Professional Documents
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NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
AND MANAGEMENT
Q.2. The membranes of all postganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglia and the membranes of skeletal
muscle cells have
(a) Unipolar
(b) Bipolar
(c) Multipolar
(d) Efferent
(e) A and b
Q.7. An elderly acquaintance of yours has suffered from partial blindness since she had a stroke.
Apparently the stroke damaged her
Q.12. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles that are located primarily in specialized portions of the:
(a) Soma
(b) Axon
(c) Dendrite
(d) Perikaryon
Q.13. An inhibitory neuron could affect the neuron with which it synapses by:
Q.14. Which of the following organelles is responsible for the appearance of Nissl bodies in the cell bodies of
motor neurons
(a) coordination
(b) responds to danger
(c) responds to stress
(d) increase of heartbeat and blood pressure
(a) An IPSP
(b) An EPSP
(c) An action potential
(d) All of the above
Q.17. The effector pathway of the ANS generally contains ____________ neurons.
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Q.20. Cells found in the choroid plexus that secrete cerebrospinal fluid are:
(a) Astrocytes
(b) Microglia
(c) Ependymal cells
(d) Oligodendrocytes
Q.21. Effector organs of the ANS include all of the following except:
Q.22. A neuron with many short dendrites and a single long axon is a:
(a) Multipolar neuron
(b) Bipolar neuron
(c) Unipolar neuron
(d) None of the above
(a) Epinephrine
(b) Acetylcholine
(c) Nicotine
(d) Dopamine
Q.24. Axons within nerves may have which of the following associated with them?
(a) Pons
(b) Positrons
(c) Connector neurons
(d) hemispheres
(a) epinephrine
(b) acetylcholine
(c) nicotine
(d) dopamine
Q.27. The parasympathetic nervous system affects all of these organs except:
(a) Heart
(b) Pupillary smooth muscles
(c) Salivary glands
(d) Adrenal glands
Q.29. The most likely type of fiber that would carry the impulse for a withdrawal reflex would be
a(n):
Q.30. The region where the lens focuses the image onto the retina is the:
(a) Rhodopsin
(b) Cone opsin
(c) Melanin
(d) Asparagine
(e) Mesophyll
Q.33. Effector organs of the autonomic nervous system includes all of the following except:
Q.34. Some of the nerves that innervate lymph nodes have been discovered to be adrenergic (i.e.,
they release norepinephrine). This suggests that the:
Q.35. The effector pathway of the autonomic nervous system generally contains:
Q.36. Arrange the following connective tissue structures from the outermost to the innermost.
(a) Endoneurium
(b) Epineurium
(c) Perineurium
(d) All of above
Q.37. The parasympathetic nervous system affects all of these organs except:
(a) heart
(b) pupillary smooth muscles
(c) salivary glands
(d) adrenal glands
Q.38. The sclera and cornea constitute this layer of the eye:
(a) astigmatism
(b) pupillary constriction
(c) pupillary dilation
(d) glaucoma
Q.42. The region where the lens focuses the image onto the retina is the:
(a) rhodopsin
(b) melanin
(c) glutamate '
(d) chlorophyll
Q.45. What controls the path of messages and chooses to send messages?
(a) dendrites
(b) nucleus
(c) axon
(d) peripheral nervous system
Q.48. The fluid that fills the posterior chamber of the eye is the:
(a) Homatropine
(b) Oxybutynin
(c) Pirenzepine
(d) Ipratropium
Q.51. What is the way your nervous system causes your body to react?
(a) stimulus
(b) response
(c) axon
(d) nucleus
(e) dendrites
(f) ens
(a) Neuron
(b) Dendrites
(c) Axon
(d) All of above
(a) Scopolamine
(b) Muscarine
(c) Pilocarpine
(d) Dethenacol
(a) Nucleus
(b) Axon
(c) Meninges
(d) Dendrites
(e) Cns none of above
(a) Neuron
(b) Dendrites
(c) Nucleus
(d) Axon
Q.56. Some of the nerves that innervate lymph nodes have been discovered to be adrenergic (can
release norepinephrine). This would suggest that:
(a) the parasympathetic nervous system may influence lymph node activity
(b) the sympathetic nervous system must act to enhance lymph node activity
(c) the parasympathetic nervous system has no effect on lymph node activity
(d) the sympathetic nervous system may influence lymph node activity
Q.58. The system that controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and gland activity is the:
(a) meninges
(b) cerebrospinal fluid
(c) skull
(d) spinal column
(e) brain
(f) organs
Q.60. What is a protective membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord?
(a) Verbal
(b) Analytical
(c) spatial relations
(d) all of above
Q.64. All of the following mechanisms will cause an increase of blood pressure except:
Q.65. The cerebral cortex plays a key role in all the following except:
(a) Memory
(c) coordination
(d) perceptual awareness
(e) thought
(f) kiguage
Q.66. Maeen has recovered from extensive injury to her left cerebral hemisphere and has continued
her career with little sign of impairment. Her occupation is most likely
(a) Graphic artist
(b) Accountant
(c) English teacher
(d) Sports writer for a newspaper
Q.70. The brain stem (medulla) does all of the following except
(a) regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate sleep cycle
(b) continuous with spinal cord
(c) functions primarily in the transmission of neural signals
(d) all of above
Q.72. What are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system
Q.73. The fatty layer of tissue that gives many nerves a whitish color is called
(a) Myelin
(b) Neurilemma
(c) Neuropeptides
(d) Endorphins
Q.74. The efferent neurons are broken into what two categories
(a) Somatic
(b) automatic
(c) Sympathetic
(d) Parasympathetic
(e) A and C
(f) B and A
Q.76. The two cerebral hemispheres are connected by a band of fibers called
Q.77. When norepinephrine binds to beta-adrenergic receptors on the heart, the response is
excitatory.
