Pigment Wetting

A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH TO PIGMENT
MODERN COATING TECHNOLOGY

CONCENTRATES
A Sustainable Approach to
Modern Coating Technology
Patcham FZC is a well-established manufacturer of specialty additives headquartered in the

United Arab Emirates. Since its inception, Patcham has steadily grown into a leading supplier
of specialty additives for the Paint & Coatings, Ink, PVC and Composite industries.
The companys Pat-Add range of coating additives includes wetting & dispersing agents,
defoamers, slip & leveling agents, rheology modifiers. Whilst keeping focus on environmental
sustainability, the company produces products using green raw materials that are APEO free
and have low or no VOC.
These products are multi functional and multi compatible, which simplifies the production
process, reduces the chance of errors and minimizes inventory thus improving cost effective-
ness.
Patcham has built a strong manufacturing and R&D infrastructure that enables the rapid
transition from concept to products. The company has strategically located technical service
laboratories, offices and representatives around the world to provide the most efficient
customer service. In addition, a well-developed robust supply chain network enables it to
deliver its products and services to customers around the globe with minimal lead-time.
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Contents
Introduction 1
Patcham dispersing and wetting agents in focus 2
Water based pigment concentrates 5
Universal colorants 13
Solvent based pigment concentrates 15

Solvent free pigment concentrates
27
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Introduction
Pigment concentrates generally refers to any pigment dispersion used as tinting pastes or full
mixing systems. Pigment concentrates contain high loading of pigments dispersed with or
without a dispersing resin. Stainers, tinters, colorants, shading pastes are some of the
alternate terms used.
Types of pigment concentrates

Resin minimal pigment concentrate
Waterborne
Solventborne
Resin free pigment concentrate
Waterborne
Solventborne
Universal pigment concentrate
The advantages of pigment concentrates
Faster delivery
Lowers cost of production of small batches
Immediate availability for a wide color spectrum
Reduced cost of storage
Simplify paint production with higher reproducibility
Requirements of a pigment concentrate
Compatibility with a wide range of coating systems

Good storage stability at the highest possible pigment level
Color stable, no change in gloss, no haze, transparency, no flooding/floating
No syneresis or settling
Optimum rheology for computerized dispensing systems
Easy incorporation, low shear should be sufficient for optimum dispersing
www.patchamltd.com 1
Patcham dispersing and wetting agents in focus
The role of wetting agent is to gradually reduce the interfacial surface tension as a result
of which the air entrapped on the pigment surface is replaced by the medium. This results
in effective wetting of the pigment.
Pigment wetting & dispersion

During the wetting step, air and moisture occurring on the
pigment surface are driven off and replaced by the liquid
of the mill-base
Particle covered with
wetting agent
Wetting agents
Entrapped air Dispersing medium

Agglomerates
Good wetting (adjusting surface tension liquids phase through wetting agent):
Enabling high pigment loading Right beaker:

low mill-base viscosity with wetting agent,
high milling efficiency flowable mill base
Figure 2: Illustration of pigment wetting & dispersion
The process of dispersing follows Figure 3, which illustrates that dispersion requires the
input of energy to break up the agglomerates into primary particles. Mechanical forces such
as grinding or high speed dispersion are required for the above process. Once the
particles are mechanically broken down to their primary size, stabilization of the particles
takes place through the adsorption of the dispersing additives.
To ensure long term stability of the dispersed primary particles, the dispersant molecules
have to be firmly adsorbed onto the pigment surface. This means that the additive require
the effective pigment affinic groups or segments which can interact strongly in the pigment
surface by ionic bonding, dipole-dipole interactions or hydrogen bonding.
Electrostatic repulsion
Why are wetting & dispersing agents utilized
Stabilization increases with Steric hindrance
thickness of electrical double
layer Stabilization increases with
Dispersion
Agglomerated/flocculated Primary particles thickness of electrical double
particles layer
Resin/solvent compatible chains
protruding into the surrounding
vehicle.
> 100,000 particles
1 particle
Polyelectrolytes
Additives used for dispersion in
waterborne systems
High molecular weight products
containing electrical charges in side chains
Pigment powder De-floccuated Primary particles Polyphosphates
Polycarboxylates
Figure 3: Pigment dispersion process Figure 4: Mechanism of pigment stabilization
The mechanism of pigment stabilization as shown in Figure 4 is either by electrostatic

repulsion or steric hindrance or both. In case of water based pigment concentrates it is
electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance and in solvent borne systems it is mainly steric
hindrance.
HMV polymer dispersants
Patcham's innovative High Molar Volume technology dispersants are specially designed
polymers with a higher volume per mass as compared to conventional high molecular weight
dispersing agents.
Multiple anchoring groups and multi compatible polymeric chains make it most suitable for
high structured carbon blacks, organic pigments and wide range of resin systems
Key features of High Molar Volume technology :
Dense network of anchoring groups provides best wetting of pigments
Optimum mill base viscosity and reduced milling time
High jetness and blue under tone
Provides excellent long term stability of pigment dispersions
Superior gloss and transparency
Wetting and dispersion process:

