Motion and Time, Class 7(VII) Science - Class

Notes
Motion and Time, Class 7(VII) Science - Class Notes

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Time And Motion

Motion: When an object changes its position with elapse of time in respect to
a stationary object, such as a building, electric pole, etc., the object is said to
be in motion.
Slow and Fast Motion: If an object A covers a distance in less time and
another object covers the same distance in more time, the object A is cal led a
faster moving object and object B is called a slower moving object. In other
words, object A has faster motion and object B has slower motion.
Rectilinear Motion: Motion along a straight line is known as RECTILINEAR
MOTION OR MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE. For example: Motion of a
car along a straight line
Curvilinear Motion: Motion along a curve line is known as CURVILINEAR
MOTION. For example: Motion of car or any moving object along a curve line
Circular Motion: Motion along a circle is known as CIRCULAR MOTION. For
example: Motion of cyclist along a circular park.
Speed: Distance covered by an object in unit time is called speed.

Speed may be divided into three types: Uniform speed, Non-Uniform Speed
and Average Speed
Uniform Speed: If an object covers a fixed distance in each unit of time the
motion is known as UNIFORM MOTION or UNIFORM SPEED.
Non-uniform Speed: If an object does not cover a fixed distance in each unit of
time the motion is known as NON-UNIFORM MOTION or NON-UNIFORM
SPEED.
Average Speed: Total distance covered divided by total time taken is known as
AVERAGE SPEED.

Speed is also known as VELOCITY.

Review Question:
Question: 1 A car covers a distance of 100 km in 5 hour, calculate its speed.
Solution:
Given, Total distance = 100 km
Total time taken = 5 hour
We know that

Question: 2 A car covers 20 km in the first hour and cover 30 km in the last
4 hours. Find its average speed.
Solution:
Given,
Total distance covered = 20 km + 30 km = 50 km
Total time taken = 1 hour + 4 hour = 5 hour
We know that,

Periodic Motion or Oscillatory Motion: When an object repeats its motion after
every fixed interval of time, the motion of the object is called PERIODIC
MOTION OR OSCILLATORY MOTION.
In many wall clocks pendulum is used even today. A device having a string
suspended with a fixed point with a bob at bottom is called pendulum.

The motion of pendulum starting from one extreme end to another extreme end
and back to the first extreme end is called one oscillation. Similarly, the motion
of a simple pendulum from its mean position to extreme left and extreme right
and back to the mean position is called one oscillation.
Time Period: Time taken to complete one oscillation by the pendulum is called
time period.

Review Question:
Question: 1 A pendulum takes 20 second to complete 10 oscillations,
calculate its time period.
Solution:
Given, Number of oscillations = 10
Time taken = 20 second
We know that,

Unit of Time: Time is measured in second. Thus, unit of time is second. Second
is denoted by s.
60 second = 1 minute
60 minute = 1 hour
24 hour = 1 day
7 day = 1 week
365 days = 1 year
Unit of speed: Unit of speed is meter/second (m/s), or metre/minute (m/min) or
kilometer/hour (km/h).
1000 metre (m) = 1 kilometer (km)
Speedometer: A device used to measure the speed of a vehicle is called
SPEEDOMETER.
Odometer: A device used to measure the distance covered by a vehicle.
Distance Time Graph: When distance covered by an object and time taken to
cover the distance is represented on a graph, the graph is called distance time
graph.
If a vehicle cover a distance of 5 km every hour and travels for 5 hours, the
time distance time graph for the given vehicle can be plotted as follows using
the table given below:
Distance time graph of a moving vehicle with a constant speed is a straight
slanting line.
Speed-time graph for the same vehicle will be a straight line parallel to x -axis.