OD DIDPw ele wol WI WPo eons surg? 2s ~" Ueanf MANOEUVERING FUGHT PERFonmANce : Range : Ronge ithe stad diatanta ( moasu'red) vith Respect do bho ground ) cbsravensed by on airplane On One Joad. of Fuel be. denote ha Tange. sbup oR - We — ress warght of tha. Araplara includes veny Hing : fubp tus? oad , Paty load, Cre Structwie - ete WE - Waght of fue dha fF instanton Yolua, and 9 chan Consumed lusting Flight ° Wr - wWaght of the Arrplane ushon ____fual itanks ome _empby - on Fuol tha at any Instant dusting the Flight » the UWerokt of ithe aisplane w 1 We Ww, + Wy 2D the Fleqht, uthe time, vale Sinee Wy 12 olecreasr dusting Wis also detieasing . Ender, ef charge ef weightSpacifie Fuso} Consumption for a propellesy. as Qe -We 4 @ P Pots ghaft Powe, and minus San fs Merestoy beeoue wi ts negate d For @ yet Propellep asrelare Ce = - We = 0 : = T : f- Pheiut Availadle - Cte 0Ve 3.8 : er f : { Spr - propeller eff revancep. 5 Cqn © Js pastteulanly . use fu) for generating Qn dquivalent cbhsuat — Speetfre Fuad (Lontump bor ~FsSuming a ner almaphine. Cho ered tho arsiplane eg Veloeky Vo x Vo = ds ’ de Ces = dws dt 4 T { or ‘ dt — duis 31 \a 3 2 ; gub an @D into far e J des ~Ye_dwe = eT ; Eas tas dws = aw ean @ beep mes ) } ape Ved = We BM, AQ cet ee 7 uy feta 4 vi Ls We- Gross w, - wegfan @ nm dvequently cated Brequel - Ran ge Range far Propeller. Sven Prrplanss : The Relatron bluse and ce im Given by” Hen weg Cqr @ con be @xpressed ay equatiors 4. Fly ok mast um 3. Have athe Alghact prsstbl Propelley Of ierencry Cpr) . 3B. Haye uthe lowest possthla Spectre ‘Guat Consunp ten ce) ! 4. Haye che Aighest | possible of qe = Wwarght le Brpicp Hotight ~Coos KeL™ Tha Velowty ts len by % =f fe. w) Vowrs)mox = (4 ian i: s - i tha Vola of marrmum life. do drag Te#10 (re = (ob a " By mee (eee mox ACnr Rarge For get - Propelled! Alrpla nas: 2 La woe 1 Pe Yo $C 2 = ae, Ci we ee - [2% - Baar tag thus tha gr wit Ol ee yas ar When GREonpleare. a Hyiag a Teermm of ch fen’ = eo. Pe feel dw “ Jaw cel Ged Ga ow My a9 donstant Pssuming CL, Po» 3 ard Lon 2 qn WB Gr be WBN as ve a. ifaw amr dw, Ss Ce’ Bes ep omy wit uae ~ — s pee aoe eo is 2 2 i ge tier ay) \ a VG283 Geyn @ wo a Srmplified ange - ny for a fat Propelled Braplana - : 2. Fly at max rmunm 1 fos 2. Haw tha fowest duod Consumpd.ton Fly at high abtrkude, whew Co 1s Imai 4. Cama a lot of Fuad - possible ubhout = pei Se. Exvvrance | By dhfinrtion 7 "@Rdmane te the amount = of uitme that ain tho andy aiptana Can stan in on ona dong of Fuad. The Fight Condittone for maxtmun Crdusana ara Aifired from dhote Of or _mamtemem Range = ae dwr at aT ae - Owe LP oh CeT al Sinn T= p ard Lew m ghady, lve Fight an DQ ton be wettlan a dws 32 hes atBS » a a o &____€ndusianta— for. propels —— Pt Arrplanes : Pay ¢ Seaqratrg fan (2) from dso; whing Wwe: © we t= E jwheew we w, ue have B2- 0" 1k dug . ye SHE RE — Wo 1 L a i ee ES J. ce OF Tr Y gor tha fan Dw the genera) “40 Qndusranw BE pf an aiplane - AF we OSsume Flight af Congtanh = Ce and The Specefic Fuad Consunptron < fT Se Cums, Propels, Oriven ~ Airplann & Qiree me Piet fn the Section, we tonardesr steady a a {Vratteloated ) Climb . a y T- De Wan = 0 > wD 5 by Weosp sco, 2D. J J 4 of tha = @usiptana New and Vextttah Componant PoJn pasticwday , tha Verttal Component '» ty defmton , athe Rate of chmb of — the Amplaxs: Ue dent, dhe “Rate of Climb by Rio. From thrs — cYogm Ve L 2 Goat ooh Yortzentad al Va Ver Ble © Vo §mo - tor, ~ dim bing Fuge ; Fors and Valouty aqrams Rie = Vo: Sap Mutiplying Cgn DO by heofuy 1 we hate - Ve PVA 9 Sy Yoo Srnth = Rp = = ig — Poway ava lable Ove Pousti, Raquitreddim S Gruss ecw; C 0 fon Dux get ay a) Rfe = Qxuts powts 3@ a Ww 3 Cleosly , the ‘rat. of Climb pends on D Woux Dowey tn Cembragtten uth = etka -Let@ht a Of the’ Prplana » the heghe, tho sbhouaty a the clowtsy tha drag, and the tower tha . uouight, che — buttesr the Uymb Pir formant - D For $tady, Climbing Pleght, lft rs fem then oD Wwuqht » dead, ~ fren e--(). o ks Wtasa! = a be Qs 4k 2 Wooo ee 2 at rs > 2» ‘ ; te Fors ; a Peeks. ahi Bragi Polag i | a De Geilo = qoi ( Coot KCL . : “Bub eqn inte Can DO | hast 2 a De ges feos * k (manel | \ » i qos fe : u z = ” B= Qostyo + kKwiele > (4) Q . qod . A Sob Can (Fo into - qn cS) we gett : y ‘i _ / 5 . 3 'Vind = Va | Td trw) wrakuls | D sane = Vo! 2 Cote (2) too - Y kee | > trots that 47 @ dow Wwaght Pou not APPLA Separately Graphical Approach + Ae tyven MOTE use fu graphea) tons brut bros: a pt « 1S the hod ugraph dragram, ushreh —% of tha. Arvuaft!s Verikua) “beloutey visas rh hortgontad butyl - : A Ph = TV0 | a Poses, : Crmss bestia Ph f. { “OwLaNS ? | a i (@) Propetieas = Prtren (h) tek Propet r Prvplane - Airplant- - 3 4 { #4 2 = 3 3 ! Te a7 3 ‘ \ 7 5 Bi + = : ay ~ pi 3] 5 F# a” ae 4 S St aete” ft 3 |e Zuo Bec Fah 5 __ geste’ 2 ae ft! = 5 ‘ J :at @ Hedoqmph —dragaam ~ dor climb porformanw, Gian obtidude- Analytial Approach : d By making that. d&somptron 1 utho = drag ' Boondall. tajaton that dose = | Gan (@) betom 2267S 40% Me eae es Tee a Mag a Pe ha a 4 2 A w 2k ve tind 2 Pe we [E-peete [Y) comm Soper - . —i aii =o be taleuh Ouvan Yo, tha, (orrteponding Rie = ee drrectty From Sqn. The Corres por dire ang tan bk doond From Sma = Re 2 * Lp, we Oba b Altrnatily, CUHdurg fan TOY Bis eds"Tent a omen Maximum Climb — Ang te: Te n- Wino = 0 Gib goes wee ae 2 O Crem 0qn } Week A Cosa. 7@ | Sub tan @ m Gn OD we gel tet Sno =- 4. tore ! : 2 Wo op. 32 By mating Tha Atsumptien — that éosb = 8 840 (Becomes a eer anon 2. -4l 9). Ww oe onetdesr tha A Ga. OF eh- Prepaid Preplana shone othe uthoud 4. escentta ley tonsbank — uot Velouty . Then Gon ¢) tater that maxim ery Olemb Angle Oma tori} Obey — wahen athe bee Ua drag ahd 1 a Mexrmom. thet 1 gat Propuied Arrplana: Qindads = Leehee 7 © a Met ST Sin rans Tt ~ Tyee The Flrghe — Yalouhy Corresponding uly Omar Footed. as & SataucdOnC can oO -G “O's oo oe ls w- 1 ee) as os 8 mex LO a Vem, § fe 2 ® Solum Gaga’) FF Fey 7 toe hom a det