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PENENTUAN KUALITAS ISOLASI TRANFORMATOR TENAGA


DENGAN PENGUJIAN TANGEN DELTA
Muhammad Sigit Cokroyudho 2011-11-200
Dibawah bimbingan Dr.Ir. Uno Bintang Sudibyo,D.E.A, I.P.M

Abstrak
Isolasi kumparan trafo bagian paling penting pada trafo. Pemburukan atau
kegagalan isolasi kumparan dapat menyebabkan kegagalan operasi bahkan
kerusakan pada trafo. Salah satu metode untuk mengetahui kondisi isolasi
kumparan trafo yaitu menggunakan pengujian tangen delta. Skripsi ini
bertujuan menyajikan evaluasi terhadap kinerja dan kondisi isolasi pada suatu
trafo tenaga dengan pengujian tangen delta. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan
menjadi acuan untuk penelitian-penelitian berikutnya. Pengujian dilakukan pada
sampel trafo yang berbeda. Pengujian tangen delta trafo dapat dilakukan
dengan beberapa mode yaitu GST (Grounded Speciment Test), UST
(Ungrounded Speciment Test), GSTg (Grounded Speciment Test Guard).
Tangen delta diukur dengan cara menginjeksikan tegangan dan frekuensi yang
tetap dan didukung dengan perangkat lunak PowerDB Lite. PowerDB Lite akan
menampilkan tangent delta, arus bocor dan daya disipasi yang dihasilkan. Data
yang terkumpul dianalisis.
Kata kunci : Isolasi trafo, tangen delta, pengujian tangen delta
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DETERMINATION QUALITY OF POWER TRANSFORMER


INSULATION WITH TANGEN DELTA TEST
Muhammad Sigit Cokroyudho 2011-11-200
Under guidance of Dr.Ir. Uno Bintang Sudibyo,D.E.A, I.P.M

Abstract
Insulaton transformer coil on a transformer the most important part.
Deterioration or failure of the coil insulation can cause operation failure or even
damage to the transformer. One method to determine the condition of the
insulation transformer coil is using the testing tangent delta. This thesis aims to
present an evaluation of the performance and condition of insulation on a power
transformer with testing tangent delta. The result is expected to be a reference
for the next research. Tests carried out on samples of different transformers.
Tangent delta transformer testing can be done in several modes, namely GST
(Grounded Speciment Test), UST (Ungrounded Speciment Test), GSTg
(Grounded Speciment Test Guard). Tangent delta measured by injecting a
voltage and frequency are fixed and supported by software PowerDB Lite.
PowerDB Lite will display a tangent delta, leakage current and power
dissipation is generated. The data were analyzed.

Keywords : transformer insulation, tangent delta, tangent delta testing


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DAFTAR ISI

Hal

Halaman Judul
Halaman Pengesahan .............................................................................................. i
Halaman Pernyataan Keaslian Skripsi ...................................................................... ii
Ucapan Terima Kasih ............................................................................................... iii
Halaman Pernyataan Persetujuan Publikasi Karya Ilmiah untuk Kepentingan
Akademis .................................................................................................................. iv
Abstrak...................................................................................................................... v
Abstract .................................................................................................................... vi
Daftar Isi ................................................................................................................... vii
Daftar Tabel .............................................................................................................. x
Daftar Gambar .......................................................................................................... xi
Daftar lampiran ........................................................................................................ xii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang..................................................................................... 1
1.2 Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................. 2
1.3 Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................... 2
1.4 Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................... 2
1.5 Batasan Masalah ................................................................................ 2
1.6 Metode Penelitian ............................................................................... 3
1.7 Sistematika Penulisan ........................................................................ 3

BAB II TRANSFORMATOR
2.1 Pengertian Transformator ................................................................... 4
2.2 Prinsip Kerja Transformator ................................................................ 4
2.3 Jenis Transformator ........................................................................... 5
2.4 Kontruksi Umum Transformator ......................................................... 6
2.5 Komponen-komponen Transformator ................................................. 7
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2.5.1 Inti Besi ......................................................................................... 7


2.5.2 Kumparan ..................................................................................... 8
2.5.3 Bushing ......................................................................................... 9
2.5.4 Pendingin Trafo ............................................................................. 10
2.5.5 Konservator ................................................................................... 11
2.5.6 Dielectric (Minyak Trafo dan Isolasi Kertas) .................................. 12
2.5.7 Tap Changer ................................................................................. 13
2.5.8 Neutral Grounding Resistor (NGR) ............................................... 14
2.6 Rangkaian Ekivalen Transformator .................................................... 15
2.7 Pengertian Bahan Isolasi .................................................................... 17
2.8 Tingkat Tehanan Isolasi ..................................................................... 18

