Tercera Asignacin de Estadstica Aplicada a la Ingeniera Qumica 2016 I

CDIGO Problema

1 12070030

Let X denote the temperature at which a certain chemical reaction takes place.
Suppose that X has pdf:

2 14070163 a) Sketch the graph of f(x).

b) Determine the cdf and sketch it.
c) Is 0 the median temperature at which the reaction takes place? If not, is the
median temperature smaller or larger than 0?
d) Suppose this reaction is independently carried out once in each of ten
different labs and that the pdf of reaction time in each lab is as given. Let Y
the number among the ten labs at which the temperature exceeds 1. What
kind of distribution does Y have? (Give the names and values of any
parameters.)
Suppose the reaction temperature X (in C) in a certain chemical process has a
uniform distribution with and a = -5 y b = 5.
3 14070185 a) Compute P(X < 0).
b) Compute P(-2,5 < X < 2,5).
c) Compute P(-2 X 3).
d) For k satisfying -5 < k < k + 4 < 5, compute P(k < X < k + 4)
The length of time between breakdowns of an essential piece of equipment is
important in the decision as to whether to use auxiliary equipment. An engineer
thinks that the best model for time between breakdowns of a generator is the
4 14070034 exponential distribution with a mean of 15 days.
a) If the generator has just broken down, what is the probability that it will
break down in the next 21 days?
b) What is the probability that the generator will operate for 30 days without a
breakdown?
Consider the following sample of observations on coating thickness for low-
viscosity paint (Achieving a Target Value for a Manufacturing Process: A
Case Study, J. Qual. Technol., 1992: 2226):
5 14070036 0,83 0,88 0,88 1,04 1,09 1,12 1,29 1,31 1,48 1,49 1,59
1,62 1,65 1,71 1,76 1,83
Assume that the distribution of coating thickness is normal (a normal
probability plot strongly supports this assumption).
 a) Calculate a point estimate of the mean value of coating thickness, and state
which estimator you used.
b) Calculate a point estimate of the value that separates the largest 10% of all
values in the thickness distribution from the remaining 90%, and state which
estimator you used. [Hint: Express what you are trying to estimate in terms
of and ]
c) Estimate P(X < 1,5), i.e., the proportion of all thickness values less than 1,5.
[Hint: If you knew the values of and , you could calculate this
probability. These values are not available, but they can be estimated.]
Many food products contain small quantities of substances that would give an
undesirable taste or smell if they are present in large amounts. An example is
the off-odors caused by sulfur compounds in wine. Oenologists (wine
experts) have determined the odor threshold, the lowest concentration of a
compound that the human nose can detect. For example, the odor threshold for
6 13070108 dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is given in the oenology literature as 25 micrograms
per liter of wine (g/l). Untrained noses may be less sensitive, however. Here
are the DMS odor thresholds for 10 beginning students of oenology:
31 31 43 36 23 34 32 30 20 24
This data confirm the 25 mg odor threshold?

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In a series of experiments to determine the absorption rate of certain pesticides

into skin, measured amounts of two pesticides were applied to several skin
specimens. After a time, the amounts absorbed (in g) were measured. For
pesticide A, the variance of the amounts absorbed in 6 specimens was 2,3, while
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for pesticide B, the variance of the amounts absorbed in 10 specimens was 0,6.
Assume that for each pesticide, the amounts absorbed are a simple random
sample from a normal population. Can we conclude that the variance in the
amount absorbed is greater for pesticide A than for pesticide B?
A maker of a certain brand of low-fat cereal bars claims that the average
saturated fat content is 0,5 gram, In a random sample of 8 cereal bars of this
9 14070141 brand, the saturated fat content was 0,6, 0,7, 0,7, 0,3, 0,4, 0,5, 0,4, and 0,2.
Would you agree with the claim? Assume a normal distribution.