PaBRlle? Fraplana « : | Yom fee oe a | Frnaltys Mate of Climb i bho — forreeponds cto the meri * Qhimiy Orga vy @tten by Bie Jon, a Vey, 9 Ong 9 O Lie e. baa } for Fae a i Ales erg, oot bees" ") =e die le. Cons ides, tho Case ‘ ee = eet _ Prope torr sisaons : er y Shalt powers: from the recip rotal re Paton Engine The climb ingle for tha‘ propediest= driven Alrplana - nS = = oe aN g @in® = OPeP + 2 Be es *( ue “28 = c VowDerP ts assumed tonstanh with Vebpeity no Deh Gn] ard Selling he desivakte qual de camo v Pian da firurg athe. tonditrone = cthale will marimize Sind Ort eqn @D wer te Vor we have a ) Atsnol per — bole (yin ¢ YY Lage Ve wea s 3 Feet 0 Setteng the rtghb hand Side of @qr Li ute Zanoe? twrth Veo now representing Vidmat) - u :. 2 Votan + Dpr Lew) CIs) Varn es Cw}s) k en ba Cord Px? Cow tar: Sqn Gy ase much laoygeor han the - magn bede of utho | fireb term, and hone a. yaasora bbe_ : Apprommakton an ibe. obtaind by dropping Vo", tect WA ws + ob Gor Vamay for a Propelles= deivan, a r- Vomae = .twl) Ee) 3 C501) pe CPt) Mn tun Homa, Obtawed from eqn) Gn ba Intestsd into Eqn @ Ue GE Bmaxau YS we x! Masiiwiy Rote of | Cbmb.t Conside, the Casa of @ _jeb - propel Airplane whew 7 ts, rolabtvaly Constant with Vo. Rat. of Qbenb. tondtrons: @sspuialed) .esth inavimem vat’! of: Obmb tan be ound by, iff Rati of Chmb and Seth ings ubha desu ratte _ aqual dle zi, is Jb. 5 ase aes Attia) 2. RE V(Y) gy ¢ WBE 20 Ske wo is © Teed EF ume 80k the Mgnt awd Side we gnc Aqual do tem and than dtwen fe by a Ca (wy! Coie, wt obtain « ta 2ttwOWls) wk twee 2 oe ‘8. Rakes ve Wee oe Ue’ bE: 2 # eqn’ TD) can be | Uxprestad)':@s Mm, hams | ot (Ho) mas BISe” mutiphyeng -> Ba rat. 9. ® betowas et a ae ae a yt . acwwews) 2 owalt 8 oe ee ee ee 3 Cx Obie BC doin Coder For Srmplierty , fet : qs wis 9B Coo = w® tev _5(e .Then fqn @ tan be boattien oe @. 2 T qe. 3 oy z ne » C/o) 7 an ot a) quadwatte eqn mm. weber oF From tha fuad rabee nm) Cothab jim cbiims: of 8). “égn, ual Oba: : = 20Vw) Q Tf alti) @? + 1962/7 C1/p) Smo =e, 2. : ’ } By. Hastowng ps cul- vf mds tad @qn © heey tr. a 5 he a oe "Tata at ~ Reta 8 + at: a ee * Wotnes ce | > a 7 “Bie (EK eine argn” gives, agai Es Yolen. OF eh eer hone phystial, 20. we ue only plus Sign « Finally rraplaang 8 a te th Ognee®, with thay dafrutrons qian 19 agns- Ww, ard ras peckrvaly , ‘anc co thong that Vo vapresente — Veeta)mas * For a+ jeb- Propelled Atrplane iDa Se Ra) a) a? Sat Sp ey ey! SP Sy 3s o's w so C : to. Ver att ae (Ww) Cw) x ee 1 sPatio [it ‘* eh oat og bm An gn fey tha. Maxfmum,. Rate of 1 CG GB Sbkamed iy” Substituting Vee icdma, ror TRAD tga” 4 Gimpuifip tha Resulting, “presen a ‘ eee et eh tee SQ. : : ~ Celine Cyl Thin qm XO) betsinta oy eines : Me Veele\mag = (‘cee te) el 3@ + 30x Coun Z Subuituteng tan D tats Car ® ies iil we Ve won FF J (le) mae = [ee y” oo BPA trie Mw) Cow KLE Ceeod *[d- te Ufu)Um) = fore a buye)kL Seater 3 Pay Gey (Ms) ba Ola) Ove brn se “ker eo oun" Fa ba “ah BPe lore _ |The last ‘term mm. Sn (daw bes Wowie as 5 fbtlows 5 by Yeiolirng uthat Cty) moe = "Ay recor ) bee 2 ap Uw) A Rt 2B TAw eo a : ee oe 8 (fw) = thw)? 