Escuela Bilinge Honduras

Asignatura: Biology

Ttulo: Mitochondria

Catedrtica: Mrs. Melissa Owen

Alumnas: Andrea Jimnez Izaguirre

Astrid Geovanna Maldonado

Katherine Michelle Izaguirre

Yara Berenice Alcerro

Comayagua, Comayagua

20 noviembre, 2017
 Conclusion:
Mitochondria is very important for our body. The mitochondria like is
said is used in the respiratory part of our system. Which means a very
important part because without it part of our system will not be
complete. And it is important because it carries various functions that
are important. And the mitochondria has a lot of parts that each part
is important.

In conclusion mitochondria, the so-called "powerhouses" of cells, are

unusual organelles that they are surrounded by a double membrane
and retain their own small genome they are fascinating structures that
creates energy to run the cells they are also vital organelles for many
processes of metabolism.

The mitochondria is a very essential part of the cell. As part of the

cellular respiration and energy supplying process, these organelles are
necessary for cell survival. Mitochondria act as a generator for the rest
of the cell, providing energy for the rest of the cell. It is unnecessary
to say that these organelles are vital for our body system.
 Structure:
Mitochondria are rod shaped structure found in both animal and plant
cells. It is a double membrane bound organelle. It has the outer
membrane and the inner membrane. The membranes are made up of
phospholipids and proteins.

Intermembrane space:
The space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes its
also called the cavity it has high proton concentration. This is due to the
electron transport system.

Cristae:
Are folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane . the quantity and shape
may variey.
Cristae has *stalked particles*
Called inner membrane spheres. Stalked particles have their heads and
a sphere that are on the matrix side or the inner membrane.

Mitochondria matrix: its divided in 3 parts:

a. Enzymes : mitochondria has a highly concentrated mixture of
hundreds of enzymes. They participate in the cycle of T CA.
b. Ribosomes: there are 70 types of ribosomes as found in the
prokaryotic cells.
c. Mitochondrial DNA:: have their own genetic material and the
facility to produce their own RNAs and proteins.
 Bibliography:
http://www.ivyroses.com/Biology/Organelles/Structure-of-
Mitochondria.php
https://www.kullabs.com/classes/subjects/units/lessons/notes/note-
detail/8900

http://www.brighthub.com/science/genetics/articles/24289.aspx

www.softschools.com/science/biology
 History
Mitochondria were first discovered in cells in 1840s.

Richard Altman (1894), describe them as cell organelles and called them
bioblasts

The term mitochondria was coined by Carl Benda in 1898.

Leonor Michaelis (1900) discovered Janus Green as a vital stain for

mitochondria.

Friedrich Meves (1904) made the first observation of mitochondria in plants

(Nymphaea alba).

Claudius Regaud (1908), suggested that mitochondria contained proteins and

lipids.

Benjamin Kingsbury (1912) fist related them with cell respiration exclusively
based on morphological observations.

Heinrich Otto Wieland and Otto Heinrich Warburg (1913) stated that
extracted particles from guinea-pig liver were linked to respiration called
grana.

In 1967 it was discovered that mitochondria contained ribosomes.

 General Objective
Understand how mitochondria works in our body.

Specific Objective
Learn the parts and functions of the mitochondria.
Analyze the importance of the mitochondria in the cell.
Study the main structure of the mitochondria and its
components.
 FUNCTION
The main job of mitochondria is to perform cellular respiration. This
means it takes in nutrients from the cell, breaks it down, and turns
it into energy. This energy is then in turn used by the cell to carry
out various functions. The biochemical processes of the cell are
known as cellular respiration. Many of the reactions involved in
cellular respiration happen in the mitochondria. Mitochondria are
the working organelles that keep the cell full of energy.
The enzymes in the matrix break down carbohydrates and sugars to
produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP molecules store the
chemical energy required by the cell to carry out its metabolic
functions. It is for this reason that the mitochondria are called the
power plants of the cell.

Other functions of the mitochondria include controlling the cell

cycle - signaling, differentiation, growth and death - and assisting
with cellular aerobic respiration.

COMPONENTS OF
MITOCHONDRIA
Outer membrane:

- It is smooth and is composed of equal amounts of phospholipids and proteins.

- It has a large number of special proteins known as the porins.
- The porins are integral membrane proteins and they allow the movement of
molecules that are of 5000 daltons or less in weight to pass through it.
- The outer membrane is freely permeable to nutrient molecules,ions, energy
molecules like the ATP and ADP molecules.

Inner membrane
The inner membrane of mitochondria is more complex in structure.
It is folded into a number of folds many times and is known as the cristae.
This folding help to increase the surface ares inside the organelle.
The cristae and the proteins of the inner membrane aids in the production of
ATP molecules.
Various chemical reactions takes place in the inner membrane of the
mitochondria.
Unlike the outer membrane, the inner membrane is strictly permeable, it is
permeable only to oxygen, ATP and it also helps in regulating transfer
metabolites across the membrane.
 Intermembrane space

It is the space between the outer and inner membrane of the mitochondria, it has
the same composition as that of the cell's cytoplasm.
There is a difference in the protein content in the intermembrane space.

Matrix
The matrix of the mitochondria is a complex mixture of proteins and enzymes.
These enzymes are important for the synthesis of ATP molecules, mitochondrial
ribosomes, tRNAs and mitochondrial DNA.

INTRODUCTION

Mitochondria, a tiny double-membrane cellular structure

responsible for the conversion of nutrients into the energy-rich
compound adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which acts as a cellular
fuel. For this function they perform, called respiration, it is said that
mitochondria are the motor of the cell.
Mitochondria are found in eukaryotic cells (cells with the nucleus
delimited by membrane). The number of mitochondria in a cell
depends on the function of the cell. Cells with particularly high
energy demands, such as muscle cells, have many more
mitochondria than others. Because of their strong resemblance to
aerobic bacteria (that is, they need oxygen), scientists believe that
mitochondria have evolved from a symbiotic or cooperative
relationship between an aerobic bacterium and an ancestral
eukaryotic cell.