A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH TO

MODERN COATING TECHNOLOGY WOOD COATINGS

 A Sustainable Approach to
Modern Coating Technology

Patcham FZC is a well-established manufacturer of specialty additives headquartered in the

United Arab Emirates. Since its inception, Patcham has steadily grown into a leading supplier
of specialty additives for the Paint & Coatings, Ink, PVC and Composite industries.

The companys Pat-Add range of coating additives includes wetting & dispersing agents,
defoamers, slip & leveling agents, rheology modifiers. Whilst keeping focus on environmental
sustainability, the company produces products using green raw materials that are APEO free
and have low or no VOC.

These products are multi functional and multi compatible, which simplifies the production
process, reduces the chance of errors and minimizes inventory thus improving cost
effectiveness.

Patcham has built a strong manufacturing and R&D infrastructure that enables the rapid
transition from concept to products. The company has strategically located technical service
laboratories, offices and representatives around the world to provide the most efficient
customer service. In addition, a well-developed robust supply chain network enables it to
deliver its products and services to customers around the globe with minimal lead-time.

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 Contents

Introduction 1
Wood coat sealer and primer
Waterborne sealer 3
Solventborne sealer 5
Wood coat clear
Waterborne clear 8
Solventborne glossy and matt clear 9
Pigment concentrates / stain for wood coating
Waterborne stain / pigment concentrate 13
Solventborne stain / pigment concentrate 14

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 Introduction
The main challenges involved in the development of wood coatings are poor substrate
wetting, presence of air bubbles, insufficient leveling and pigment settling. The latter is
attributed to primers and sealers with high pigmentations. To achieve flawless finishes, the
coating should provide excellent substrate wetting and leveling, low foam, surface slip
property, mar resistance, soft feel and surface smoothness.

Patcham offers a line of additives that help customers to address the above challenges and
provide best possible solutions. Patcham products allow coating formulators to develop
aesthetic as well as durable wood finishes.

Wood coating system

Wood substrate Sanding with emery paper and cleaning of substrate Application of
wood stain Application of 2 to 3 coats of wood sealer Sanding with emery paper
Apply 2 coats of wood coat glossy/matt clear.

Figure 1: Schematic representation of wood coating system

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 Woodcoat sealer and primer
Due to the porous nature of wood it has to be properly sealed with sealer or primers. Primers
pose challenges for sealing due to incorporation of air bubbles during the grinding stage.
Patcham defoamers prevent the formation of micro/macro foam during manufacturing and
application of wood coating sealers. Patcham has a line of defoamers for various types of
wood sealer applications.

Purpose of sealer

To fill the grains in wood

To get uniform coverage

To get uniform color

by reducing blotching

Figure 2: Role of sealer in wood coatings

Waterborne sealer

Patcham offers a package of additives for waterborne wood coat sealers which includes
wetting and dispersing agent, defoamer, coalescing agent and rheology/sag control agent.

Table 1: Patcham additives for waterborne sealer

Waterborne wood coat sealer

Dosage on total
Additive Features formulation (%)

Specially designed polysiloxane based defoamer to

Pat-Add AF 34 prevent micro and macro foams with excellent 0.01 - 0.4
balance, foam control and compatibility Grinding/Letdown

Wetting and dispersing agent for pigments and fillers;

Pat-Add DA 603 enables high filler loading, provides optimum viscosity 0.5 - 2.0
Grinding stage
and long term stability to the sealer.

PU associative thickener provides best rate of viscosity

Pat-Add Rheol 99/100 regain with sufficient flow and finish. Avoids viscosity 0.4 - 2.0
loss on tinting and exhibits good anti-settling Grinding/Letdown
properties

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 Woodcoat sealer and primer - Waterborne sealer
Patcham additives have wide compatibility with waterborne 2K PU, PUD, acrylics and other
waterborne resin systems.