(a) Inhibitory
(b) excitatory
(c) Either excitatory or inhibitory
(d) All of above
Q.78. The Autonomic nervous system is broken down into two systems the Sympathetic and
Parasympathetic nervous systems what is the difference between the two systems
(a) one is when you are sad and one is when you are happy
(b) one is when you are resting and one is when you aren't resting
(c) one is when you are sick and one is when you are well
(d) one is when you are eating and the other is when you are digesting you food
(a) The left side of the body is generally controlled by the left hemisphere.
(b) The left side of the body is generally controlled by the right hemisphere.
(c) The right hemisphere is the dominant hemisphere in males but not in females
(d) A stroke to a person's left hemisphere will affect the left side of his or her body
Q.81. What is the difference in charge from the inside of an axon to the outside of the axon
(a) polarity
(b) potential
(c) spine
(d) motor neurons
(e) relay neurons
(f) k+ and na+
Q.84. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a) lesion results in atrophy of the contralateral (to the lesion) superior oblique
(b) axons arise from the ipsilateral abducens nucleus
(c) lesion results in ipsilateral (to the lesion) head tilt
(d) lesion results in ipsilateral head rotation
(e) if lesion were to also invade fiber bundle lying immediately dorsal, head tilt would be to the same
side as the hemiplegia
(a) medulla.
(b) cerebellum.
(c) frontal cortex.
(d) limbic system
Q.86. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the
drawing below
Q.88. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the
drawing below
Q.90. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a) axon conveys pain and temp, from the ipsilateral side of the face
(b) lesion results in contralateral deviation of the jaw upon jaw opening
(c) lesion results in loss of vibration sense from the ipsilateral side of the face
(d) axon conveys information from Pacinian corpuscles
(e) two of the above
Q.91. Body cells specialized to carry and process information are called
(a) Neurotransmitters
(b) Synapses
(c) Ions
(d) Neurons
Q.92. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
Q.93. Which of the following cells is responsible for myelin formation in the peripheral nervous
system
Q.94. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a) dorsal portion of the nucleus associated with this axon receives bilateral corticobulbar input
(b) axons arise from the ipsilateral motor V
(c) axon terminates in the ipsilateral stapedius muscle
(d) lesion results in atrophy of the ipsilateral orbicularis oculi
(e) three of the above
Q.95. Nerves that carry information from other parts of the body to the brain are called
Q.96. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a) axon arises from the superior salivatory nucleus
(b) axon arises from nucleus solitarius
(c) lesion results in decrease of salivation
(d) lesion results in atrophy of ipsilateral stylopharyngeus muscle
(e) axon is a component of CN X
Q.97. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
Q.99. Branches of which cranial nerve are typically contained within the mucosa of the middle ear
space
(a) Glossopharyngeal
(b) Optic
(c) Vagus
(d) Trigeminal .
Q.100. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a) Optic
(b) Vagus
(c) Trigeminal
(d) Olfactory
(e) Facial
(f) Hypoglossal
Q.102. Which cranial nerve provides visceral sensation from the larynx
(a) Optic
(b) Vagus
(c) Trigeminal
(d) Oculomotor
Q.103. Although the human brain weighs approximately 3 pounds, it is also important to take into
consideration __________ when comparing it to the brain of an elephant or whale.
(a) the cortex weight
(b) the body weight
(c) the caloric intake weight to
(d) the brain weight to body weight ratio brain weight ratio
(a) smell
(b) touch
(c) hearing
(d) complex behaviors
Q.105. Surgical removal of parts of the brain to determine their function relies on a technique called
Q.107. A patient who has suffered brain damage to the left hemisphere is likely to experience
diminished capacity for
(a) Recent research found a positive correlation between intelligence and the size of several higher
brain structures
(b) The overall volume of gray matter is not correlated with IQ test scores
(c) Brain size alone determines human intelligence.
(d) Environment has clearly been found to be the sole determinant of human intelligence.