2 2 Cw Co) mar Z 0 3 Hore, Ogi UD) “bewmis for a Jet Propetied..: Omplare © a 4 Remar fe Pee tezo ) 2Px C0 Se % ihwP He) mar 5 : E Cos sagicie {qn (B) demonstrate dehed khsast - obi Wail 5 Facto playe @ - poweyful tél in debe mwrong 8 Ce) mm. Hower, | San cleaaly shoves thet! "blelemae!; tbetng on domrnatid by tha thowt - dae tought Rott, detsieasen tot, Qn increase 7) Coit GPER tae of ~h Broptiion hen 9 fvallobla Der P ss Atrplana, uofth uth Pewee 2stentathyy Comstank * Aone af? y #2 (Rh )mee = M@ntmurh “ttese POUL 5 gy: Re Me Fhghr- Vlouty’ for maximom . Wh ot Chmb “for a Propetie, dtvan Airplane -S ° 9 2 o oO a o a qr (BD Canolyttiad. , Approach) and Teo ‘h Veeidis = (ae ca}? (} Pat atyo 37" fin expression for. tha Taxtmum tel of chr tan be obtained by neesttrg yn (E)nta Gey Te = Pre Dey P for a Propelesr- Astves Aiepla From eqn of), CAralytread . MPProach) . Clo = LP los Der “Mel Lee ta(™y tot Erte ea] ow Condildns for ‘moxrmom ‘rote oF Clnb for Oo Propelies;- detven Arrenare earth p at Available. Constank worth Flight layouts Kreck Gq (@ mle Can CD do Sbtaws fe) Pie) 7 PE Yalan [dee owed FES t CwA)em 2 ay Cal Yea)d we f9eo70) ai|touch Simpivfig Jb } Came = tect - Yakine | [2 tore! Trice [48> the fast bop time on as tombme 8 follows» { Heeere op [axeasa = ax 3 {3 : es fa /: kp D+ = Vee. pt ites TF ee eno tan Can (9) ton be atten as bt oA R e n We tet Roar ie ia en et : propella - driven 1 ‘ ‘ a Iter Cho) er a fie ("cated Gilding COnpowernd) Flight. , Whenemy. an aiplana ts lyme auch oh y tthe pow; mequived — ta : looper uthan the pow 2» Available, Wik oi deceandh rath chan tha th 2 "Saitplon. ( & an expensive, high performante_ Db UPPowesred aviviatk . : a “A Otidar" fe q rude, Cow — perform ante, e Uppowerrd ainafe « DB For steady , tunace elomatrd dectand wohioa. 4 Ou. the -dqullebrrum Q@Ude arg te, D b= wetme Uy wo a Bew.din@ 9s (2) a pbtasned) fhe ¢quilbbstum, glide Ongla ts by —alivading — qn —@—by fae 8 ae Sn8 BR 3 tose BL ao ze 9 lanO = 5 =i ® & claamly, tha glide angle I alsricthy +9 5 functron oof dha Sift = 0g rabio, wha, o hig hey dhe — b/p tha Shallowe; the. v Guide. angle From qn @ phe Smallest. Bo 8 gee baum gitde_ angle occuns ak ‘ 0) maeNan Onin = t 3 Ufe)may ee _ tevantal” “sh SS } Sef Flight poth =n bers Votoafy ..chagram for qualia 0 ivan alltiFucla hj dhe ‘8s for a Ble howgentad rstorte. covered tase for moximum veg the qreungh Umar.’ Rangel an = , _o dom not She... Ogasttr Ida angle 3. : i 2 te armpl yp — copend — on altitude. “ORSEtGINg + doadiry ¥ , dapends on bt dh drag atm qiven fo achieve a given Kf ak @ allude, utho aritsiaft cust" - Spoytred Welouty ke tolled equi brum ff Valouty, inte 2 bw On Vo stefqn WD bevomes Lee tesa = Wtns0 Yo= /2tme w =6 Cot & Torna) tyenal a Consides} agai athe tase. For 6 Girda. Ange ax Budled by fan (fer? meden Prplare, Ufb)ma > I. Be ee oe eee (aRate