Pat-Add AF 34 is an oil and VOC free defoamer used in waterborne wood, plastic and
industrial coatings

Pat-Add DA 603 is a specially designed wetting and dispersing agent for all kinds of
pigments, extenders, fillers and sanding aids. It also contributes to less foam genera-
tion during wetting and provides stability to the dispersion

Pat-Add Rheol 99/100 is a PU associative rheology modifier with balanced rheology

profile maintaining mid and high shear viscosity

Table 2: Formulation of waterborne acrylic sealer

Formulation of WB acrylic sanding sealer

Raw materials Weight (%)

Water 9.10
HEC 0.40
pH Regulator 0.30
Pat-Add DA 603 0.50
Pat-Add AF 34 0.10
Propylene glycol 6.50
Biocide 0.30
Talc 5.00
Zinc stearate dispersion
16.00
(50% solution)
Letdown
Acrylic resin 60.00
Pat-Add Rheol 99 0.30
Coalescing agent 1.50
Total 100.00

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 Woodcoat sealer and primer - Waterborne sealer
Pat-Add AF 34 is an efficient defoamer for sealer application as shown in Figure 3 by roller
application test. This is further supported by the density cup test which also shows that
sealer with Pat-Add AF 34 has more density than reference, indicating less foam inclusion
in the sealer.
Reference Pat-Add AF 34

Figure 3: Foam test by roller application

Density test of WB acrylic sealer

1.05 1.03

1
Density g/I

0.95

0.9 0.88

0.85

0.8
Blank Pat-Add AF 34

Figure 4: Density test to study the defoaming efficiency of Pat-Add AF 34

Pat-Add DA 603 provides excellent wetting and dispersion of extenders and sanding aids
that gives optimum viscosity and long term stability to the sealer. Pat-Add Rheol 99 further
optimises viscosity, anti sagging property and therefore prevents settling of heavy pigments
in the system. The flow behavior of the sealer is shown in Figure 5.

0
Before incubation After incubation @ 50 C

Figure 5: Stability of waterborne acrylic sealer with Pat-Add additives

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 Woodcoat sealer and primer - Solventborne sealer
The package of Patcham additives for solventborne wood coating provides effective wetting
and dispersion of fillers, extenders and sanding aids; efficient defoaming properties during
manufacturing and application; excellent leveling, substrate wetting of wood and excellent
stability for the sealer.
Table 3: Patcham additives for solventborne sealer

Solventborne wood coat sealer

Additive Features Dosage on total

formulation (%)

Silicone free, polymeric defoamer for both clear

Pat-Add AF 62 and pigmented systems. Suitable for all kinds of 0.05 - 0.4
Grinding/Letdown
SB resin systems

Effective wetting and dispersing agent for

Pat-Add DA 1801 sanding aids, matting agents, extenders and 0.2 - 1.5
Grinding stage
pigments.

Polyether modified polysiloxane surface modifier

Pat-Add LE 1020 improves substrate wetting and matting agent 0.05 - 1.0
Grinding/Letdown
orientations

Pat-Add AF 62 is an efficient deairing and defoaming agent for solventborne

coatings and suitable for various types of applications like brushing, spraying,
airless spraying, roller and curtain coating

Pat-Add DA 1801 is an effective wetting and dispersing agent for zinc stearate,
extenders and fillers which effectively reduces the viscosity and enhances the
stability of dispersion. It also provides wetting of wood substrates and releases
the air trapped in the pores

Pat-Add LE 1020 aids flow, leveling, slip and mar resistance for wood coatings.
It also supports the wetting of wood substrate and enhances the orientation of
fillers and matting agents

The package has good compatibility with PU, Acrylic, Polyester melamine, acid catalyst and
other solventborne resin systems.

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 Woodcoat sealer and primer - Solventborne sealer

Table 4: Formulation of solventborne 2K PU sealer

2K PU sealer for wood coating

Raw materials Weight (%)

Part A
Acrylic polyol (50%) 70.00
Pat-Add DA 1801 0.30
Zinc stearate 6.00
Butyl acetate 10.00
Pat-Add LE 1020 0.10
Pat-Add AF 62 0.30
Xylene 7.40
Butyl acetate 5.80
Total 100.00
Part B
Aliphatic polyisocyanate 6.00
Mixing ratio (w/w) 100:6

Reference Pat-Add additives

Figure 6: Effectiveness of Pat-Add additive package in 2K PU sealer

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 Wood coat clear - Waterborne clear
The clear coats for wood should provide proper leveling, smooth surface, slip property,
scratch, chemical and UV resistance. Patcham offers a package of additives to achieve
exceptional properties for clear coats that includes wetting and dispersing agent
(if dispersion of pigments are required), defoamers and leveling agents. These additives are
compatible with PU, Epoxy, Polyester-melamine, TPA and acid catalyzed systems to
provide superior performance.