Q.110. Efferent neurons are also called motor neurons... what are NOT a characteristics of them
Q.111. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a) central portion of axon terminates within the ipsilateral spinal nucleus V
(b) axon arises from the ipsilateral geniculate ganglion
(c) axon conveys information about pain and temp, from the ipsilateral "ear"
(d) region of body innervated by axon shared with other CNs
(e) all of the above
Q.112. A branch of which cranial nerve innervates the posterior belly of the digastric muscle
Hypoglossal
(a) Vagus
(b) Trigeminal
(c) Oculomotor
(d) Trochlear
(a) Glossopharyngeal
(b) Optic
(c) Vagus
(d) Trigeminal
Q.114. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
Q.115. Medial surface of cerebral hemisphere has the following sulci, except
Q.116. Which cranial nerve provides visceral sensation from the pharynx
(a) Optic
(b) Vagus
(c) Trigeminal
(d) Oculomotor
Q.117. How many major nerves originate in the brain and are known as cranial nerves
(a) 8
(b) 10
(c) 12
(d) 14
(a) Optic
(b) Vagus
(c) Trigeminal
(d) Olfactory
Q.119. What is the name of a condition that involves the facial nerve and causes weakness and
drooping of the facial muscles
(a) Optic
(b) Vagus
(c) Trigeminal
(d) Accessory
(e) Trochlear
Q.121. What is the disturbance in vision that occurs when distant rays of light pass through the lens
and are focused in front of the retina
(a) Hyperopia
(b) Myopia
(c) Astigmatism
(d) Presbyopia
Q.122. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a) lesion results in the loss of the direct corneal reflex upon stimulation of the ipsilateral
(b) (to the lesion) cornea
(c) lesion results in ipsilateral deviation of the jaw upon jaw opening
(d) lesion results in loss of vibration sense from the contralateral side of the face
(e) lesion results in the loss of the consensual corneal reflex upon stimulation of the
(a) Axons
(b) Axles
(c) Atoms
(d) Axes
Q.125. The nature of a nerve impulse is primarily a/an ________ event; whereas, the nature of the
communication between neurons is primarily a/an ___________ event.
(a) Chemical; electrical
(b) Acetylcholine; catecholamine
(c) Dendrite; axon
(d) Electrical; chemical
Q.127. The conduction of a nerve impulse down the axon is called a(n)
(a) Axon
(b) Axon terminal
(c) Synapse
(d) Soma
Q.131. The branching fibers of the end in and link with parts of other neurons.
Q.132. After successfully running from the large, snarling, drooling grizzly bear that was running
directly toward you, you pause to catch your breath and collect your wits. The physical symptoms you
now experience are controlled by the
Q.133. The charge that exists across the nerve cell membrane is a result of differing
Q.135. The sacral segment of the spinal cord may be crushed by the fracture of
(a) Most of the fibers decussate at the lower end of the medulla
(b) it arises from the motor area of the cerebral cortex
(c) it passes through the cruss cerebri of mid brain
(d) it ends in the anterior horn cells
(e) its lesion at the level of pons produced paralysis of muscle on the epsilateral side
Q.140. What is the name of the area where the optic nerve and retinal blood vessels enter the back of
the eye
(a) Trochlear
(b) Glossopharyngeal
(c) Vestibulocochlear
(d) Abducens
Q.143. Regarding the lateral spinothalamic , all of the following are correct except
Q. 144. Regarding to the Primary motor cortex, all of the following are true except
Q.145. According to the interpeduncular fossa, all of the following structure are present except
(a) Hypoglossal
(b) Vagus
(c) Trigeminal
(d) Oculomotor
(e) Facial
Q.147. Regarding the Main sensory cortical area, all are true except
(a) Optic
(b) Vagus
(c) Trigeminal
(d) Oculomotor
(e) Hypoglossal
(a) Fornix
(b) Optic chisma
(c) Tuber cinerium
(d) Infundihulum
(e) Mammilary body
(a) Dendrites
(b) Terminal buttons
(c) Cell bodies
(d) Synaptic gaps
Q.153. Which is a source of axons found in the dorsal primary ramus of the 4th thoracic spinal nerve
(a) Afferent neurons arising from the skin overlying the trapezius muscle
(b) Somatic motor neurons supplying the levator scapulae muscle
(c) Somatic motor neurons supplying the rhomboid muscles
(d) Somatic motor neurons supplying the trapezius muscle
Q.154. A man has a herniated intervertebral disk between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae. If
this disk compresses the spinal nerve in the intervertebral foramen immediately posterior to this disk,
which spinal nerve would be affected
(a) L3
(b) L4
(c) L5
(d) S1
(e) S2
(a) cervical
(b) thoracic
(c) lumbar
(d) sacral
(e) coccygeal
Q.156. Both the dural sac and the subarachnoid space end at which vertebral level
(a) L4
(b) L5
(c) S2
(d) S1
(e) S4
Q.157. The part of the neuron that specializes in receiving messages from other neurons is the
(a) Axon
(b) Myelin
(c) Axon terminal
(d) Dendrite
Q.158. The following cranial nerves are attached to the medulla except
(a) Hypoglossal
(b) Glossopharyngeal
(c) Vagus
(d) accessory
(e) Trigeminal N
(a) Hypoglossal
(b) Vagus
(c) Trigeminal
(d) Oculomotor
Q.163. As the spinal needle in the above question is being inserted, which ligament would it pass
through on its way to the subarachnoid space
Q.164. Because of their structure and interconnections, which veins are especially important in the
spread of cancer
(a) Basilic
(b) Cephalic
(c) Dorsal scapular
(d) Internal vertebral venous plexus
(e) Transverse cervical
Q.165. The number of vertebrae and number of spinal cord segments are the same in each region
except:
(a) Cervical
(b) Thoracic
(c) Lumbar
(d) Sacral
Q.168. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
Q.171. The role of the nervous system is to relax the body and return it to a lower level of arousal.
