplomatic discussions, is at odds with the historical meanings of both "East Asia" and WadeGiles Tung1-ya3
"Northeast Asia".[13][14][15] The Council on Foreign Relationsdefines Northeast Asia as Japan and Korea.[16] Wu
Romanization ton ia
Economy Gan
Romanization Tung1 nga3
GDP nominal GDP nominal per GDP PPP (2017) GDP PPP per
State/Territory billions of USD capita billions of USD capita Hakka
(2017)[17] USD (2017)[17] (2017)[17] USD (2017)[17] Romanization dung24 a31
China 11,937.562 8,583 23,122.027 16,624 Yue: Cantonese
Hong Jyutping dung1 aa3
334.104 44,999 453.019 61,015
Kong
Southern Min
Macau 51.160 79,563 73.579 114,430
Hokkien POJ Tang-a
Japan 4,884.489 38,550 5,405.072 42,659
Tibetan name
North
Korea
N/A N/A N/A N/A Tibetan
South
Vietnamese name
1529.743 29,730 2,026.651 39,387
Korea Vietnamese ng
Mongolia 10.869 3,553 38.395 12,551 alphabet

Taiwan 571.453 24,227 1175.308 49,827 Ch Hn

Korean name

Territorial and regional data Hangul /

/
Hanja /
Etymology /
Transcriptions
Revised Dong Asia/Dong
Romanization Asea/Dong A
Mongolian name
Mongolian

Transcriptions
SASM/GNC Dzuun Azi
Japanese name
Kana /
 Common Name Official Name
Flag
Exonym Endonym Exonym Endonym Kyjitai /
China People's Republic of China Shinjitai
/
Hong Kong Special
Hong Administrative Region Transcriptions
Kong
of the People's Republic of

China Revised Hepburn Higashi Ajia/T-A

Macao Special Administrative Kunrei-shiki Higasi Azia/Tou-A

Region Uyghur name
Macau of the People's Republic of

China Uyghur
Japan State of Japan Russian name

Russian

Mongolia Mongolia

Romanization Vostochnaja
North Democratic People's Republic (
Korea
of Korea )
Azija

South
Korea
Republic of Korea ()

/
Taiwan[18] Republic of China

Demographics

Population[19] Population density

State/Territory Area km2 HDI Capital
(2016) per km2
China 9,640,011[20] 1,403,500,365 138 0.727 Beijing

Hong Kong 1,104 7,302,843 6,390 0.912 Hong Kong

East Asia map of Kppen climate
Macau 30 612,167 18,662 0.892 Macau
classification.
Japan 377,930 127,748,513 337 0.891 Tokyo

North Korea 120,538 25,368,620 198 0.595 Pyongyang[21]

South Korea 100,210 50,791,919 500 0.898 Seoul

Mongolia 1,564,100 3,027,398 2 0.698 Ulaanbaatar

Taiwan 36,188 23,556,706 639 0.884 Taipei[22]

Major ethnic groups

UNSD geoscheme for Asia based on

statistic convenience rather than implying
any assumption regarding political or other
affiliation of countries or territories:[8]
North Asia
Central Asia
Western Asia
South Asia
East Asia
Southeast Asia
 Major
Ethnicity Native name Population Language(s) Writing system(s) Appearance
states/territories*

Mandarin,
Cantonese, Simplified Han
or , or Shanghainese, characters, ( )
Han/Han people 1,220,000,000[23] Hokkien, Hakka, Traditional Han

Gan, Hsiang, characters
etc.

() Han characters
Yamato/Japanese ( 125,117,000[24] Japanese (Kanji), Katakana,
) Hiragana

() Hangul, Han
Joseon/Korean 79,432,225[25] Korean
characters (Hanja)
()

Mongol script,
Mongols 8,942,528 Mongolian
Cyrillic script
/

Zhuang,
Simplified Han
Cantonese,
Zhuang /Bouxcuengh 18,000,000[26] characters, Latin
Southwestern
script
Mandarin, etc.

Northeastern
/ Mandarin, Simplified Han
Manchus 10,422,873[27] Manchurian characters,
(endangered), Mongol script
etc.