Waterborne additive package for wood coat clear

The package of Pat-Add additives for waterborne wood coating include leveling agents,
defoamer and rheology modifier.

Table 5: Patcham additives for waterborne wood coating

Waterborne wood coat clear

Dosage on total
Additive Features
formulation (%)

Polyether modified polysiloxane enhances flow and

Pat-Add LE 1030 leveling, substrate wetting and supports air release 0.05 - 0.4
Letdown stage
from the system

Provides flow, leveling, slip and mar resistance.

Pat-Add LE 1040 Contributes to orientation of matting agents and 0.05 - 1.0
Letdown stage
metallic pigments

PU associative thickener. Provides balanced flow

Pat-Add Rheol 99/100 and sag properties. Avoids viscosity loss on tinting 0.4 - 2.0
Letdown stage
and exhibits good anti-settling properties

Oil free, easily dispersible defoamer for clear and

Pat-Add AF 31 low pigmented WB resin systems with 0.01 - 0.4
Letdown stage
no adverse effects

Specially designed polysiloxane, oil and VOC free

Pat-Add AF 32 0.01 - 0.4
defoamer for versatile applications compatibile with Letdown stage
all WB resin systems

Pat-Add LEs additives provide excellent flow, leveling, perfect DOI, gloss and
substrate wetting

Pat-Add AF 32 eliminates foams during processing and application

Pat-Add Rheol 99/100 improves flow and anti sag properties of the paint systems

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 Wood coat clear - Waterborne clear
Table 6: Formulation of waterborne 1K PU clear

Waterborne 1K PU clear

Raw materials Weight (%)

Polyurethane dispersion 26.00

Polyacrylate dispersion 66.00
Dipropylene glycol methyl ether (DPM) 2.50
Butyl diglycol (BDG) 2.50
Pat-Add Rheol 99 0.50
Pat-Add LE 1030 0.30
Pat-Add AF 31 0.10
Water 2.10

Total 100.00

Figure 7: Wetting of substrate

Table 7: Formulation of waterborne 2K PU clearcoat with Pat-Add LE 1030

Waterborne 2K PU clear

Raw materials Weight (%)

Part A
Hydroxy polyacrylic dispersion 60.00
Pat-Add AF 32 0.06
Pat-Add LE 1030 0.10
Pat-Add Rheol 99 0.25
Water 21.54
Part B
Aliphatic polyisocyanate 12.50
Figure 8: Illustrating the
MPA 5.55 DOI and gloss of 2K WB PU clear

Total 100.00

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 Wood coat clear - Solventborne glossy and matt clear
Table 8: Patcham additive for solventborne wood clear

Solventborne wood coat glossy and matt clear

Additive Features Dosage on total

formulation (%)

Wetting and dispersing agent for matting agents

Pat-Add DA 1801 and other pigments. Provides stabilization to the 0.2 - 1.5
Grinding stage
pigments

Silicone free defoamer for both glossy and matt 0.5 - 0.4
Pat-Add AF 62
systems. Suitable for all kinds of SB resin systems Grinding/Letdown

Polyether modified polysiloxane surface modifier

Pat-Add LE 1020 improves substrate wetting and matting agent 0.05 - 1.0
Letdown stage
orientations

Fluoro based leveling agent for efficient surface

Pat-Add LE 1477 tension reduction with no adverse effects. Suitable 0.05 - 1.0
Letdown stage
for water repellent coatings
Polyacrylate surface modifier for excellent flow and
Pat-Add FL 7 leveling and no influence on recoatability and 0.4 - 2.0
intercoat adhesion. Suitable for all SB systems. Letdown stage