(a) Sympathetic
(b) Parasympathetic
(c) Endocrine
(d) Somatic
Q.172. Which structure does not contain efferent autonomic nerve fibers
Q.175. In an adult, the conus medullaris of the spinal cord is normally positioned at which vertebral
body levels:
(a) T10-T12
(b) T12-L2
(c) L2-L4
(d) L5-S1
Q.176. When a neuron is depolarized, the inside of the cell membrane is _____________ and the
outside of the cell membrane is
Q.177. The effect of sympathetic stimulation on the urinary bladder is to _________ the wall and
_________ the sphincter.
Q.178. A 45-year-old man complained to his physician that the muscles of his upper limb were weak
and he felt clumsy while walking. Tests revealed that he had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou
Gehrig's disease), a disease which attacks the neurons of the voluntary motor system. Where would
one expect to see atrophic or degenerated nerve cell bodies?
Q.181. In the final stages of labor a caudal anesthetic is sometimes given via a needle inserted into the
sacral hiatus. The anesthetic is thus placed around the outside of the sacral spinal nerve roots and into
the?
Q.182. A new, improved brain imaging technique for measuring glucose metabolism of the brain is
called
(a) The larger the area of somatosensory cortex associated with it. \
(b) He smaller the area of somatosensory cortex associated with it.
(c) the smaller the area of motor cortex associated with it
(d) The larger the area of the cerebellum associated with it.
Q.184. What circulates around the CNS to cushion the brain and spinal cord
(a) Meninges
(b) Skull
(c) spinal column
(d) brain ,
(e) Cerebrum
(f) cerebrospinal fluid
(a) Sex
(b) eating and drinking
(c) temperature control
(d) posture
Q.186. Bilal does not understand algebra, but he's a good artist, bilal's ________brain is probably
more fully developed.
(a) Left
(b) Right
(c) Mid
(d) Subcortical
(a) coma
(b) dizziness
(c) blurred vision
(d) aphasia
Q.188. The _________ is the part of the brain that stores lasting memories.
(a) Hindbrain
(b) Temporal lobe
(c) Occipital lobe
(d) Hippocampus
(a) EEG
(b) CTscan
(c) MRIscan
(d) PET
Q.190. Ayan has some paralysis and loss of sensation in his right side after a motorcycle accident. It is
likely that there is brain damage in the
(a) Cerebellum
(b) Left hemisphere
(c) Corpus callosum
(d) Right hemisphere
Q.191. Waqqas has just had some medical tests conducted. One of the tests recorded
waqqas's brain waves on a moving sheet of paper. Waqqas was probably given the
(a) EEG
(b) CTscan
(c) MRIscan
(d) PET scan
Q.193. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a) central process of axon terminates in the caudal portion of dorsal motor X
(b) axon conveys information regarding pain and temp, from the pharynx
(c) axon arises from superior ganglion DC
(d) axon participates in the carotid sinus reflex ,/
(e) axon conveys information about taste
Q.194. A brief electrical current is applied to the cortex causing movements and muscular twitches in
various parts of the body. The area stimulated is the
Q.196. The most obvious difference between the human brain and the brain of a carp would be in the
(a) hypothalamus
(b) Thalamus
(c) Cerebellum
(d) Cerebral cortex
Q.197. Compression of what nerve arising from the brachial plexus results in numbness, tingling, and
pain in the fingers, a condition called carpal tunnel syndrome.
Q.198. Which of these layers in the wall of blood vessels contains smooth muscle
(a) arterioles
(b) elastic arteries
(c) muscular arteries
(d) small arteries
Q.200. If one does a laminectomy (removing the laminae of two adjacent vertebrae) to expose the
spinal cord, which ligament must be removed
Q.202. The first artery to branch from the aortic arch is the
Q.203. The use of an electrode to destroy small areas of the brain beneath the surface is called
(a) ablation.
(b) deep lesioning.
(c) surface lesioning.
(d) electroencephalography.
Q.204. Which of these characteristics describe the somatic motor nervous system?
Q.205. The artery that supplies blood to the small intestine and upper portion of the colon is the
Q.207. During ventricular diastole, pressure in the ventricles falls to ________ mm Hg white the
pressure within the large arteries is about __________ mm Hg.
(a) 120,80
(b) 80,120
(c) 80,0
(d) 0,80
(e) 40, 120
Q.209. To determine mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO) is multiplied by
Q.210. Whereas ___________ mechanisms are most important for regulating mean arterial pressure
on a short-term basis; ____________ mechanisms are most important for regulating mean arterial
pressure on a long-term basis.
(a) Adrenergic
(b) Cholinergic
(c) Myelinated
(d) Unmyelinated
(e) both b and c
Q.212. Which of the following is not a function of the peripheral circulation. Exchange of nutrients,
waste products, and gases
(a) Transport
(b) Regulation of blood pressure
(c) Carries lymph
(d) Directs blood flow
Q.213. A neuron with a cell body in the dorsal root ganglia could convey what type of fibers
Q.215. The spinal cord is segmented like the vertebral column, but in contrast to the vertebrae, there
are only ___________ cord segments
(a) 28
(b) 29
(c) 30
(d) 31
(e) 32
Q.216. In the ANS, the preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons in the autonomic
ganglia.