Stabilization
Stabilisation:
DLVO theory interaction attractive/repulsive forces
repulslon
Repulsive, electrostatic and or steric
V+
d: decreasing distance
V-
between 2 particles
Vt= Va+Vrs (sum forces)

attraction
Va= van der Waals attraction

Da: Distance at which Vr= Repulsion forces
particles agglomerate
Reference:Additives for coating, Wiley-VCH,Ed.Johan Bieleman
Figure 5a: DLVO theory for attractive & repulsive forces
Wetting and dispersion process Pigment stabilization of

HMV polymer
Conventional polymeric dispersants: low volume per mass
Da:
Da
distance at which
particles agglomerate
Higher volume contributes to thicker adsorbed layer, preventing
(Relatively) low layer thickness of the adsorbed layer cannot
attractive forces to dominate stabilizing forces: Stable dispersion!
prevnt attractive forces to dominate stabilizing forces: agglomeration
adsorption layer cannot prevent agglomeration... Thicker adsorption layer preventing agglomeration...
Figure 5b: Comparative mechanism of conventional and HMV technology based dispersing agents
Patcham additives for pigment concentrates
Table 1: Patcham additives for pigment concentrates used in architectural coating
Additive Resin system Features Dosage %
WB resin free
pigment concentrate
Pat-Add DA 603 Effective dispersing agent for various On SOP (Grinding stage)
WB resin minimal
Pat-Add 603 LV types of pigment. Enables high Organic pigments: 3 16
pigment concentrate
Wetting and loading of pigments with low Inorganic pigments: 3 5
dispersing End-use: viscosity and stable shelf life Transparent pigments: 27 30
WB architectural Black pigments: 12 80
agent
WB industrial
printing Inks
On SOP (Grinding stage)

PatAdd DA 621 WB resin free Wetting and dispersing agents for
Pat-Add DA 621:
Pat-Add DA 623 pigment concentrate universal colorants based on
Organic pigments - 40 - 70
Wetting and glycol, PEG for non VOC
Black pigment - 60 - 150
dispersing End-use: requirements, and for APEO-free
WB architectural Pat-Add DA 623:
agent universal colorants.
SB architectural Inorganic pigments - 20 - 40
Pat-Add DA 1803 On SOP (Grinding stage)

Solventborne resin free Wetting and dispersing agent for
Dispersing Organic pigments - 150 - 170
pigment concentrate pigment concentrates
agent Black pigment - 150 - 200
Inorganic pigments - 20 - 30
On SOP (Grinding stage)

Pat-Add DA 1808 Solventborne
Dispersing resin minimal Wetting and dispersing Organic pigments - 5 - 10
agent pigment concentrate agent for air drying alkyd paints Black pigment - 7 - 15
Inorganic pigments - 1 - 10
For all Effective defoamer to enable

Pat-Add AF 34 0.2 - 0.5
waterbased effective dispersion and elimination
Defoamer On total formulation
colorants of foam in the process
0.2 - 2.0
Pat-Add Rheol 99 On total formulation
Rheology modifiers Creates body and rheology effect
Pat-Add Rheol 100 (dosage may sometimes
for all WB colorants to WB pigment concentrates
Rheology modifier depend on specific viscosity
requirements)
* Solid of additive on pigment
Water based pigment concentrates
Architectural pigment concentrates

Pat-Add DA 603
HMV polymeric wetting and dispersing agent for all type of pigment dispersions
For RFPC, RMPC architectural and WB industrial paints, high temperature

baking coatings, OEM coatings
Strong dispersing properties
Reduces millbase viscosity, enabling high pigment loading
Minimize tendency of flocculation in waterborne coatings
Strong contribution on electrostatic pigment stabilization and steric stabilization on

pigment
Optimum color development
Wide applicability: aqueous systems, paints, inks and colorants
Figure 6: Flow behavior of pigment concentrates based on Pat-Add DA 603
PG 7 PY 42 PR 170 PBLK 7
Figure 7: Mass tone of WB pigment concentrates
Low VOC pigment concentrates
Table 2: Low -VOC formulation with Pat-Add DA 603 LV
Bayferrox Red iron

R
Novoperm Hostaperm
R
Hostaperm
R R
Raven 14
R
Raw materials Yellow H6G Quin. violet F3RK-70 Green GNX L3920 oxide
PY 175 PV 19 PR 170 PG 7 PBk7 PY 42 PR 101
Weight (%)
Water 45.00 30.00 30.00 20.00 25.00 18.00 12.00
PEG 400 7.00 10.00 8.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
Pat-Add DA 603 LV 3.50 12.00 7.00 5.00 7.00 5.00 4.00
Biocide 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Pat-Add AF 34 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
pH regulator 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.50 0.50
Pigment 30.00 25.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 60.00 60.00
Letdown
Pat-Add Rheol 100 0.50 0.25 0.75 1.50 0.40 - -
3% HEC solution - - - - - 5.60 5.00
Pat-Add AF 34 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Water 12.90 21.55 18.05 32.30 31.40 - 7.60
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
RFPC - Resin Free Pigment Concentrate (PG based)
Table 3a: Black pigment concentrate with Pat-Add DA 603
R R R R
R
Monarch Monarch Emperor Black B BLK oxide Raven
FW 200
Raw materials PBlk 7 1000 1300 2000 PBlk 7 PBlk 11 5000
PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PBlk 7
Water 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 25.00 25.00 35.00
Propylene glycol 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 15.00 20.00
Pat-Add DA 603 13.00 15.00 13.00 13.00 10.00 10.00 16.00
Pat-Add AF 34 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Biocide 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
pH regulator 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50
Pigment 12.00 30.00 15.00 12.00 25.00 40.00 20.00
Pat-Add Rheol 100 1.00 - - - - - -
Water 29.60 8.10 20.10 12.60 18.10 7.10 6.80
Pat-Add AF 34 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Pat-Add Rheol 100 2.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.50 0.80
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: Black pigment concentrate with Pat-Add DA 603
Powcarbon Raven Special