Provides slip, mar resistance and contributes to

Pat-Add SL 1120 0.05 - 1.0
perfect leveling Letdown stage

Pat-Add DA 1801 is used for the dispersion of pigments and matting agents to have a
uniform film. It promotes the orientation of matting agents and stabilizes the pigments

Pat-Add AF 62 defoamer provides optimal balance between defoaming efficiency and

compatibility with the coating

Pat-Add Leveling agents are multifuctional additives and they contribute as follows:

Excellent leveling and substrate wetting Contributes to air releasing properties

Slip and mar resistance properties Lower the coefficient of friction

Offer better orientation of matting agents Gives exceptional DOI

Provides soft feel effect No adverse effect on dry film

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 Wood coat clear - Solventborne glossy and matt clear
The formulation based on Patcham additives in 2K PU clear are shown below in
Tables 9 and 10.

Table 9: Formulation of 2K PU glossy clear Table 10: Formulation of 2K PU matt clear

2K PU wood coat glossy clear 2K PU wood coat matt clear

Raw materials Weight (%) Raw materials Weight (%)

Part A Part A
Acrylic polyol (60%) 75.00 Acrylic polyol (60%) 75.00
CAB solution (20%) 1.00 CAB solution (20%) 1.00
Pat-Add LE 1477 / LE 1020 0.20 Pat-Add DA 1801 0.20
Pat-Add AF 62 0.50 Pat-Add LE 1477 / LE 1020 0.20
PU solvent 16.35 Pat-Add AF 62 0.50
Ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate solvent 6.95 PU solvent 7.00
Total 100.00 Matting agent 4.00
Part B PU solvent 5.35
Aliphatic polyisocyanate 18.00 Ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate solvent 6.95
Total 100.00
Part B
Aliphatic polyisocyanate 18.00

Water beading test for 2K PU clear clearly shows that Pat-Add LE 1477 surface modifier
based clear coat repels water droplet better than the reference. This is evident by looking at
the shape of the droplet on the surface. Lower coefficient of friction value shows that
Pat-Add LE 1477 has better slip properties than the reference.

Figure 9: Water beading test on wood coat 2K PU clear

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 Wood coat clear - Solventborne glossy and matt clear

0.39 Coefficient of friction

0.38
0.38

0.37

0.36

COF 0.35

0.34

0.33
0.33

0.32

0.31

0.3
Pat-Add LE Reference

Figure 10: Coefficient of friction for 2K PU clear

Guideline formulation of acid catalyzed wood clear with Pat-Add additives are shown in
Tables 11 and 12.
Table 11: Formulation of acid catalyzed Table 12: Formulation of acid catalyzed
wood coat glossy clear wood coat matt clear

Acid catalyzed wood coat glossy clear Acid catalyzed wood coat matt clear

Raw materials Weight (%) Raw materials Weight (%)

Part A Part A
Short oil alkyd 33.00 Short oil alkyd 33.00
Urea formaldehyde 26.00 Urea formaldehyde 26.00
Melamine formaldehyde 2.20 Melamine formaldehyde 2.20
Xylene 14.70 Xylene 8.70
Pat-Add LE 1477 / LE 1020 0.20 Pat-Add DA 1801 0.20
Pat-Add AF 62 0.20 Pat-Add LE 1477 / LE 1020 0.20
Toluene 8.00 Pat-Add AF 62 0.20
n-butyl alcohol 5.50 Matting agent 4.00
Solvesso 100 10.20 Solvesso 100 10.20
Total 100.00 n-butyl alcohol 5.00
Part B Toluene 8.00
PTSA (40% solution in butanol) 4.00 Xylene 2.30
Total 100.00
Part B
PTSA (40% solution in butanol) 4.00
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 Wood coat clear - Solventborne glossy and matt clear

8 Defoaming time
7
7

6
Time (min)
5
5

3
3

0
Pat-Add Pat-Add Reference
LE 1020 LE 1477

Figure 11: Defoaming property of leveling agents in acid catalyzed glossy clear

The air releasing property of Pat-Add LE 1020 and LE 1477 are illustrated in Figure 11.
Pat-Add LE 1477 shows stronger efficiency in air releasing properties than the reference.