(a) brain stem
(b) spinal cord
(c) dorsal root ganglia
(d) skeletal muscle cells
Q.217. As one moves up the evolutionary scale, development of the nervous system shows
Q.218. The effector organs for the somatic motor nervous system are
Q.220 Sympathetic postganglionic axons may pass through a ___________ and reenter a spinal nerve.
Q.221. Some sympathetic preganglionic axons synapse in collateral ganglia; the postganglionic axon
then passes through a
Q.222. An accident victim is shown a picture of a car and says, "dar." This person is suffering from
Q.223. Some sympathetic preganglionic axons pass through the chain ganglia and a
collateral ganglion before synapsing with cells in the
(a) Cranial
(b) Spinal
(c) Pelvic
(d) Splanchnic
(e) Sympathetic
Q.228. A patient is diagnosed as having a venous anomaly of the posterior spinal veins which have
enlarged, putting pressure on the spinal cord. In order to expose the veins, the surgeon will have to
pass through the skin, subcutaneous tissue, deep back muscles and then, in order, the:
(a) Laminae and ligamenta flava, posterior longitudinal ligament, epidural space, dura, subdural
space, arachnoid, subarachnoid space, pia
(b) Pedicles and ligamenta flava, epidural space, dura, subdural space, arachnoid, subarachnoid space,
pia.
(c) Laminae and ligamenta flava, epidural space, dura, subdural space, arachnoid, subarachnoid space,
pia.
(d) Pedicles, posterior longitudinal ligament, epidural space, dura, subdural space, arachnoid,
subarachnoid space, pia.
(e) Laminae and ligamenta flava, epidural space, pia.
(a) Acetylcholine
(b) Epinephrine
(c) Norepinephrine
(d) All of above
Q.231. The membranes of effector cells that respond to acetylcholine released from postganglionic
neurons have
Q.233. As blood flows through a capillary, _____________ causes fluid to leave the capillary; whereas
___________causes fluid to enter the capillary.
Q.236. Where are fibers of adjacent spinal nerves sorted and recombined so that fibers specific to a
body part reach that body part in the same nerve
(a) Ganglion
(b) nucleus
(c) plexus
(d) reticular formation
Q.237. Which of the following is most closely associated with language production
(a) Aphasia
(b) Broca's area
(c) Wernicke's area
(d) Agnosia
Q.239. The effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the eye is to __________the ciliary muscle and to
______________ the pupil.
Q.240. Given these vessels: 1. basilar artery 2. brachiocephalic artery 3. circle of Willis 4. right
subclavian artery 5. right vertebral artery, Choose the arrangement that lists the vessels in order
going from the aorta to the brain.
(a) 1,2,5,4,3
(b) 2,4,3,5,1
(c) 2,4,5,1,3
(d) 4,2,1,3,5
(e) 5,1,3,2,4
Q.241. Which of these effects results from the stimulation of the parasympathetic division
Q.242. Which serious anomaly of the optic nerve can occur in the newborn child of a mother addicted
to alcohol or illegal drugs
(a) Optic nerve papilledema
(b) Optic nerve atrophy
(c) Optic nerve hypoplasia
(d) Optic neuritis
Q.243. Choose the correct order an action potential travels through them from a stimulus to the
resulting action.
(a) 1,2,3,4,5
(b) 1,5,2,4,3
(c) 2,1,3,4,5
(d) 4,1,2,5,3
(e) 5,1,2,4,3
Q.244. Which of the following is not one of the four regions into which the spinal cord is divided
(a) Coccygeal
(b) Lumbar
(c) Sacral
(d) Thoracic
Q.245. In the autonomic reflex that regulates blood pressure, the type of sensory receptors involved
are
(a) Baroreceptors
(b) chemoreceptors
(c) nociceptors.
(d) Thermoreceptors
Q.246. Which of these structures is innervated almost entirely by the sympathetic division
Q.248. A patient suffering a myocardial infarction (heart attack) has cold, clammy skin because of
strong stimulation of the
(a) 12
(b) 21
(c) 31
(d) 43
Q.250. The deep groove on the ventral surface that extends the length of the spinal cord is the anterior
median fissure.
(a) enkephalins
(b) Acetylcholine
(c) Catecholamine
(d) Synapse
(a) coccygeal
(b) lumbar, sacral and coccygeal
(c) sacral
(d) sacral and coccygeal
Q.253. What two grooves extend the length of the spinal cord and partially divide it into right and left
halves
(a) anterior median fissure and central sulcus
(b) anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcus
(c) central sulcus and longitudinal fissure
(d) longitudinal fissure and posterior median sulcus
Q.254. The fibrous strand or terminal filum that anchors the inferior end of the spinal cord to the
coccyx is a continuation of the
Q.255. Space superficial to the meninges in the spinal cord area in which an anesthetic is
injected to block pain impulses from the pelvic area
(a) Cerebellum
(b) medulla oblongata,
(c) Midbrain
(d) pons.
Q.257. The nerves that supply the upper limbs enter or exit from this area of the spinal cord.
Q.258. The nerves that supply the lower limbs enter or exit from this area of the spinal cord.
Q.259. Sympathetic preganglionic axons enter the chain ganglia through the
Q.260. Which of the following statements about the spinal cord is not correct
Q.261. The inferior end of the spinal cord is anchored to the coccyx by the
Q.263. The gray matter on either side of the spinal cord is subdivided into anterior, lateral and
posterior
(a) Columns
(b) horns,
(c) funiculi.