Northwestern
Mandarin, other
Simplified Han
Hui / 10,586,087[28] Chinese
characters
Dialects, Huihui
language, etc.

Uyghurs 10,069,346[29] Uyghur Arabic script [31]

Latin
[30]
 script(auxiliary)[30]

Hmong, Latin script,

Ghaob
Hmong/Miao 9,426,007[32] Southwestern Simplified Han
Xongb/Hmub/Mongb
Mandarin characters

Tibetan, Rgyal
Tibetans 6,500,000 Tibetan script
Rong, Rgu, etc.

Bai, Latin script,

Bai 1,858,063 Southwestern Simplified Han
Mandarin characters

Various Loloish,
Yi script, Simplified
Yi / 8,714,393 Southwestern
Han characters
Mandarin

Northern Tujia, Simplified Han

Tujia 8,353,912
Southern Tujia characters

Simplified Han
Kam Gaeml 2,879,974 Gaeml characters, Latin
script

Tu,
Simplified Han
Tu /Monguor 289,565 Northwestern
characters
Mandarin

/ Daur, Mongol script,

Daur 131,992 Northeastern Simplified Han
Mandarin characters

Russians 15,393 Russian, Cyrillic script,

Northwestern Simplified Han
Mandarin characters
 Mountain Tajiks 3,556 Sarikoli, Wakhi Arabic script

Austronesian
Latin script,
Taiwanese languages
Pangcah, etc. 533,600 Traditional Han
Aborigines (Amis, Yami),
characters
etc.

*Note: The order of states/territories follows the population ranking of each ethnicity
, within East Asia only.

Culture

Overview
The culture of East Asia has largely been influenced by China, as it was the civilization that had the most dominant influence in the region throughout the ages that
ultimately laid the foundation for East Asian civilization.[33] Evidence of this can be seen in the adoption of Confucian ethical philosophy, architectural style, diet,
terminology, institutions, Chinese Buddhism, political and legal systems, and historically a common writing system reflected in the histories of Japan and Korea that is
marked by Chinese influence.[34][35][36][37] The Imperial Chinese tributary system was the bedrock of network of trade and foreign relations between China and its East
Asian tributaries, which helped to shape much of East Asian affairs during the ancient and medieval eras. Through the tributary system, the various dynasties of Imperial
China facilitated frequent economic and cultural exchange that influenced the cultures of Japan and Korea and drew them into a Chinese international order.[38] The
Imperial Chinese tributary system shaped much of East Asia's foreign policy and trade for over 2000 years due to Imperial China's economic and cultural dominance over
the region, and thus played a huge role in the history of East Asia in particular.[39] The relationship between China and it's cultural influence on East Asia has been
compared to the historical influence ofGreco-Roman civilizationon Europe and the Western World.[36][40]

Religions
 Major Major
Religion Native name Denomination Major book Type Est. Followers
ethnicities states/territories
Han,
none, various Taoism, Chinese Hmong,
classifications Confucianism, classics, Qiang,
Chinese including folk Huangdi Tujia ( )
Pantheism/polytheism ~900,000,000[41][42]
religion salvationist Sijing, (worship of
, /
sects, Wuism, precious the same
, etc. Nuo scrolls, etc. ancestor-
gods)
Han,
Zhuang,
Zhengyi, Hmong, ( )
Taoism Tao Te Ching Pantheism/polytheism ~20,000,000[42]
Quanzhen Yao,
Qiang,
Tujia
Han,
Four Books ( )
Cheng-Zhu, Immanent Joseon,
Confucianism and Five N/A
Lu-Wang transcendence/pantheism Yamato
Classics
etc.
Han,
or Joseon, ( )
East Asian Diamond
Mahayana Non-God ~300,000,000 Yamato,
Buddhism Sutra
Manchus
etc.
Tibetans,
Tibetan Anuttarayoga Manchus,
Mahayana Non-God ~10,000,000
Buddhism Tantra Mongols,
Han etc.
Tibetans,
, Manchus,
Shamanism[43]
N/A N/A Polytheism/pantheism N/A Mongols,
and Bon, etc
Oroqen,
Han etc.
Kojiki, Nihon
Shinto Shinto sects Polytheism/pantheism N/A Yamato
Shoki

Sindo/Muism or Sindo sects N/A Polytheism/pantheism N/A Joseon

Hui, Tajik,
Uyghurs,
Islam Sunni, Shia Quran Monotheism ~25,000,000[42] Kazakh,
Dongxiang
etc.