of Oecunls Jometimes Called) Sink rato , ts Wha glotunword Vertrad atouty of than Auaplona: Veo fe tc, for unpowened Fight, the analog of Tot. of tBmb for pou Flight. Rate of Age x Ye Yo tne —(6) Rata of desuxt 29 0 Posrtrye umbest downward —dusedtion- Multiplying @qn by be and instrting nto Ban (B vue hove to, 'S f Dh = Whe Sing = WW \ a) Veo Die 1. Simply UR Peer «Mquered, FOC steady, eval fhgabs Hines, otha Vasation ob - Ve with looky 1 “athe Sona, a Re POWER reg usied dunve » Gvraled by the thodig i minum om a Tote Pre roe doe uke Some 3 p08 ig maximum « 3 @ ‘ es 2 Vo) ant rote = (2 (=e) : for dha, NIU) 4 iB thay. Ce4tfep) 8 fro Flight Valoutiy Sink rate — C trees porcling vas than that for TRestmuay -MmInimun ube marten Wen) Qbde arate ¢ tor reap neling.Pn Onaly tia) Gpressron for Sink’ wile Ww be obtouind a2 fotlouss » From eqn WD Wap et = Len ridee. ho = [ eeene 4B Owns ey Sab a) ate Cgn BO), ur howe Ww = Voom - Sing ®. 2 Rmcbg Sn BD &. bn @, obtain witnO= DB tng £e teso > Cs) ia q oft eon ® nto Con ®, ug | have Pa Cat/ at) ft shows thal sre Sink rok, Aeereates Lotth Aetreasing aQbtitude and imawse as tthe SQuame mot ot tongs loading »Leven foen : a, level busy fs one in ushueh uth Cusived Flegkt path ts in a hergontad plan! Panaji uo the plan of the ground ; tat | stn a ‘loval Churn = =octha abtude §=(‘Yemaini ; Constant in a deved tasinwee wee ED'S Hens, the aidplane ts Ranked = thdjough — tha = Yel orga the magaituda of otha bie and he Yalu. of @ aye adjusted Suth that da Vota) Gomponanh of cf, denoted by btesd Grout hy equals uthe = wig yor Liwsp = = aD fr alwoys barng th a howgontel plano - mbt 2 amg 2) . bee > Ge ee uth oo le) Tada. Of Cunvatun: af Flight gpakhyth howgerlal plan ‘ 2 m Ke» kant C2) R statment — cbhed Ggn Bs Amply 9 phystuad halonud, by the cont 0 rfug for mio ie ae — oe a) shia Sirs . th Yodta)® “Forta =“ h sings. tho fing peorformahar'y Chanaebprist ta of ie O80. Qriatast importants in cluoining Firght 1) fuse Radtus + 2) Furn Rate wos Atb/ ae tha. Qmojfest Possrbla tusin “a tho fagtasl possible - hugs Tate weCosp = = it 3p WS 1, iw tho Tato Wy fs an * Important Paxamety ! Y n husning Plflormonta » IE i dafimadd 98 deed) focdor 9, we hove 386 tortie n Ww L Ww gn LB tan. be te ae ost 3 i tha. oll angle “hb dapands ofy 9” load Fats’ fo obtam an @xprerston fer “tha turn Rad may" 4 trees, oe i qn (@) ~ ard Aolve. for Rk. + Ba met w 2 2 ns = WS Ye a A" 5 _. L-Sings & sing aha > & = é tor p = L t Yrigonemahre —ictant itp toa 7 gine | the (YF she Con anoe [1b singe? te ear ee FFsa +. eee By Substring Pqn (mt fan (3), ctha Pui is Realrus ta @rprestad as (fue Radius) ~—3 (> 5 Ve and. 24 Tho kuin admis depends. only on a aA x fo Bats "fhe. Qrrilleak.. possible Rr wi sant fortor . 