(d) fasciculi.
Q.264. The lateral horns of the gray matter in the thoracic region of the spinal cord contain the cell
bodies of
(a) somatic motor neurons.
(b) parasympathetic motor neurons.
(c) sympathetic motor neurons.
(d) sensory neurons.
Q.265. The gray matter on the right and left sides of the spinal cord is connected by the
Q.266. Which of the following terms is synonymous with columns as in columns of white matter in the
spinal cord
(a) fasciculi
(b) funiculi
(c) horns
(d) tracts
Q.267. Each column in the white matter of the spinal cord consists of one or more
(a) funiculi
(b) gyri
(c) horns
(d) tracts.
Q.268. The white matter in each half of the spinal cord is arranged in
(a) columns.
(b) gray commissure.
(c) Horns
(d) roots.
Q.272. Which of the following is not true about the knee jerk reflex
Q.275. Inhibitory interneurons are involved in which of the following spinal reflexes
Q.278. Which of the following combinations indicates the correct distribution of spinal nerve pairs
Q.280. The white matter in each half of the spinal cord is organized into three columns. Which of the
following is not one of the columns
Q.281. The brachial plexus supplies nerves that function to contract which of the following
(a) brachial
(b) cervical
(c) choroid
(d) umbosacral
Q.283. Which of the following combinations of spinal nerves supply the brachial plexuses
(a) C1-C4
(b) Cl-Tl
(c) C5-T1
(d) T12-S5
Q.284. Which of the following are not peripheral nerves associated with the brachial plexuses
Q.285. Which of the following nerves arising from the lumbosacral plexuses are the largest and
longest peripheral nerves in the body
Q.286. Which of the following plexuses is not paired with a peripheral nerve originating from it
Q.287. The ventral branches or rami of spinal nerves do not join to form nerve plexuses in which of
the following spinal cord areas
(a) cervical
(b) lumbar
(c) sacral
(d) thoracic
Q.288. After severely breaking his left humerus in an accident, a man lost sensation on the posterior
aspect of the limb and was unable to extend his forearm, wrist, or fingers. What nerve was damaged?
(a) Axillary
(b) Musculocutaneous
(c) Radial
(d) Ulnar
Q.289. After severely injuring her hip in an accident, a woman was unable to extend her right leg.
What nerve was damaged
(a) Femoral
(b) Obturator
(c) Tibial
(d) Pudental
Q.290. Which of the following nerves arises from the brachial plexus and innervates all of the extensor
muscles of the upper limb
Q.291. Which of the nerves arising from the lumbosacral plexus is the largest peripheral nerve in the
body
(a) femoral
(b) ischiadic nerve
(c) obturator nerve
(d) pudental nerve
(a) Peripheral nerve is similar to smooth muscle in terms of the connective tissue investment
(b) Most nerves contain afferent and efferent fibers and thus carry both motor and sensory signals
(c) Nodes of Ranvier are most easily seen in cross-section of peripheral nerve
(d) None of the above
Q.293. Before a doctor performs an episiotomy, a cut in the perineum that makes the
opening of the birth canal larger, branches of what nerves arising from the
lumbosacral plexuses are anesthetized
Q.294. Nerve fibers in the phrenic nerves that innervate the diaphragm arise primarily from what
plexuses
(a) brachial
(b) cervical
(c) lumbar
(d) sacral
Q.295. Which pair of spinal nerves does not supply any skin area
(a) CI
(b) C8
(c) Tl
(d) SI
Q.296. The part of the brain that acts as central relay station is the
Q.299. The ___________ area in the brain acts as a final "switching station" for most incoming
sensory information.
Q.300. Nerve cell bodies and dendrites are not the only locations sensitive to neurotransmitters.
Receptor sites can also be found on
Q.301. The channels that transport sodium and potassium within the axon are called
Q.302. Which of these veins drains blood from the posterior thoracic wall, and delivers blood to the
superior vena cava
(a) Synapse
(b) Soma
(c) Neurilemma
(d) Production of ion potentials
Q.304. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the shaded area in the drawing below
(a) lesion results in deviation of the tongue to the contralateral side upon tongue protrusion
(b) nucleus associated with nerve receives input from the contralateral motor cortex
(c) lesion results in atrophy of the ipsilateral tongue muscles
(d) nucleus associated with nerve contains lower motor neurons
(e) three of the above
Q.305. Which is the best explanation of how a nerve impulse is carried from one neuron to another.
The action potential or impulse
(a) Jumps the synapse similar to the way a spark jumps the gap in a spark plug.
(b) Causes the axon terminal to squirt out a chemical toward the next neuron
(c) Causes the axon terminal to expand and touch a receptor site
(d) Bursts open a gap in the wall of the next neuron's dendrite
Q.306. The fastest neurons can send impulses at about ____________ miles per hour.
(a) 200
(b) 425
(c) 150
(d) 45
Q.307. A nerve cell carrying information from your brain to muscles and glands is called a
Q.308. The emergency part of the nervous system that prepares the body for fight or flight
is the branch.