R R R R
R R
MOGUL L PRINTEX G N- 326 N- 330

1009G 1255 P Black 4
Raw materials
PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PBlk 7
Weight (%)
Water 24.00 28.00 27.00 25.00 27.00 33.00 20.00
Propylene glycol 24.00 23.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00
Pat-Add DA 603 12.20 10.30 9.00 9.00 17.00 9.00 12.50
Pat-Add AF 34 0.25 0.23 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Biocide 0.60 0.57 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
pH regulator 0.60 0.57 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Pigment 30.50 28.00 40.00 40.00 30.00 25.00 30.00
Water 7.50 7.05 4.10 4.10 4.10 11.10 15.60
Pat-Add AF 34 0.05 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Pat-Add Rheol 100 0.60 2.08 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
FW 200 Monarch1300 Raven 5000
N - 326 Black oxide Special Black 4
Figure 8: Mass & tint tone of WB black pigment concentrates

R
Table 4: Organic pigments with Pat-Add DA 603
R
R HANSA R
R R
Hostaperm Pigment Red Irgazin
R
Hostaperm Hostaperm Heliogen
R
brilliant
violet RL orange 13 FGR 70 DPP red BO pink E green GNX blue L 7080
yellow 2GX70
Raw materials
PV 23 PY 74 PO 13 PR 112 PR 254 PR 122 PG 7 PB 15.3
Weight (%)
Water 25.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 27.00 20.00 25.00 25.00
Propylene glycol 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 12.00 15.00 15.00 15.00
Pat-Add DA 603 7.00 3.00 7.00 7.50 7.50 7.00 6.00 7.50
Pat-Add AF 34 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Biocide 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
pH regulator 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Pigment 30.00 50.00 40.00 35.00 45.00 25.00 45.00 45.00
Water 21.10 10.10 11.10 10.60 6.60 30.60 7.10 5.60
Pat-Add AF 34 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Pat-Add Rheol 100 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.50 0.50
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Hostaperm violet RL HANSA brillent yellow 2GX70 Hosptaperm green GNX
Yellow iron oxide Red FGR 70 Heliogen blue L 7080
Figure 9: Mass & tint tone of WB pigment concentrates
Table 5: Inorganic pigments with Pat-Add DA 603
Opaque iron oxides Transparent iron oxides

Raw materials PY 42 PR 101 PR 101 PY 42
Weight (%)
Water 15.00 9.30 26.00 25.00

Propylene glycol 15.00 15.70 15.00 15.00
Pat-Add DA 603 5.40 3.20 20.00 17.50
Pat-Add AF 34 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
HEC 0.30 0.30 - -
pH regulator 0.50 1.00 0.50 0.50
Biocide 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Pigment 60.00 68.00 35.00 35.00
Letdown
Pat-Add AF 34 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Pat-Add Rheol 100 0.50 0.55 0.50 0.50
Water 2.40 1.05 2.10 5.60
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Table 6: White pigments with Pat-Add DA 603
Tipure Tronox Tronox Titanium

R R R
Raw materials
R-902 CR 826 CR 828 dioxide
Weight (%)
Water 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00
Pat-Add DA 603 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
Biocide 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
pH regulator 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Pat-Add AF 34 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Titanium dioxide 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00
Letdown
Pat-Add AF 34 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
3% HEC solution 5.80 5.80 5.80 5.80
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Tipure R-902 Tronox CR 826 Titanium dioxide
Figure 10: WB white pigment concentrates based on Pat-Add DA 603
Table 7: RMPC - Resin minimal pigment concentrate (styrene acrylic emulsion)
Advitya dye chem Bayferrox L Organic bright

R
R
phthalocyanine blue 3920 yellow Napthol red

Raw materials
PB 15:3 PY 42 PY 74 PR 112
Weight (%)
Water 23.60 13.40 18.60 26.60

Styrene acrylic resin 8.40 3.60 8.40 8.40
Biocide 0.40 0.50 0.50 0.50
pH regulator 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Pat-Add DA 603 8.00 8.00 8.00 10.00
Pigment 42.00 62.00 50.00 36.50
Pat-Add AF 34 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
Letdown
Pat-Add Rheol 100 0.20 1.00 1.00 1.00

Pat-Add AF 34 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
Water 6.40 6.10 4.10 5.60
pH regulator 0.10 0.50 0.50 0.50
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Figure 11: RMPC - Resin minimal pigment concentrate
Table 8: Color measurement and stability of WB pigment concentrates
Advaitya dye chem