4 Le The highest possible. ubtoad ‘oko * 2 hous t possi ble. velouityy * 2 a, 2 tho, 2 e (> obtarh an expreaton for 2 ubnon vale ws 2 le > a a8 = Vo —2 (0 7 ae ee ha Rapleurg — R eon QD, ve howe usin vole > Ut or 2 1. the Highest possible Inad far 2 2. Lowal Possible vefodtty oO a a a a 97° 2 : 3 oMinimum Tuan Redria: a The. Conditions for minimum “Rone four G “by Setting AFR dip=0 - tha algebra worll ba mph foun dead with dynomm priteuve, Qe t Ooh, Sethe than Me. - ; ' 1 Hen ftom @gn “Cs tn layed Putin Bes 4 o 4 , fe-s [oe = 2 Drk Om B with reaped @ 9S, remambiovng that 5 1s gq fametron of Wo. han Fo, ard >! Sibtteg the = dusuvabive —aquad up “Z29D, un howe me = Agel. - 2g C0900 Cn?) ddan * fad Seo CO | , g* ©2 tn?) oe ager ee. =m de ‘ Loans ier aga : (or) 3 oa H Gon dt an SS WD dts Tha loads foultor 9 as a funetron of Po t = pre by ~ writen ‘mw tome of Qo-eeeeoerecotece cc pe vs qo ( 7 les S10 emia) (3 FSS > Ww Bit ea, (G) with repeat do note Ode 2 YE _ qa tore e - —— Is Age 2k LW 3) ktw/s}2 we CES Sub an ® ard CE) inka Can \) . we hove - _ L Det fcatse 21 gett GPa 2G kiwis) W kU way fal, meant Combirung d Contell ing Uberfes 3 be get Go LT/w) =| die ( Wis) er qe RK Wis) ub Dina Gas Leste” tar (BH becomes 2 eng’ = | Mat | gy Wenn num | 2? fe ee | . hs equation (BH Gives tha. Value of Vag wohtch rade Corresponds bp fhe, infimum cbuernieg cthis Veloutep to denoted = by Clemm anli fa dui, load fanr tormaporditea — € this Inboas 1 ound. bp Sub Gan GD ad Cam uw)= Ge Cw) - 95 Cao KL wis k twfs| ® = 2k Cis) etm) iy cwtes* Core Aw) Ome) aya Gf = R- kepie - hu) Rey = [>> wee 3 Cy ® San (RB Gra the lead farbor «= tn rea ponding tte tha mrmimern chupining tadius, denolid by Damn * Finally , tho oypreston = for in eUNn tusmang ‘radrus te Obama) by = Bub Eqn We and Gan (6) to tan @ writen a oe Ron = Venn Mt ,o¥ 2 . i OTpwl® Crim = Ake (w/a) a Fee Cw) {> wee “Ch asee RN rg bee ga oe? SCC Oo ee ee ce IG IEIE Ua), . 2tmjs) | kb ke = Cx pie 7 e Pou - Ur ard = Pot - Down “Maneuvers: = anes 2 ee Consider ardplana., tnitally om straight ard lowe fight; whee Lew. the prlet Suddenly prtcheg tha auiplann cto a highax Angle af Peat Sush that othe ptt Gaddanlee _inurdhses - Because upisard , - The - tha verti) Rand busin how, dho Gtiplan = usrl| ~~ aah Flight path = becomes Cuoved «In Plana, wrth ao cbusn Radius vale do/yp. Tha 1a tolled . tho pull- AP Mancuyey . For the pute tp Manenvens , tha Yell angle 1s ze, whak m . de>Pot! — uP moneuvet + Vit a 3 Weos® = - R We tonerdened @ — guaatmad dun ( eenstond ght properties, sony lovey thew)? the | pull - tp onuve; —hil ug foes §=09 OF tnstantincus abun, Wwe OOK mtexeatad 10 To ; nator Yadtus enc) — tusin what dhe Tmonauven & initiahd . Morevesy, we aroma tha naberrte MOUS Pa up: ie -imkratad = “Prem abi RE torre pords love) Por rentab Fitakh . uebis ve Baoee ; ‘ 7 ob Putt-up perormance — Chwratbereguia vf q@rtoteat - ‘ LU + ps : ; oe fou the ctusin- Rodis R and tien ete te k Be om vo? q tw et het ae qCw-1) , the lodfaePor Ch) pe ue » Sea Nothing — bhad Har is that — @an(Q -tan be nes Rave 38 qth-!) | ae al Veo Angulay Valoty w « a ieee gen=!) 2B t Vo = oe nip ™ Mena fromHana o R= Vo . 