(a) Sympathetic
(b) Parasympathetic
(c) Central
(d) Peripheral
Q.309. The function of the sympathetic nervous system is to prepare the body for
Q.312. A barefoot child steps on a bee, then jerks his or her foot back in response to the sting. This
response has likely involved all parts of the nervous system except
Q.314. The myelogram revealed that the dye had leaked out along the spinal nerves in the mid
cervical region on the right side. For the dye to leak out, what layer must have been torn or ruptured
(a) arachnoid
(b) denticulate ligament
(c) periosteum
(d) perineurium
Q315. An action potential refers to the traveling of a nerve impulse along the
(a) Axon
(b) Dendrite
(c) Axon terminal
(d) Cell membrane
Q.316. Cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the dorsal horn of the
spinal cord gray matter.
Q.317. Electrically charged particles of the elements ___________ are crucial in the transmission of
the nerve impulse.
Q.318. The autonomic nervous system contains two branches called the
Q.322. In the nervous system, electrical charges are set up because of unequal concentrations of ions
inside and outside the cell. This state is known as
Q.324. A nerve cell carrying information from your eyes, ears, fingers, etc. toward the CNS is called
Q.325. The pons acts as a bridge between the medulla and other brain areas and influences
(a) activity.
(b) sleep and arousal,
(c) motor behavior.
(d) higher reasoning.
Q.326. Broca's area plays an important role in ______, while Wernicke's area plays an important role
in ___________
Q.328. What effect do neurotransmitters from one neuron have on the next neuron
Q.330. Your brain knows that you have stubbed your toe because
Q.332. When you are in danger, which part of the nervous system is responsible for your heart rate
increasing
Q.333. The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving information is the
(a) above the pedicle of L4 and at the top of the intervertebral foramen
(b) above the pedicle of L4 and at the bottom of the intervertebral foramen
(c) below the pedicle of L4 and at the top of the intervertebral foramen
(d) below the pedicle of L4 and at the bottom of the intervertebral foramen
Q.337. When a neuron is resting, the inside of the cell membrane is ______ and the outside of the cell
membrane is __________
(a) Positive, negative
(b) Negative, positive
(c) Negative, negative
(d) Positive, positive
Q.338. What is the most well-developed of the five major divisions of the brain
(a) Cerebrum
(b) frontal lobe
(c) cerebellum
(d) occipital lobe
(e) parietal
(f) temporal
(a) Serotonin
(b) Acetylcholine
(c) Dopamine
(d) GABA
(a) Serotonin
(b) Oxytocin
(c) Endorphins
(d) Norepinephrine
Q.342. The lobe of the cerebral cortex that responds to visual stimuli is the
Q.344. Researchers have determined that bipolar disorder is more heritable than a major depressive
disorder. They found that the more closely related family members are to someone with bipolar
disorder, the more likely they are to have bipolar disorder themselves. The correlation is not as strong
with major depressive disorders. These types of researchers are referred to as
(a) Neurologists
(b) Psychiatrists
(c) Evolutionary psychologists
(d) Behavior geneticists
Q.345. The part of a spinal nerve that supplies the true back muscles and the skin overlying them is
the:
(a) Thalamus
(b) Hypothalamus
(c) Basal ganglia
(d) Reticular formation
Q.347. The lobe of the cerebral cortex associated with personality is the
Q.348. Which of these vessels does not carry blood that goes into the hepatic portal vein
(a) inferior mesenteric vein
(b) splenic vein
(c) superior mesenteric vein
(d) hepatic vein
(e) gastric vein
Q.351. In the ______________ circuit the flow of blood travels through the system of blood vessels that
carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the tissues of the body and back to the right
atrium.
(a) Pulmonary
(b) Systemic
(c) portal
(d) coronary
(e) fetal
Q.352. The part of the nerve cell specialized for conducting information is the
(a) Axon
(b) Cell body
(c) Soma
(d) Neunlemma
Q.353. A University student conies to the Emergency Room with a high fever, lethargy and a stiff
neck. After further examination, meningitis is suspected and a lumbar puncture is ordered. What
landmark could be used to insert the spinal needle between the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebral spines
(a) Anterior superior iliac spine
(b) Costal margin
(c) Iliac crest
(d) Transpyloric plane
(e) Umbilicus
Q.354. In the brain, the function of the reticular formation is similar to the hotel service known as
(a) Because the cerebrum is so indispensable to functioning, damage to it may endanger a person's
life.
(b) Even if damage is limited to less crucial areas of the cortex, the person's behavior changes so
radically that even casual observers know that some brain damage has occurred.
(c) Damage to the subcortex may endanger a person's life.
(d) The cerebral cortex is considered a part of the hindbrain.
(a) Aphasia
(b) Broca's area
(c) Wernicke's area
(d) Agnosia
Q.357. Which of the following describes brains of persons who do well on mental tests
Q.358. One of the main differences between the brains of people who score high on mental tests and
those v ho score low indicate that higher scorers have
Q.361. What is the difference between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI)
(a) MRI examines oxygenated blood, while fMRI examines hydrogen atoms.
(b) MRI does not allow researchers to examine the brain in action, while fMRI does.
(c) MRI examines glucose levels, while fMRI examines hydrogen atoms.
(d) MRI provides a two-dimensional X-ray, while fMRI provides a three-dimensional X-ray.