Pat-Add LE 1020 also supports the orientation of matting agents in the wood coating
systems and the panels are shown below.

Figure 12: Representing orientation of matting agents in acid catalyzed system

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 Pigment concentrates/stain for wood coating
Stain creates a rich, deep color that highlights the natural wood grain and enhances the
aesthetics of a wood coating. Highly loaded pigment concentrates and stains can be used
to provide desired color for wood coating.

Waterborne stain and pigment concentrates for wood coating

Pat-Add DA 603 is a robust dispersing and wetting additive for various types of pigments.
The additive enables high pigment loading and stabilizes the pigment dispersion whilst
being compatible with all types of WB resins.

Table 13: Patcham additive for waterborne colorants

System Additive Features Dosage (%)

Versatile wetting and dispersing agent White pigment : 1-5

Pat-Add DA 603 suitable for pigment concentrates of organic, Carbon black : 30 - 200
inorganic, black pigments and compatible with Inorganic pigments : 10-20
Organic pigments : 30-70
all WB resins.
WB Pigment On SOP (Grinding stage)
concentrates/stain
for wood coating Specially designed polysiloxane based
Pat-Add AF 34 defoamer prevents micro and macro foams 0.05 - 0.4
with the excellent balance foam control and Grinding/Letdown
On total formulation
compatibility with WB resins

Table 14: Formulation of waterborne wood stain Rubine red PR 254 DPP orange PO 73 Yellow PY 110

Waterborne wood stain

Raw materials Weight (%)

Styrene acrylic emulsion 60.00

Water 33.25
Figure 13: Flow behavior of waterborne
pH regulator 1.00 colorant for wood coating

Pat-Add DA 603 0.40

Transparent red iron oxide 5.00
Fumed silica 0.30
Pat-Add AF 34 0.05
Total 100.00

Figure 14: DOI and gloss of wood panel coated with

2K PU clear with Pat-Add DA 603 based colorant

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 Pigment concentrates/stain for wood coating
Solventborne wood stain and pigment concentrates
Table 15: Patcham additive for solventborne colorants

SB pigment concentrates/stain for wood coating

Additive Features Dosage on SOP (%)

High Molar Volume technology polymeric White pigment : 1-5

dispersing agent for all kind of carbon blacks, Carbon black : 30 - 120
Pat-Add DA 932 organic and inorganic pigments. Enables high Inorganic pigments : 10-20
loading of pigment concentrates and supports Organic pigments : 30-70
stabilization of pigments Grinding stage

Table 16: Formulation of solventborne resin free pigment concentrate

Solventborne resin free pigment concentrates

Raw materials Carbon
TiO 2 PY 74 PR 170 PR 101 PB 15:3 black
Mill base
Pat-Add DA 932 22.00 9.00 21.27 15.00 36.50 38.20
Pigment 60.00 26.00 20.00 40.00 20.00 18.00
Xylene : MPA (1:1) 16.00 50.00 20.00 25.00 20.00 41.00
Letdown
Xylene : MPA (1:1) 2.00 15.00 38.73 20.00 23.50 2.80

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

SB resin free pigment concentrates

for wood coating

Figure 15: Flow behavior of resin free Figure 16: Wood panel coated with stain and
pigment concentrates 2K PU clear shows excellent gloss and DOI

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 Notes

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 Notes

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PATCHAM (FZC) PATCHAM INDIA

P.O. Box: 7753, B-52, Pravasi Industrial Estate

Saif Zone, Sharjah, UAE Vishweshwar Nagar, Off Aarey Road
Tel: +971-6-5570035 Goregoan (E), Mumbai - 400 063 (India)
Fax: +971-6-5570038 Tel: +91-22-29272471
Email: patcham@emirates.net.ae Email: india@patchamltd.com

PATCHAM EUROPE BV PATCHAM USA LLC

Klavermaten 65-1 10 Commerce Road

7472 DD Goor Fairfield, New Jersey 07004
Netherlands Tel: (201) 293-4282
Email: eu@patchamltd.com Fax: (201) 820-0818
Email: info@patchamusa.com

The information given in this booklet is intended for technical guidance without obligation. Ver. 1.0