R
Bayferrox L
R
Organic bright Napthol

Properties phthalocyanine blue 3920 yellow red
PB 15:3 PY 42 PY 74 PR 112
Initial viscosity of PC,* cP 164 296 384 171
After stability test viscosity of PC, cP 180 282 464 250
Color measurement (Initial), tinting strength with 1% PC in white base
L* 65.87 86.87 91.20 68.86
a* -22.78 5.30 -0.23 39.34
b* -33.10 27.38 43.46 6.58
E, rubouts 0.35 0.77 0.49 0.27
Color measurement (after stability, 45 days), tinting strength with 1% PC in white base
L* 66.55 86.64 90.94 70.02
a* -21.60 4.91 -1.28 36.78
b* -31.46 29.22 43.79 8.27
E, rubouts 0.53 0.65 0.37 0.24

PC*- Pigment concentrate
PB 15:3 PY 42 PY 74
Figure 12: Mass & tint tone of pigment concentrates
Universal colorants
Pigment concentrates are color pigments dispersed in a blend of wetting and dispersing
additives and a liquid carrier. The level of pigment incorporated is dependent on the color
strength required and limitations based on pigment surface area. An important criterion for
the additives present in universal pigment concentrate should be their compatibility with
waterborne and solventborne architectural bases.
Pat-Add DA 623 and DA 621

Wetting and dispersing agents for universal colorants that are based on glycol or PEG for
non VOC requirements
Recommended for tinting systems of architectural emulsion paints and solventborne
alkyd paints
Function as compatibilizer
Key benefits:
Clean shade with high gloss to the finished coat
High brilliance and color
Long storage stability
Better transparency for organic pigments and improved opacity for inorganic pigments
Table 9: Universal colorants
Permanent Permanent
R
Phthalo blue Phthalo green Brilliant yellow

orange B red FGR
Properties
PB 15:3 PG 7 PY74 PO 13 PR 112
Weight (%)
Water 20.00 15.00 16.00 20.00 29.00

PEG 300 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00
Pat-Add DA 621 18.00 17.00 18.00 16.50 15.00

Pat-Add AF 34 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.30
Biocide 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
pH regulator 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
Pigment 24.00 26.00 30.00 30.00 24.00
Letdown
Pat-Add AF 34 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20
Pat-Add Rheol 100 1.70 1.50 1.20 1.00

1.90
Water 15.40 19.20 13.60 11.40 9.90
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Universal pigment concentrates
PV 23 PO 13
PR 101
Figure 13: Mass & tint tone of Universal colorants
Table 10: Universal colorants

R
Hostaperm Hostaperm RL Yellow iron Red iron

R R
Special
Properties pink E violet oxide oxide Black 4
PR 122 PV 23 PY 42 PR 101 PB 7
Weight (%)
Water 30.00 28.00 15.00 10.00 30.00
PEG 300 20.00 20.00 15.00 10.00 20.00
Pat-Add DA 621 15.00 15.00 20.00
Pat-Add DA 623 15.00 15.00

Pat-Add AF 34 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.20
Biocide 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
pH regulator 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.40
Pigment 16.00 16.00 50.00 60.00 12.00
Pat-Add AF 34 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

Pat-Add Rheol 100 1.80 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.70
Water 16.30 18.00 3.20 2.20 15.30
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Solvent based pigment concentrates
Architectural alkyd based pigment concentrate
Patcham has a range of additives from which two unique choices are highlighted for solvent
based alkyd system:
Pat-Add DA 1803 for resin free pigment concentrates

Pat-Add DA 1808 for resin minimal pigment concentrates based on alkyd resin
The pigment concentrates made with these dispersing agents show excellent compatibility and
minimize the risk of flooding and floatation. Another advantage of these additives can be seen
in the long term stability of the pigment concentrate.
Table 11: Formulation of resin free pigment concentrate for alkyd based paint
Special
Raw materials PR 112 PG 7 PB 15:3 PV 23 Black 4 PY 42
White spirit 35.00 18.00 33.90 20.00 24.00 20.20
Pat-Add DA 1803 37.50 47.80 39.50 35.00 39.70 16.90
Pigment 16.00 19.70 16.90 15.00 17.00 49.40
Blanc fixe micro 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00
Butyl cellosolve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.80
Letdown
White spirit 11.30 14.30 9.50 28.80 19.10 8.50
Patox 1 (MEKO) 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
PR 112 PG 7 PB 15:3 PV 23 Special Black 4 PY 42
Figure 14: Color development and flow property of the RFPC
Resin minimal pigment concentrates
Table 12: Formulation of resin minimal pigment concentrate
Raw material PV 19 Special Black 4 PB 15:3 PY 42 PY 74