Q.362. You are walking through a bad part of town, down a dark alley, and carrying a large amount
of cash. Behind you, you hear a door open and close suddenly, and you immediately dive into the
nearest trash container. The part of the forebrain mainly responsible for your reaction is the
(a) hippocampus.
(b) medulla,
(c) cerebrum.
Q.364. As we move from lower to higher animals a larger proportion of the brain is devoted to
Q.365. Using an electrode, an experimenter produces flashes of colored light and simple visual
experiences in a patient undergoing brain surgery. Most likely she has activated the
Q.367. A person who had difficulty ____________ would be described as having aphasia
(a) Walking
(b) Smelling
(c) Eating
(d) Communicating
(a) Pons
(b) Cerebellum
(c) corpus callosum
(d) cerebral cortex
Q.369. The ____________ cerebral hemisphere is superior at perceptual skills and detecting and
expressing emotion.
(a) Right
(b) Left
(c) Cortical
(d) Subcortical
Q.370. By using electrical stimulation, reward (or "pleasure centers") and punishment (or "aversive"
areas) can be shown to exist in the
(a) corpus callosum.
(b) limbic system,
(c) occipital lobe.
(d) thalamus.
(a) Mouth
(b) Hands and fingers
(c) Feet and toes
(d) Legs
Q.376. An innovative scanning technique that uses magnetic technology to visualize brain activity is
called
(a) PET
(b) MRI
(c) CAT
(d) FMRI
(a) Mouth
(b) shoulder.
(c) feet.
(d) legs.
(a) Frontal
(b) Occipital
(c) Parietal
(d) Temporal
Q.379. If the brain were similar to the postal system, the function of the thalamus would be similar to
the role of
(a) postmaster.
(b) mail sorter,
(c) mail carrier
(d) Postmaster General.
Q.380. Which of the following is most closely associated with language comprehension
(a) Aphasia
(b) Broca's area
(c) Wernicke's area
(d) Agnosia
Q.381. The ___________ cortex is all areas of the cerebral cortex that are not sensory or motor in
function.
(a) Association
(b) Aphasia
(c) Broca's
(d) Agnosia
Q.382. The reflex control centers for vital life functions like heart rate and breathing are found in the
(a) forebrain
(b) medulla
(c) pleasure center
(d) pituitary gland
Q.383. Experiments with animals have found pleasure centers to be located in the
Q.384. Emotional responses to a traumatic event are most directly under the control of the
Q.385. The area of the frontal lobe that directs the body's muscles is called the
Q.386. Bodily sensations such as touch, temperature, and pressure register in which brain area
Q.387. The surgical procedure of cutting the corpus callosum is done in cases of
Q.388. Which of the following is a major function of the somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex
(a) primary area for receiving visual information
(b) analysis of body sensations
(c) location of motor control of the body
(d) primarv area for receiving auditory information
Q.389. An elderly woman suffered a stroke, and there was injury to Broca's area of her brain. Her
resulting speech impairment is called
(a) aphasia.
(b) agnosia.
(c) mind blindness.
(d) neglect.
Q.390. Which of the following changes would you expect to occur in someone whose frontal lobes were
damaged in an accident
Q.391. Which of the following statements about the artery of Adamkiewicz is not correct
Q.392. The major link between the brain and the glandular system is the
(a) hypothalamus
(b) pituitary
(c) CNS
(d) midbrain
(a) begins with the implantation of thin metal electrodes deep within the brain.
(b) cannot be used to electrically activate specific brain areas
(c) takes minutes to call forth aggressive behavior.
(d) cannot effect behaviors such as sleeping and euphoria.
(a) Pituitary
(b) Pineal
(c) Thyroid
(d) Adrenal
Q.397. The increased size and wrinkling of the cerebral cortex in higher animals is referred to as
(a) cerebralization
(b) hemispherization
(c) corticalization
(d) reticulation
Q.399. The visual area of the brain is located in the ___________ lobe.
(a) Frontal
(b) Parietal
(c) Occipital
(d) Temporal
Q.400. Weeks after an automobile accident, a friend continues to have difficulty maintaining balance
and movements. You should suspect that damage may have occurred to the
Q.401. Regarding to the development of the central nervous system all true except
(a) Left
(b) Right
(c) Subcortical
(d) Mid
Q.405. In most people, the right hemisphere of the brain is in charge of
(a) Language
(b) Logic
(c) Art
(d) Mathematics
(a) Cerebrum
(b) Cerebellum
(c) temporal lobe
(d) frontal lobe
(e) parietal lobe
(f) occipital lobe
Q.407. If a "split-brain" subject were given a key (hidden from sight) to feel with his left hand, he
Q.409. In higher animals, visible portions of the brain are covered with a wrinkled layer of gray
matter called the
(a) The two large hemispheres that cover the upper part of the brain
(b) The highest and largest brain area in humans
(c) The bundle of fibers connecting the cerebral hemispheres
(d) The outer layer of the cerebrum
(a) The left side of the body is generally controlled by the left hemisphere.
(b) The left side of the body is generally controlled by the right hemisphere.
(c) The right hemisphere is the dominant hemisphere in males but not in females
(d) A stroke to a person's left hemisphere will affect the left side of his or her body
Q.414. Maeen has recovered from extensive injury to her left cerebral hemisphere and has continued
her career with little sign of impairment. Her occupation is most likely