EVS02: ECOLOGY AND ITS PRINCIPLES BY ARUN S BADKALIA

1. Which is the correct among the given below:

a) Biosphere>Biomes>Ecosystems>Communities>Populations>Organism
b) Biosphere>Biomes>Ecosystems>Populations>Communities>Organism
c) Biosphere>Ecosystems>Biomes>Communities>Populations>Organism
d) Biomes>Biosphere>Ecosystems>Communities>Populations>Organism

2. What do you mean by the term Niche?

3. Define
a) Ecological succession
b) Stratification
c) Habitat

4. Which among the following is/are correct regarding Amensalism

a) Association between organisms of two different species in which one

is inhibited or destroyed and the other is unaffected.

b) It has two basic modes: competition, in which a larger or stronger

organism excludes a smaller or weaker one from living space or deprives
it of food, and antibiosis, in which one organism is unaffected but the
other is damaged or killed by a chemical secretion.

c) Some higher plants secrete substances that inhibit the growth ofor kill
outrightnearby competing plants. An example is the black
walnut (Juglans nigra), which secretes juglone, a substance that destroys
many herbaceous plants within its root zone.

5. Any association between two species populations that live together is called
___________ whether the species benefit, harm, or have no effect on one another.
6.
a) Mutualism, association between organisms of two different species in
which each benefits.

b) The partnership between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and leguminous

plants is an example of mutualism

c) Cows possess rumen bacteria that live in the digestive tract and help
digest the plants the cow consumes is another example of mutualism

Which among the above is/are correct?

7. Carnivores attack animals, herbivores attack plants, and fungivores attack fungi.
Other species are omnivorous, attacking a wide range of plants, animals, and
fungi. This is called ___________ interaction.
8.

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EVS02: ECOLOGY AND ITS PRINCIPLES BY ARUN S BADKALIA

a) The predators lives on and feeds off its host, usually decreasing the hosts
ability to survive but not killing it outright.

b) Grazing species are not as closely tied to their food source as parasites
and often vary their diet between two or more species without directly
killing them.

c) Parasites capture and kill members of other species for food.

Which among the above is/are correct?

9. Which among the following is/are correct regarding commensalism?

a) Commensalism is a relationship between individuals of two species in

which one species obtains food or other benefits from the other without
either harming or benefiting the latter.

b) The host organism is essentially unchanged by the interaction, whereas

the commensal species may show great morphological adaptation. This
relationship can be contrasted with mutualism, in which both species
benefit.

c) One of the best-known examples of a commensal is the remora that rides

attached to sharks and other fishes

10. What do you mean by the term parasitoidism?

11. Dutch elm disease and Plasmodium transmitted to humans by the bite of an
anopheline mosquito, is an example of which interaction?

12. We need to breathe faster when we are on high mountains. After some days, our
body adjusts to the changed conditions on the high mountain. Such small
changes that take place in the body of a single organism over short periods, to
overcome small problems due to changes in the surroundings, are called
_______________

13. Adaptation is any attribute of the organism that enables the organism to survive
and reproduce in its habitat. The attribute can be

a) Morphological
b) Physiological
c) Behavioural

14. Mammals from colder climates generally have shorter ears and limbs to
minimise heat loss. This is called the _______ Rule
a) Allen
b) Haeckel

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EVS02: ECOLOGY AND ITS PRINCIPLES BY ARUN S BADKALIA

c) Hansen
d) Wendell Berry

15. A hyper thermophile is an organism that thrives in extremely hot environments

from 60 C. They are able to survive because of _____________

16. Choose the correct pairs:

Characteristic feature Vegetation

a) Sloping branches and needle like leaves Desert vegetation
b) Deep roots Taiga vegetation
c) Waxy stem, thick leaves or no leaves Tundra vegetation
d) Canopy Tropical vegetation

17. Mutations, change in climate, geographical barriers etc. induce variations over a
period of time. Variations are induced by changes in _____________
18. What do you mean by adaptive radiation?

19. Which of the following are true?

a) The presence of specific features or certain habits, which enable a plant or an
animal to live in its surroundings, is called Evolution.
b) The surroundings where an organism lives is called its habitat.
c) Gradual changes in an organism to survive in an environment is call Adaptation
20. A change in genetic material that results from an error in replication of DNA is
called
a) Mutation
b) Evolution
c) Genetic disorder
d) Biological succession

21. The most common way a population undergoes speciation is by _______ isolation.

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