R
Long Oil Alkyd 30.00 30.00 25.00 24.40 25.00

Pat-Add DA 1808 8.50 6.75 4.00 2.70 5.00
Pigment 22.0 22.00 18.00 52.00 35.00
Fumed silica - - - - 0.20
White spirit 19.80 34.80 34.80 5.90 20.00
Letdown
White spirit 19.50 6.25 18.00 14.80 14.60
Patox 1 (MEKO) 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
PV 19 PB 15:3 PY 74
Special PY42
Black4
Figure 15: Color development of RMPC formulated with Patcham additives
Figure 16: Flow properties of RMPC formulated with Patcham additives
Patcham additives for pigment concentrate used in industrial coatings
Table 13: Patcham additives for industrial coatings
Additive Resin system Features Dosage %
SB resin free pigment On SOP (Grinding stage)

concentrate White pigment: 1-5
SB resin minimal High Molar Volume technology Low structured
Pat-Add DA 932
Pigment concentrate polymeric dispersing agent for use Carbon black : 30 - 50
Wetting/
in industrial solventborne paints High structured
dispersing End-use: and pigment concentrates. Carbon black : 50 - 120
agent SB architectural Inorganic pigments : 10 - 20
SB industrial Organic blue /green : 40 - 60
printing inks Organic red/violet/yellow : 30 - 70
Pat-Add DA 948 Solvent free On SOP ( Grinding stage)

High Molar Volume technology
Wetting/ pigment concentrates Organic pigments: 30 - 60
polymeric dispersing agent design
dispersing End-use: for higher loading of pigment in Inorganic pigments: 3 - 15
agent Plastisol master paste various solvent free systems. Transparent pigments: 30 - 60
colorants for PU foams Black pigments: 40 - 150
Solvent free
Pigment concentrates Solvent free wetting and dispersing
additive for solventborne and On SOP (Grinding stage)
Pat-Add DA 815 End use: Organic pigments: 30 - 60
Wetting/ solvent free coating systems, PVC
Solvent free epoxy plastisols, thermoplastics, and Inorganic pigments: 3 - 15
dispersing Transparent pigments: 30 - 60
Floor coatings adhesives to stabilize organic and
agent Black pigments: 40 - 150
Solvent free inorganic pigments, particularly
Polyaspartics carbon blacks.
Plastisol colorants
Resin free pigment
concentrate
Resin minimal
pigment concentrate
for black, blue and Enhance wetting and jetness of PC.
Pat-Add DA 2650 violet pigments Dispersant anchoring will produce Based on pigments : 3.0 - 5.0
synergist improves stability. For SB Pigment
End-use: concentrate dispersions only.
SB and solvent-free
architectural
industrial
floor
Polyaspartics colorants
Resin free pigment
concentrate
Resin minimal
pigment concentrate
for yellow and red Enhance wetting and transparency
Pat-Add DA 2672 pigments of PC. Dispersant anchoring to
synergist pigment will improve stability. For Based on pigments : 3.0 - 5.0
End-use:
SB and solvent-free SB pigment concentrate dispersions
architectural only.
industrial
floor
Polyaspartics colorants
Industrial pigment concentrates
Pat-Add DA 932
High Molar Volume technology for use in industrial solventborne paints and
pigment concentrates.
Strong adsorption properties make it suitable for use in a wide variety of

pigment surfaces
Best dispersion stability, low viscosity pigment dispersions and high transparency
fir fine particle sized pigments.
Main benefits are:
The suitable dispersant for high pigment Provides excellent color development
loaded tinters and transparency
Effective for furnace carbon blacks, for For wood coatings, refinishes, general
extreme jet, blue undertone industrial coatings, pigment concentrates
Table 14: Resin minimal pigment concentrates based on aldehyde resin
Special FW 200
R
White Monarch Phthalo Yellow Brilliant Trans iron

R
Raw materials Black 4 1300 blue iron oxide yellow oxide
PW6 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PB 15:3 PY 42 PY 74 PR 101
Aldehyde resin 20.00 25.00 27.00 27.00 23.04 19.50 40.00 40.00
Pat-Add DA 932 3.45 18.00 24.90 15.50 15.40 7.64 7.63 16.00
Pigment 65.00 20.00 10.00 10.00 19.00 50.00 20.00 30.00
MPA:Xylene 6.00 15.00 20.00 20.35 10.75 10.00 13.84 -
Pat-Add DA 2650 - 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 - - -
Pat-Add DA 2672 - - - - - 0.80 -
-
Fumed silica 0.20 - - - 0.80 - -
-
Aldehyde resin - 8.30 6.30 6.30 22.00 3.00 3.90 10.00
MPA:Xylene 5.35 13.20 11.30 20.35 9.31 9.06 13.83 4.00
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
SOP of dispersant 2.50% 42.30% 117.0% 72.85% 38.0% 7.18% 17.93% 25.0%
% Synergist - 2.5% 5.0% 5.0% 2.6% - 4.0% -
Table 15: Wet properties of pigment concentrate
White Special Monarch Phthalo Yellow iron Brilliant Trans iron

R
*
FW 200 oxide
R
Properties Of PC Black 4 1300 blue oxide yellow
PW 6 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PB 15:3 PY 42 PY 74 PY 101
Viscosity of PC, cP 458.3 59.8 38.5 19.30 198.8 749.4 98.7 2047.4
Grinding time 1hr 15 min 2 hrs 3 hrs 2 hrs 2 hrs 30 min 2 hrs 2 hrs 30 min 2 hrs
Fineness of grind 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm
Dispermat CV, rpm 4000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000
Table 16: Color measurement in various letdown systems

2K Polyurethane system
Special Monarch Phthalo Yellow iron Brilliant Trans iron

R
* FW 200
R
Properties Of PC White Black 4 1300 blue oxide yellow oxide
PW 6 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PB 15:3 PY 42 PY 74 PY 101
Gloss readings
200 87.6 89.50 96.1 102 89.4 95.3 87.6 95.3
600 93.5 94.5 97.7 100 94.4 98.6 93.60 98.6