7’ Vas oo eat ear 3 Sine ne Wy ban (@ bewomas a ee etna) @ + and we Vofe bettors ine” Quiet ws | rs B® ; note tha «= Similanity bf dara (Qo @ ier ect —ugp oad — ble tqrs Bard 1986. “pull: desen 2} ond plus SRT the dHoune & only & moth ie fm tha tase. for loved chew, for athe pull R ond ww capes only } up and publ. downs om dhe Fight chosrarb eon otis Yeo and -A, w hugitmion Case loroe = pan _Frotoa : Aang Considey bho ckusin. fadrus @quatfons for aay uthe “lave? ctusin, «= PUL) up, and) = pels Poton mane } r Psy foved chun Ro Ye? ae bey ad * oy oe 5 ey Pur tp Ra Veo is, O35 Pty qtney : “Oo Pur Dour = R. Vo" oa), v qtr) : 0 fry the. Wernit of lore. Jood *fador noel: “2 : ' a 2 a Re Veo i 1 ~ a 7 ak BS 2 he Teed busin, publ tp , and, pubs .- down 2 = Ma nouvers 3 D foveal” hum = uae [nel as 5 vo 5 Pull up ws Gtr sf) ve 3 Pelle Bown we. ginal 3D Stes? uthese to the mit of lange Doct Foutor, cthaes gh rictum Ltd athe = Some form, ro nelyVen Dingram: ty fhiye ast Shruchusya) ubmitafirons On Ho. mosxemum vioad tachor allswed) for 2 ger’) a 5 US plana thesia ano - tlivo (alegories of — ¢Pructunal 5 elimitatrons th Uplane design ‘ 2. mrt load factor - fr ts che boundoory | associat. .with piemanent sbruebused difoymotton of ona or More Pacis abphna- tf te lee. than otha obit 2 toad foctor, the strurtusa mary “ deHot x x k Et RO \ } 6 of tha * ak auoning &@ Marouvesr , bulk ety rte ovtgenal) State when oad GF ok Qreothey gt MN lest alma facbns weet axpertsrte— ¢ ‘th, atiplane sbruttuse — witll ‘ ptsimanent deformallreny so ufll Ine Sbruckural damage 1 2. Ultimate frad) factor : hrs tg Uh : beundany Atsouatad with oubaraht startund ultt mals failuna CF on & grec han of atiplana voll] lead fautor, pasile break .structed Fail ua oO aVE UcTinee LOAD Factoe STRUETURAL OAM Posmve unit loan FRectoR Vas, Itnots © », z 4 aMpuet von. Samagt gl SPO Orman, Lone Ener { shuctunal Gilure « Ven. DBingram } * Firg Wt envelopeu A ven diagrom ig gq type OF for a \Qiven cuplan ; uk estabhehes the maneuve 5 ~ Boundasites r : F the 7 ©. The oie. blo A ond B qepresents . 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Speo) of tha Bi¥elana™ the Ven Bragram ; horigontay. rbma: ED Corrapends ut — negakive absolut” Angas. of ©! allack , uthoat = nagatrye fe 4 Cusiva Ae define, the Siow wbrork + cy + Une €B gryss tho eagattva Umile ooa) ° fase, beyond whieh Sheucturral damage |! bor Gensey Bu “2, 3 a 3 + ohne pF Giveg tha negabive ubHimedte choad foukay beyond which St ructunad Failure uoil) Oacady + for Instantaneous maneuves pisiformonta » pomt Boon Ven diogrom ts wey important © Thrs Port ts eolle) Mohauves; pernt * dp paint Bs rs Pearqnathd”’ by be obtained 1 The Valouty — Comrtapending Called Cerne, — Velourty and yr, Cho: Corner Velouty tan for’ vlouly + Sy letding : » lth) me 9S : as than, VE, (fe Flight Velouitres * te mot possible. ule struch worally damage athe auiplane duns tdo the genvration of ctpe much ubft fn, tonaraalt yeh oa Ets, Greate; uthan VV", ee Sign be obiained aust Fe ubhet ; Can stjuctusally da mage ethe