10 14070172

A chemical engineer claims that the population mean yield of a certain batch
process is 500 grams per liter of raw material. To check this claim he samples
25 batches each month. If the computed t-value falls between t0,05 and t0,05, he
11 14070045
is satisfied with this claim. What conclusion should he draw from a sample that
has a mean = 518 grams per liter and a sample standard deviation s = 40
grams? Assume the distribution of yields to be approximately normal.
 The concentration of an active ingredient in the output of a chemical reaction
is strongly influenced by the catalyst that is used in the reaction. It is believed
that when catalyst A is used, the population mean concentration exceeds 65%.
The standard deviation is known to be = 5%. A sample of outputs from 30
independent experiments gives the average concentration of = 64,5%.
a) Does this sample information with an average concentration of = 64,5%
12 14070152 provide disturbing information that perhaps A is not 65%, but less than
65%? Support your answer with a probability statement.
b) Suppose a similar experiment is done with the use of another catalyst,
catalyst B. The standard deviation is still assumed to be 5% and turns
out to be 70%. Comment on whether or not the sample information on
catalyst B strongly suggests that B is truly greater than A. Support your
answer by computing
P( 5.5 | B = A).
A broth used to manufacture a pharmaceutical product has its sugar content, in
mg/mL, measured several times on each of three successive days.
Day 1: 5,0 4,8 5,1 5,1 4,8 5,1 4,8 4,8 5,0 5,2 4,9 4,9 5,0
Day 2: 5,8 4,7 4,7 4,9 5,1 4,9 5,4 5,3 5,3 4,8 5,7 5,1 5,7
13 14070151 Day 3: 6,3 4,7 5,1 5,9 5,1 5,9 4,7 6,0 5,3 4,9 5,7 5,3 5,6
a) Can you conclude that the variability of the process is greater on the second
day than on the first day?
b) Can you conclude that the variability of the process is greater on the third
day than on the second day?
According to data from the Tobacco Institute Testing Laboratory, Camel Lights
King Size cigarettes contain an average of 1,4 milligrams of nicotine. An
advocacy group commissions an independent test to see if the mean nicotine
14 14070175 content is higher than the industry laboratory claims.
a) Suppose that the test statistic is z = 2,36. Is this result significant at the 5%
level?
b) Is the result significant at the 1% level?
In a chemical processing plant, it is important that the yield of a certain type of
batch product stay above 80%. If it stays below 80% for an extended period of
time, the company loses money. Occasional defective batches are of little
concern. But if several batches per day are defective, the plant shuts down and
15 14070188 adjustments are made. It is known that the yield is normally distributed with
standard deviation 4%.
a) What is the probability of a false alarm (yield below 80%) when the mean
yield is 85%?
b) What is the probability that a batch will have a yield that exceeds 80% when
in fact the mean yield is 79%?
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 In a study conducted at Virginia Tech on the development of ectomycorrhizal,
a symbiotic relationship between the roots of trees and a fungus, in which
minerals are transferred from the fungus to the trees and sugars from the trees
to the fungus, 20 northern red oak seedlings exposed to the fungus Pisolithus
tinctorus were grown in a greenhouse. All seedlings were planted in the same
type of soil and received the same amount of sunshine and water. Half received
no nitrogen at planting time, to serve as a control, and the other half received
368 ppm of nitrogen in the form NaNO3. The stem weights, in grams, at the end
of 140 days were recorded as follows:
No Nitrogen Nitrogen
17 14070177 0,32 0,26
0,53 0,43
0,28 0,47
0,37 0,49
0,47 0,52
0,43 0,75
0,36 0,79
0,42 0,86
0,38 0,62
0,43 0,46
Make a comparison of mean and variability.
Cholesterol is a fatty substance that is an important part of the outer lining
(membrane) of cells in the body of animals. Its normal range for an adult is
120240 mg/dl. The Food and Nutrition Institute of the Philippines found that
the total cholesterol level for Filipino adults has a mean of 159.2 mg/dl and
84.1% of adults have a cholesterol level less than 200 mg/dl
(http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/). Suppose that the total cholesterol level is
normally distributed.
a) Determine the standard deviation of this distribution.
b) What are the quartiles (the 25% and 75% percentiles) of this distribution?
c) What is the value of the cholesterol level that exceeds 90% of the
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population?
d) An adult is at moderate risk if cholesterol level is more than one but less
than two standard deviations above the mean. What percentage of the
population is at moderate risk according to this criterion?
e) An adult whose cholesterol level is more than two standard deviations
above the mean is thought to be at high risk. What percentage of the
population is at high risk?
f) (f) An adult whose cholesterol level is less than one standard deviations
below the mean is thought to be at low risk. What percentage of the
population is at low risk?
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