BAB III PENGUJIAN TANGEN DELTA PADA TRAFO


3.1 Umum ................................................................................................. 19
3.2 Tangen Delta dan Rugi-rugi Dielektrik ................................................ 19
3.2.1 Tangen Delta ................................................................................ 19
3.2.2 Rugi-rugi Dielektrik ........................................................................ 21
3.2.3 Konversi Rumus ............................................................................ 22
3.3 Pengujian Tangen Delta ..................................................................... 23
3.3.1 Tangen Delta Berdasarkan Faktor Koreksi Suhu ............................ 23
3.3.2 Pengujian Tangen Delta pada Isolasi Trafo .................................. 26
3.3.3 Pengujian Tangen Delta pada Bushing ......................................... 28
3.3.4 Moda Tes pada Pengujian Tangen Delta ...................................... 29

BAB IV ANALISA HASIL PENGUJIAN TANGEN DELTA PADA TRAFO


TENAGA
4.1 Prosedur Pengujian Tangen Delta Pada Trafo Tenaga ...................... 31
4.2 Benda Uji Tangen Delta ..................................................................... 33
4.3 Analisa Hasil Pengujian Tangen Delta dan Penghitungan Hasil Uji
Tangen Delta pada Transformator ..................................................... 33
4.3.1 Analisa Hasil Pengujian pada Transformator .................................. 33
4.3.2 Perhitungan Hasil Uji Tangen Delta ................................................ 35
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BAB V KESIMPULAN ......................................................................................... 38

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP
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DAFTAR TABEL

Hal
Table 2.1 Macammacam pendingin pada trafo ...................................................... 10
Tabel 2.2 Batasan nilai parameter minyak isolasi .................................................... 13
Tabel 3.1 Konversi niali tengen delta terhadap suhu ............................................... 24
Tabel 3.2 Evaluasi dan rekomendasi pengujian tangen delta .................................. 27
Tabel 4.1 Hasil pengujian tangen delta .................................................................... 34
Tabel 4.2 Perbedaan hasil pengujian dan perhitungan Blok 1 : Injection at H ......... 36
Tabel 4.3 Perbedaan hasil pengujian dan perhitungan Blok 2 : Injection at X ......... 37
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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Hal
Gambar 2.1 Prinsip kerja transformator ................................................................... 5
Gambar 2.2 Trafo tipe core ...................................................................................... 7
Gambar 2.3 Trafo tipe shell .................................................................................... 7
Gambar 2.4 Inti besi ................................................................................................. 8
Gambar 2.5 kumparan trafo ..................................................................................... 8
Gambar 2.6 Bushing ................................................................................................ 9
Gambar 2.7 Konstruksi konservator dengan rubber bag ......................................... 12
Gambar 2.8 OLTC pada Transformator ................................................................... 14
Gambar 2.9 Pentanahan Langsung dan Pentanahan melalui NGR ........................ 15
Gambar 2.10 Rangkaian Ekivalen Transformator .................................................... 16
Gambar 2.11 Parameter sekunder pada rangkaian primer ...................................... 16
Gambar 2.12 Parameter primer pada rangkaian sekunder ...................................... 16
Gambar 2.13 Penyederhanaan rangkaian ekivalen transformator ........................... 17
Gambar 3.1 (a) Rangkaian Ekivalen (b) Diagram Fasor .......................................... 20
Gambar 3.2 Kurva fungsi pengukuran tangen delta terhadap :
(a) Tegangan ; (b) Suhu ...................................................................... 25
Gambar 3.3 Rangkaian ekivalen isolasi trafo ........................................................... 27
Gambar 3.4 Struktur bushing ................................................................................... 28
Gambar 3.5 Diagram pengujian tangen delta C1 pada bushing .............................. 28
Gambar 3.6 Diagram pengujian tangen delta C2 pada bushing .............................. 29
Gambar 4.1 Rangkaian pengujian tangen delta ....................................................... 31
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran A Daftar Konsultasi .................................................................................. A1


Lampiran B Data Hasil Pengujian PT.Trafindo Prima Perkasa ................................. B1

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