Festivals
 Native Other Gregorian Religious Major Major
Festival Calendar Date Activity Food
Name name date practices ethnicities states/territories
Family
Reunion,
Han, ( )
or Ancestors Worship
Chinese Spring Month 21 Jan20 Joseon,
Chinese Worship, the King Jiaozi
New Year Festival 1 Day 1 Feb Manchus
Tomb of Gods
etc.
Sweeping,
Fireworks
( )
New Year Yuan Dan Gregorian 1 Jan 1 Jan Fireworks N/A N/A N/A

Family
Reunion,
Losar or Ancestors Tibetans,
or White Tibetan, Month 25 Jan2 Chhaang
Tsagaan Worship, N/A Mongols,
Moon Mongolian 1 Day 1 Mar or Buuz
Sar Tomb Tu etc.
Sweeping,
Fireworks
Lanterns
Upper Birthdate
Expo, ( )
Yuan Month of the Han,
Lantern 4 Feb6 Ancestors
or Festival Chinese 1 Day God of Yuanxiao Joseon,
Festival Mar Worship, *
15 Sky- Yamato
() Tomb
officer
Sweeping
15th
Ancestors
Tomb day Burning Han, ( )
Qingming 4 Apr6 Worship,
or Sweeping Solar since Hell Cold Food Joseon,
Festival April Tomb
Day March money Mongols
Sweeping
equinox
Driving
poisons &
plague away,
Dragon Boat
Race, ( )
Dragon Worship Han,
Duanwu Month Wearing
Boat or Chinese various Zongzi Joseon,
Festival 5 Day 5 colored *
Festival Gods Yamato
lines,
Hanging
felon herb on
the front
door.
Birthdate
Ancestors ( )
Month of the Han,
Ghost Mid Yuan Worship,
or Chinese 7 Day God of Joseon,
Festival Festival Tomb *
15 Earth- Yamato
Sweeping
officer

Family ( )
Month Worship Han,
Mid-Autumn Reunion,
or Chinese 8 Day the Moon Mooncake Joseon,
Festival Enjoying *
15 Goddess Yamato
Moon view
Climbing
Mountain, ( )
Double Double Month Worship Han,
Taking care
Ninth or Positive Chinese 9 Day various Joseon,
of elderly, *
Festival Festival 09 Gods Yamato
Wearing
Cornus.
Birthdate
Ancestors
Month of the ( )
Lower Yuan Worship,
or N/A Chinese 10 Day God of Ciba Han
Festival Tomb
15 Water-
Sweeping
officer

Jizao ( Month Worship ( )

Small New Cleaning Han,
Chinese 12 Day the God tanggua
Year ) Houses Mongols
23 of Hearth

International ( )
N/A N/A Gregorian 1 May 1 May N/A N/A N/A N/A
Labor Day

International ( )
Taking care
Women's N/A N/A Gregorian 8 Mar 8 Mar N/A N/A N/A
of women
Day

*Japan switched the date to theGregorian calendar after the Meiji Restoration.

*Not always on that Gregorian date, sometimes April 4.

Collaboration

East Asian Youth Games

Formerly the East Asian Games is a multi-sport event organised by the East Asian Games Association (EAGA) and held every four years since 2019 among athletes from
East Asian countries and territories of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), as well as the Pacific island of Guam, which is a member of the Oceania National Olympic
Committees.

The East Asian Games is 1 of 5 Regional Games of the OCA. The others are the East Asian Games, the
Central Asian Games, the South Asian Games, the Southeast Asian
Games (SEA Games), and theWest Asian Games. All nigh East Asian States/Territories join this Game.