Color measurement
L* 97.01 3.20 2.32 1.76 16.33 54.94 83.64 31.55
a* -0.51 -0.15 -0.15 -0.16 -0.48 22.66 10.29 19.10
b* 0.45 -0.27 -0.41 -0.21 -34.08 64.33 88.66 10.10
Epoxy
Special Monarch Phthalo Yellow iron Brilliant

R
* White Black 4 1300 FW 200 blue oxide yellow

R
Properties Of PC
PW 6 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PB 15:3 PY 42 PY 74
Gloss readings
200 100 100 101 106 97.5 99.9 92.10

600 101 100 101 104 99.4 100 99.50
Color measurement
L* 96.18 4.3 2.12 1.87 16.79 58.94 81.35
a* -0.6 -0.14 -0.03 -0.07 -2.85 17.43 13.23
b* 1.41 -0.31 -0.15 -0.34 -33.63 43.28 84.31
*
PC - Pigment concentrates
RMPC with Pat-Add DA 932 in aldehyde resin
Special black 4 PB 15:3 FW 200 PY 74 PW 6 PR 101
Figure 17: Pigment concentrates with Pat-Add DA 932
2K Polyurethane system
Special Black 4 PB 15:3 FW 200
Epoxy system
Special Black 4 PB 15:3 FW 200
Figure 18: Mass & tint tone of SB pigment concentrates
Table 17: RMPC with Polyester polyol
White Special Yellow iron Bayferrox Phthalo

R
Raw materials TiO2 Black 4 oxide 130 green

PW 6 PBlk 7 PY 42 PR 101 PG 7
Polyester polyol (75%) 16.00 41.70 18.30 20.00 34.10
MPA 15.17 14.10 17.16 6.48 25.25
Pat-Add DA 932 3.43 19.20 8.74 12.72 17.15
Pat-Add DA 2650 - - 0.00 0.00 0.50
Fumed silica 0.40 - 0.80 0.80 0.00
Pigment 65.00 25.00 55.00 60.00 23.00
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
SOP of dispersant 2.48% 36.10% 7.5% 9.96% 35.04%
% Synergist - - - - 2.0%
Table 18: Color measurement in various letdown systems
White Special Yellow iron Bayferrox R
Phthalo
TiO2 Black 4 oxide 130 green
Properties
PW 6 PBlk 7 PY 42 PR 101 PG 7
Viscosity of PC* in cP 650.0 1145 554.10 474.94 532.05
Grinding time 1.5 hrs 3 hrs 3 hrs 3 hrs 2.5 hrs
Fineness of grind 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm
Dispermat CV, rpm 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000
2K PU
Special Black 4 Yellow iron oxide Bayferrox 130 Phthalo green

Properties
PBlk 7 PY 42 PR 101 PG 7
Gloss readings
200 96.8 91.5 93.0 94.8

600 97.2 95.6 95.7 96.2
Color measurement
L* 1.27 50.21 24.61 4.17

a* -0.04 13.39 34.01 -7.33
b* 0.14 57.71 33.49 -6.15
*
PW 6 SP 4 PY 42 PR 101 PG 7
Figure 19: RMPC with Pat-Add DA 932 in polyester polyol formulation
PY 42 PR 101 PG 7
Figure 20: Mass and tint tone of RMPC with Pat-Add DA 932 in polyester polyol formulation
Table 19: Resin minimal pigment concentrate (acrylic polyol based)
Special Monarch Yellow Phthalo

R
White
Raw materials Black 4 FW 200 1300 iron oxide blue
R
TiO2
PW 6 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PY42 PB 15:3
Mill base
Acrylic polyol resin 20.00 25.00 27.00 27.00 20.00 36.41
Pat-Add DA 932 3.45 18.00 15.50 24.90 8.50 15.36
Pat-Add DA 2650 - 0.50 0.50 0.50 - 0.50
Pigment 65.00 20.00 10.00 10.00 53.00 19.00
Fumed silica 0.20 - - - 0.50 -
MPA/Xylene 6.00 15.00 20.00 8.00 10.75

20.00
Letdown
Acrylic polyol resin - 8.30 3.80 6.30 3.00 9.39
MPA/Xylene 5.35 13.20 23.20 11.30 7.00 8.59

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
SOP of dispersant 2.5% 73.0% 117.0% 7.50% 38%
42.0%
% Synergist - 2.5% 5.0% 5.0% - 2.6%
Solvent based Pigment Concentrates
Table 20: Wet properties of RMPC with acrylic polyol
Special Monarch Yellow Phthalo

R
White FW 200
R
Properties of PC
*
Black 4 1300 iron oxide blue
PW 6 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PY 42 PB15:3
Viscosity of PC* in cP 314.12 203.8 25.1 184.55 1824.5 773.7

Grinding time 1 hrs.30 Min. 2hrs 2 hrs 7 hrs 2 hrs.30 Min. 2 hrs.30 Min.
Fineness of grind 10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m
Dispermat CV, rpm 4000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000
Table 21:Color values of RMPC with acrylic polyol

