Lab 11: A.

Human Reflex Physiology

B. Study of Selected Skeletal Muscles: Part 3

Lab 11 Checklist: (to be completed before Lab 11)

Read all parts of this supplement exercise and Human Reflex Physiology in your
Lab Manual before this weeks lab.

Be prepared for a quiz at the beginning of this lab. The quiz will be based on lab
9 material (Biopac EEG, Spinal cord and spinal nerves), and lab 10 (skeletal
muscles part 2: muscles of the pectoral girdle and upper limb).

Study the Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb in this Supplement. You
may use your textbook (Chapter 10) and visit the BIOL 1220/1221 Virtual
Models website at https://courses.mtroyal.ca/biolab/muscular-system/muscles-
part-three/

Some selected muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limb listed in this
Supplement may be viewed in A&PFlix in the MasteringA&P website.

Complete the Lab 11 Pre-lab Assignment (see the last page of the Lab
Supplement) and you will be eligible for one mark on the quiz this week.

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Learning Objectives:

The student should be able to:

1. Define reflex. Name, identify and describe the function of each element of a
reflex arc.
2. State the differences between autonomic and somatic reflexes.
3. Explain the importance of reflex testing as a part of a physical examination.
4. Describe and discuss several types of reflex activities as observed in the
laboratory; indicate the functional or clinical importance of each; and
categorize each as a somatic or autonomic reflex action.
5. State differences in reaction time between intrinsic and learned reflexes.
6. Identify the muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower leg listed on the Supplement.
Please note the key terms for this objective will be contained in the Supplement
and will not be listed with the rest of the key terms shown below.

Key Terms:
autonomic reflex, somatic reflex, reflex arc, receptor, sensory (afferent) neuron,
integration centre, monosynaptic, polysynaptic, motor (efferent) neuron, effector

spinal reflexes, cranial reflexes, stretch reflexes, patellar or knee-jerk reflex,

calcaneal tendon or ankle-jerk reflex, crossed-extensor reflex, superficial cord
reflexes, plantar reflex, Babinskis sign, corneal reflex, gag reflex, pupillary reflex,
consensual reflex, contralateral response, ipsilateral response, ciliospinal reflex,
salivary reflex

intrinsic reflex, learned reflex

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 A. Human Reflex Physiology
Follow a series of reflex activities in Human Reflex Physiology in the Lab
Manual.

B. Study of Selected Skeletal Muscles Part 3: Muscles of

the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
The letter and number codes following the muscle names are to guide you in
locating the muscles on the models in the lab, as follows:
H refers to numbers on the Human Model (Muscle Man).
T refers to numbers on the Torso Model.
L refers to numbers on the Leg and Hip Model.

You need to learn the names, locations and actions of all of the muscles listed,
and the specific origins and insertions for those muscles that have an asterisk
(*) following the name. The origin and insertion for each muscle are included in
these notes, however, because it is necessary for you to work with the origins
and insertions in order to understand and learn the muscle actions.

MUSCLES CROSSING THE HIP AND KNEE JOINTS; MOVEMENTS OF THE

THIGH AND LEG
iliacus H147, L2
O. iliac fossa and crest of hip (coxal) bone
I. lesser trochanter of femur via iliopsoas tendon
A. flexes thigh or flexes trunk on thigh

psoas major* H145, L1

O. transverse processes and bodies of lumbar vertebrae and T12
I. lesser trochanter of femur via iliopsoas tendon
A. flexes thigh or flexes trunk on thigh; lateral flexion of vertebral column

sartorius H109, T564, L10

O. anterior superior iliac spine of hip (coxal) bone
I. medial aspect of proximal tibia
A. flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh and weakly flexes knee joint
to achieve cross-legged position
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adductor magnus H117, L14
O. ischial and pubic rami andischial tuberosity of hip (coxal) bone
I. linea aspera of femur
A. anterior part - flexes, adducts and medially rotates thigh
posterior part - extends thigh

Quadriceps femoris - a group of four muscles

1. rectus femoris* H110, T563, L11a

O. anterior inferior iliac spine of hip (coxal) bone
I. patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
A. extends leg, flexes thigh at hip

2. vastus lateralis H112, T562, L11c

O. greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur
I. patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
A. extends and stabilizes leg

3. vastus medialis H113, L11b

O. linea aspera of femur
I. patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
A. extends leg

4. vastus intermedius H111, L11d

O. anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur
I. patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
A. extends leg

gluteus maximus* H101, T545, L3

O. sacrum, coccyx, posterior ilium of hip (coxal) bone
I. gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract
A. extends thigh (with power as in climbing or running), laterally rotates and
abducts thigh

gluteus medius H102, T546, L4

O. posterior surface of ilium of hip (coxal) (anterior to O. of gluteus
maximus)
I. greater trochanter of femur
A. abducts and medially rotates thigh (maintains the pelvis level when
walking)

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Hamstring muscles a group of three muscles

Lateral hamstring:
biceps femoris* H120, T561, L18
O. long head: ischial tuberosity of hip (coxal) bone
short head: linea aspera of femur
I. head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
A. extends thigh; flexes and laterally rotates leg

Medial hamstrings:
semimembranosus H119, L17
O. ischial tuberosity of hip (coxal) bone
I. medial condyle of tibia
A. extends thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg

semitendinosus H118, L16

O. ischial tuberosity of hip (coxal) bone
I. proximal medial surface of the shaft of the tibia
A. extends thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg

MUSCLES ACTING ON THE FOOT [pp. 370-375]

tibialis anterior H121, L19

O. lateral condyle and proximal 2/3 of shaft of tibia; interosseus membrane
I. inferior surface medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bone
A. dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

extensor digitorum longus H122, L21

O. lateral condyle of tibia; proximal of fibula; interosseus membrane
I. middle and distal phalanges of digits II - V
A. extends toes (metatarsophalangeal joints), dorsiflexion of foot

fibularis (peroneus) longus H124, L22

O. head and upper portion of lateral fibula
I. by a long tendon that curves under foot to first metatarsal and medial
cuneiform
A. plantar flexion and eversion of foot

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gastrocnemius* H126, L24a and L24b
O. two heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur
I. calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
A. plantar flexion of foot (when leg is extended) and flexes knee (when foot
is dorsiflexed)

soleus H127, L24c

O. superior tibia, fibula, interosseus membrane
I. calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
A. plantar flexion of foot

flexor digitorum longus H130, L27

O. posterior tibia
I. tendon runs behind medial malleolus and inserts into distal phalanges of
digits II - V
A. plantar flexion and inversion of foot; flexes toes

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 PRE-LAB ASSIGNMENT: Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb: Muscle Matching Exercise

Muscle Description: Insert Correct Muscle Name: Choose From This List:
a muscle that originates on the sacrum and ilium and (Cross off each muscle
that powerfully extends the thigh at the hip joint name as it is used.)

adductor magnus
three muscles that originate on the linea aspera of the biceps femoris (use twice)
femur extensor digitorum longus
gastrocnemius
longest muscle in the body, used in action of "crossing gluteus maximus
the legs" iliacus
psoas major
sartorius
three posterior thigh muscles that are known as the semimembranosus
"hamstrings" semitendinosus
soleus
tibialis anterior
two anterior leg muscles that can be used in vastus lateralis
dorsiflexion vastus medialis

two muscles that insert on the calcaneus, used in

plantar flexion

two muscles that insert on the lesser trochanter of

the femur, and that flex the thigh

a muscle that inserts on the linea aspera of the femur

---------------THE END OF PRE-LAB ASSIGNMENT----------------

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