Free trade agreements

Negotiation Signing Starting

Name of agreement Parties Leaders at the time Current status
begins date time
Jun 01, Dec 30,
ChinaSouth Korea FTA Xi Jinping, Park Geun-hye May, 2012 Enforced
2015 2015

ChinaJapanSouth Korea Xi Jinping, Shinz Abe, Park 10 round

Mar 26, 2013 N/A N/A
FTA Geun-hye negotiation

Feb 10,
Japan-Mongolia EPA Shinz Abe, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj - - Enforced
2015
Officially
China-Mongolia FTA Xi Jinping, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj N/A N/A N/A
proposed
Jun 29,
Mainland-HK CEPA Jiang Zemin, Tung Chee-hwa - - Enforced
2003
Jiang Zemin, Edmund Ho Hau- Oct 18,
Mainland-Macau CEPA - - Enforced
wah 2003

Hong Kong-Macau CEPA Carrie Lam, Fernando Chui Oct 09, 2015 N/A N/A Negotiating

Jun 29, Aug 17,

ECFA Hu Jintao, Ma Ying-jeou Jan 26, 2010 Enforced
2010 2010
Jun 21,
CSSTA (Based on ECFA) Xi Jinping, Ma Ying-jeou Mar, 2011 N/A Abolished
2013

CSGTA (Based on ECFA) Hu Jintao, Ma Ying-jeou Feb 22, 2011 N/A N/A Suspended

Military alliances

Name Abbr. Parties within the region

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation SCO ( )

General Security of Military Information Agreement GSOMIA

Sino-North Korean Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship rTeaty - ( )

Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan - ( )

Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of Korea - ( )

Taiwan Relations Act (Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty before 1980) TRA (SAMDT) ( )

Major non-NATO ally (Global Partners of NATO) - ( ) [44]

Major cities and towns

Tokyo is the largest city in the world, both inmetropolitan populationand economy.

Seoul is the capital of South Korea, one of the largest cities in the world and a leading global technology hub.

Pyongyang is the capital of North Korea (DPRK), and is a significant metropolis on theKorean Peninsula.

Shanghai is the largest city in China (People's Republic of China) and one of the largest in the world, and is the leading
business and financial centre ofMainland China.
Taipei is the de facto capital of Taiwan (formally known as the Republic of China), and is one of the world's leading
technical centres in East Asia, and is the location of theTaipei 101.

Hong Kong, enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, is one of the world's leading global financial
centres and is known as a cosmopolitan metropolis.

See also
East Asia Summit
East Asian Community
East Asian languages
East Asian studies
Economy of East Asia
Four Asian Tigers
ChinaJapanSouth Korea trilateral summit
Chinese calligraphy
Japanese calligraphy Play media
Korean calligraphy Pass of the ISS over Mongolia, looking out west
Mongolian calligraphy towards the Pacific Ocean, China, and Japan. As
the video progresses, you can see major cities
along the coast and the Japanese islands on the
Notes Philippine Sea. The island of Guam can be seen
further down the pass into the Philippine Sea, and
1. The area figure is based on the combined areas of China (including Hong Kong and Macau), the pass ends just to the east of New Zealand. A
Mongolia, North Korea & South Korea, Taiwan and Japan as listed atList of countries and lightning storm can be seen as light pulses near
outlying territories by total area. the end of the video.
2. The population figure is the combined populations of China (including Hong Kong and
Macau), Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, Japan and Republic of China aiwan)
(T as
listed at the 2017 revision of the World Population Prospects

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original (http://www.china-zentrum.de/fileadmin/downloads/rctc/2012-3/RCTC_2012-3.29-54_Wenzel-Teuber_Statistical_Overview_2011.pdf)(PDF) on
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42. Wenzel-Teuber, Katharina (2017). "Statistics on Religions and Churches in the People's Republic of China Update for theear Y 2016" (https://web.arc
hive.org/web/20170722112103/http://www .china-zentrum.de/fileadmin/downloads/rctc/2017-2/RCTC_2017-2.26-53_W enzel-Teuber__Statistics_on_Re
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43. almost Manchu, Mongolian
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A52). DIANE
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External links
East Asia travel guide from Wikivoyage
High resolution map of East Asian region

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