2K PU
White Special Monarch Yellow

R
Black 4
Phthalo
Properties 1300 iron oxide
R
FW 200 blue
PW 6
PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PBlk 7 PY 42 PB 15:3
Gloss readings
200 92.60 103 117 91.30 94.90 93.60
600 96.60 101 108 6450 96.80 95.90
Color measurement
L* 96.84 2.02 2.43 2.06 58.52 29.30
a* -0.54 0.17 -0.03 -0.01 19.40 1.48
b* 0.39 0.57 -2.02 -0.27 45.52 -22.05

*

PW 6 Special black 4 FW 200 PY 42 PB 15:3
Figure 21: RMPC of Pat-Add DA 932 in acrylic polyol formulation

PW 6 Special Black 4 FW 200 PY 42 PB 15:3
Figure 22: Mass & tint tone of RMPC with Pat-Add DA 932 in acrylic polyol formulation
Table 22: Resin free pigment concentrate
White Brilliant R
Napthol Red iron Phthalo R
Raw materials FW 200

TiO2 yellow red oxide blue
PW 6 PY 74 PR 170 PR 101 PR 15:3 BL7
Mill base
Pat-Add DA 932 22.00 9.00 21.27 15.00 36.50 38.20
Pigment 60.00 26.00 20.00 40.00 20.00 18.00
Xylene : MPA (1:1) 16.00 50.00 20.00 25.00 20.00 41.00
Letdown
Xylene : MPA (1:1) 2.00 15.00 38.73 20.00 23.50 2.8
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
SOP 17.23% 16.27% 49.98% 17.62% 85.78% 99.74%
Table 23: Gloss readings of RFPC with Pat-Add DA 932

Gloss readings
Brilliant R
Red iron Phthalo Napthol

*
Properties of PC yellow oxide White blue red
PY 74 PR 101 TiO2 FW 200 PB 15:3 PR 170
R
PU system
20 88 87 88 83 82 86
95 93 92 93
60 96 91
Epoxy system
20 97 94 97 94 94 95
60 100 100 101 99 100 99
TPA system
20 - 18 39 54 - 61
60 - 64 81 82 - 86
NC system
20 58 66 40 48 58 68
60 83 78 87 76 77 82
*
PW 6 PY 74 PB 15:3 PR 101 PR 170 FW 200

Figure 23 : Mass & tint tone of RFPC with Pat-Add DA 932
Table 24: Color measurement of RFPC with Pat-Add DA 932

Gloss readings
Colour Values PY 74 PR 101 PW6 PBL 7 PB 15:3 PR 170
PU system
L* 58.10 29.20 95.10 4.40 15.50 37.00
a* 23.60 38.50 -0.20 0.00 1.30 66.10
b* 63.90 38.40 2.30 0.50 -35.20 58.80

Epoxy system
L* 57.20 28.20 93.50 4.10 18.10 37.00
a* 25.70 38.10 -1.30 -0.20 -5.90 64.90
b* 67.00 38.30 5.60 0.90 -34.10 55.70
TPA system
L* - 25.90 93.00 4.50 - 36.50
a* - 35.70 -1.30 -0.20 - 64.50
b* - 32.30 6.10 1.00 - 56.30
NC system
L* 56.90 30.80 95.00 6.00 12.40 37.10
a* 19.10 37.00 -1.80 -0.50 9.70 63.10
b* 58.50 35.00 6.80 0.90 -23.30 53.90
PY 74 PB 15:3 PW 6 PBL 7
Figure 24 : Mass & tint tone of RFPC with Pat-Add DA 932
R R
Table 24: Solvent free pigment concentrate based on castor oil
White TiO2 Special Bayferrox

R
Raw Materials Black 4 Phthalo blue

130
PW6 PBL7 PB 15:3 PR 101
Castor oil 35.00 70.00 60.00 35.00
Pat-Add DA 932 3.19 6.38 8.08 8.08
Pigment 50.00 10.00 15.00 50.00
Fumed silica 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.30
Castor oil 11.51 13.62 16.92 6.62
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
SOP of dispersant 3.0% 29.99% 25.32% 7.6%
Table 25: Color measurement of colorants

2K PU system
White Special
Bayferrox 130
R
Black 4 Phthalo blue

Properties
PW6 PBL7 PB 15:3 PR 101
Gloss readings
200 93.00 88.80 91.00 89.70
600 95.20 92.30 93.70 93.40
Color measurement
L* 97.78 2.11 20.24 28.34

a* -3.52 0.02 -4.89 36.27
b* 1.56 0.27 -38.56 38.44
PW 6 SP black4 PB 15:3 PR 101 PG 7
Figure 25: Mass & tint tone of RMPC of Pat-Add DA 932 in castor oil
Pat-Add DA 815
This is a solvent free wetting and dispersing additive for solventborne and solvent free
coating systems, PVC plastisols, thermoplastic and adhesives. It stabilizes organic and
inorganic pigments, particularly carbon blacks.
It is particularly suitable for the production of polyol pastes for PU as well as PVC
applications. Anti-separation additive for SMC/BMC formulations. Pat-Add DA 815 creates
Newtonian flow behavior of the material by reducing the viscosity drastically. It can also work
as a neutralizer for acidic and neutral carbon black pigment.
Key benefits
Provides excellent uniformity and color development
Improves torque build up and filter pressure value
Reduces viscosity
Longer shelf life of colorants
Table 26: Solvent based pigment concentrate with Pat-Add DA 815 based on epoxy resin
R
Bay ferrox Yellow Chrome

R
R
White Special red iron iron oxide Sudaperm Hostaperm

R R
Raw materials TiO2 Black 4 oxide 130 oxide green blue 2796 pink E 02
PW 6 PBlk 7 PR 101 PY 42 PG 17 PB 15:4 PR 122
Millbase
Liquid epoxy resin 17.50 30.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 25.00 34.02
Reactive diluent C12-C14 19.95 36.50 18.30 19.50 16.50 25.00 28.00
Pat-Add DA 2650 - 0.30
Pat-Add DA 815 0.50 5.72 6.00 5.00 5.51 6.30 5.00
Pigment 60.00 15.00 50.00 50.00 55.00 18.00 16.00
Fumed silica 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.40 - 0.00
Letdown
Liquid epoxy resin 1.75 12.78 10.30 10.10 7.59 25.40 16.98
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
SOP of dispersant 0.83% 38.13% 12% 10% 10% 35% 31.25%
% Synergist 1.7%
Notes
www.patchamltd.com
www.patchamltd.com
PATCHAM (FZC) PATCHAM INDIA
P.O. Box: 7753, B-52, Pravasi Industrial Estate

Saif Zone, Sharjah, UAE Vishweshwar Nagar, Off Aarey Road
Tel: +971-6-5570035 Goregoan (E), Mumbai - 400 063 (India)
Fax: +971-6-5570038 Tel: +91-22-29272471
Email: patcham@emirates.net.ae Email: india@patchamltd.com
PATCHAM EUROPE BV PATCHAM USA LLC
Klavermaten 65-1 10 Commerce Road

7472 DD Goor Fairfield, New Jersey 07004
Netherlands Tel: (201) 293-4282
Email: eu@patchamltd.com Fax: (201) 820-0818
Email: info@patchamusa.com
The information given in this booklet is intended for technical guidance without obligation. Ver. 1.0

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A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH TO PIGMENT

MODERN COATING TECHNOLOGY

Patcham FZC is a well-established manufacturer of specialty additives headquartered in the

Patcham dispersing and wetting agents in focus 2

Water based pigment concentrates 5

Solvent based pigment concentrates 15

Types of pigment concentrates

The advantages of pigment concentrates

Requirements of a pigment concentrate

Compatibility with a wide range of coating systems

Pigment wetting & dispersion

Entrapped air Dispersing medium

Enabling high pigment loading Right beaker:

Figure 2: Illustration of pigment wetting & dispersion

Figure 3: Pigment dispersion process Figure 4: Mechanism of pigment stabilization

The mechanism of pigment stabilization as shown in Figure 4 is either by electrostatic

Key features of High Molar Volume technology :

Dense network of anchoring groups provides best wetting of pigments

Optimum mill base viscosity and reduced milling time

High jetness and blue under tone

Provides excellent long term stability of pigment dispersions

Superior gloss and transparency

Wetting and dispersion process:

Repulsive, electrostatic and or steric

Vt= Va+Vrs (sum forces)

Va= van der Waals attraction

Figure 5a: DLVO theory for attractive & repulsive forces

Wetting and dispersion process Pigment stabilization of

Table 1: Patcham additives for pigment concentrates used in architectural coating

Additive Resin system Features Dosage %

On SOP (Grinding stage)

Pat-Add DA 1803 On SOP (Grinding stage)

On SOP (Grinding stage)

For all Effective defoamer to enable

* Solid of additive on pigment

Architectural pigment concentrates

For RFPC, RMPC architectural and WB industrial paints, high temperature

Strong dispersing properties

Reduces millbase viscosity, enabling high pigment loading

Minimize tendency of flocculation in waterborne coatings

Strong contribution on electrostatic pigment stabilization and steric stabilization on

Optimum color development

Wide applicability: aqueous systems, paints, inks and colorants

Figure 6: Flow behavior of pigment concentrates based on Pat-Add DA 603

Figure 7: Mass tone of WB pigment concentrates

Low VOC pigment concentrates

Table 2: Low -VOC formulation with Pat-Add DA 603 LV

Bayferrox Red iron

Water 45.00 30.00 30.00 20.00 25.00 18.00 12.00

PEG 400 7.00 10.00 8.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

Pat-Add DA 603 LV 3.50 12.00 7.00 5.00 7.00 5.00 4.00

Biocide 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50

Pat-Add AF 34 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

pH regulator 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.50 0.50

Pigment 30.00 25.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 60.00 60.00

Pat-Add Rheol 100 0.50 0.25 0.75 1.50 0.40 - -

3% HEC solution - - - - - 5.60 5.00

Pat-Add AF 34 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

Water 12.90 21.55 18.05 32.30 31.40 - 7.60

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Water 20.00 25.00 30.00 40.00 25.00 25.00 35.00

Propylene glycol 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 15.00 20.00

Pat-Add DA 603 13.00 15.00 13.00 13.00 10.00 10.00 16.00

Pat-Add AF 34 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20