MT S CNG THC TNG QUAT BI DNG HSG

k
1/ S chinh hp chp k cua n: An = n(n-1)(n-2).....(n-k+1) la s cac b phn gm k trong s n
phn t c sp xp theo th t nht inh.
k Ank n(n - 1)(n - 2).......(n - k +1) n!
C
2/ S t hp chp k cua n: n = = = la s cac b phn
k! 1.2.3.....k k !(n - k )!
gm k trong s n phn t c sp xp theo th t tuy y.

3/ Mt s hng ng thc tng quat:

* (a+b+c)2 = a2+ b2+ c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
* an- bn=(a-b)(an-1+an-2b++abn-2+bn-1)
*a2k+1+b2k+1=(a+b)(a2k-a2k-1b+a2k-2b2-.+b2k)
* Nhi thc Newton:
0 n 1 n- 1 2 n- 2 2 n- 2 2 n- 2 n- 1 n- 1 n n 0 n
(a+b)n= Cn a + Cn a b + Cn a b +....+ Cn a b + Cn a b + Cn b ( Vi Cn = Cn = 1 )
0 n 1 n- 1 2 n- 2 2 n n 0 n
(a-b)n= Cn a - Cn a b + Cn a b -....+(-1)n Cn b ( Vi Cn = Cn = 1 )
Tam giac Pascan (cac h s trong khai trin nhi thc Newton):

inh: 1
Dong 1 (n=1): 1 1
Dong 2 (n=2): 1 2 1
Dong 3 (n=3): 1 3 3 1
Dong 4 (n=4): 1 4 6 4 1
Dong 5 (n=5): 1 5 10 10 5 1

4/ inh li Bezout: Phn d cua phep chia a thc f(x) cho x - a bng f(a)

5/ Lc Horner: ( tinh cac h s cua a thc thng va d trong phep chia a thc
f(x)=anxn+an-1xn-1+...+ a1x+a0 cho x - a )
an an-1 an-2 a1 a0
a bn=an bn-1=abn+an-1 bn-2=abn-1+an-2 b1=ab2+a1 r= ab1+a0

6/ Cac bt ng thc thng dung:

*Bt ng thc Cauchy:Trung bnh cng cua n s thc khng m lun ln hn hoc bng trung
bnh nhn cua chng, va trung bnh cng chi bng trung bnh nhn khi va chi khi n s bng
nhau.

- Vi 2 s:

ng thc xy ra khi va chi khi a = b

- Vi n s:

ng thc xy ra khi va chi khi

*Bt ng thc Buniakovski dng thng thng

(a + b)(c + d) (ac + bd)

Du " = " xy ra khi

* Bt ng thc Buniakovski cho 2 b s

Vi hai b s (a1;a2;...;an) va (b1;b2;...;bn) ta c :

Du "=" xy ra khi

va chi khi vi quy c nu mt s bi nao (i = 1, 2, 3,..., n) bng 0

th ai tng ng bng 0.

*Bt ng thc Bernoulli la mt bt ng thc cho phep tinh gn ng cac ly tha cua 1 + x.

- Bt ng thc nay c phat biu nh sau:

vi mi s nguyn r 0 va vi mi s thc x > 1.

- Nu s m r la chn, th bt ng thc nay ng vi mi s thc x. Bt ng thc nay tr thanh

bt ng thc nghim ngt nh sau:

vi mi s nguyn r 2 va vi mi s thc x 1 vi x 0.

*Bt ng thc tam giac cho hai s thc bt k x va y nh sau:

- Bt ng thc tam giac thng c dung c lng chn trn tt nht cho gia tri tng cua
hai s, theo gia tri cua tng s trong hai s .

- c lng chn di tm c bng cach dung bt ng thc tam giac o chiu, vi bt k

hai s thc x va y: