FACULTY : ENGINEERING

EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPT. 2016
WATER QUALITY FIELD
MEASUREMENTS AMENDMENT DATE: AUG. 2016

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

LABORATORY

LABORATORY INSTRUCTION SHEETS

COURSE CODE BNP 20503/BNP 21403

EXPERIMENT CODE EXPERIMENT 1

EXPERIMENT TITLE WATER QUALITY FIELD MEASUREMENTS

DATE

GROUP NO.

(1)
LECTURER/ INSTRUCTOR
(2)

DATE OF REPORT SUBMISSION

RECEIVED DATE AND STAMP

COMMENTS:

TOTAL MARK (FROM RUBRIC

ASSESSMENT)
1
 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT:
FACULTY EFFECTIVE DATE:
OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY SEPT. 2016
WATER QUALITY FIELD
MEASUREMENTS
DEPARTMENT AMENDMENT
OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DATE:
TECHNOLOGY AUG. 2016

INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY

LABORATORY RUBRIC ASSESSMENT

CLO: To Display the ability of working in group in accomplishing the tasks of water and wastewater
analysis and treatment technology effectively
(PLO2- P4) 10%

Level of Achievement

Excellen
Very Weak Weak Modest Good
Elements t
1 2 3 4 Level Weight Score
5
Equipment
/ Tools
Major Minor No mistakes Students are
Mishand-
mistakes mistakes while using comfortable P1 P4 /20
ling the
Choose the while using while using equipment/ with the
equipment/
suitable equipment/ equipment / tools, but not equipment/
tools
equipment/ tools tools comfortable tool s
tool s
Experiment

Display a good Most of the

All Major Some Procedures P4 5 /25
handling and procedures
procedure procedures procedures are followed
understanding are followed
s are are missing are missing correctly
of Experiment correctly
missing
Measurement
Most data All data are
Measure and All data Most data are taken but
correctly minor data All data are P4 5 /25
taking data are are missing
taken, no are incorrect correctly
with missing or or incorrect
missing taken
efficiency incorrect
data
Respond to
Able to
Q&A
Minimum Limited respond and Able to Unable to
ability to ability to answer respond and respond
Respond and P3 3 /15
respond answer and constructivel answer and answer
answer to the
and answer sometimes y most of the constructivel to the
question
to the do not match time. y at all question
accordingly.
question. the question. times. accordingly.
Disciplines

Show the good

discipline by
Major flaws Minor flaws Minor flaws Conform to Conform to
follows the
to criteria, to criteria, 5 to dress dress code, all criteria
rules below; P2 3 /15
10 minutes minutes late code and minor flaw
-Dress Code late safety to safety

-Lab
Regulations &
Safety

Total
Mark: 2 /100
 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPT. 2016
WATER QUALITY FIELD
MEASUREMENTS AMENDMENT DATE: AUG. 2016

STUDENT CODE OF ETHICS

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

I hereby declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also admit to not accept or

provide any assistance in preparing this report and anything that is in it is true.

1) Group Leader __________________________________ (Signature)

Name : __________________________________
Matrix No. : __________________________________

2) Group Member 1 ___________________________________ (Signature)

Name : ___________________________________
Matrix No : ___________________________________

3) Group Member 2 __________________________________ (Signature)

Name : __________________________________
Matrix No. : __________________________________

4) Group Member 3 __________________________________ (Signature)

Name : __________________________________
Matrix No. : __________________________________

3
 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPT. 2016
WATER QUALITY FIELD
MEASUREMENTS AMENDMENT DATE: AUG. 2016

1.0 OBJECTIVES
a) To introduce the modern engineering tools and instruments to be used in
measuring the water quality of water and wastewater on-site.
b) To determine the basic water quality parameter in water and wastewater samples.

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the study, student will be able to:

a) Evaluate the water parameter quality in domestic wastewater and water sample.
b) Use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for
environmental engineering practice,
c) Develop their ability to work in group.

3.0 INTRODUCTION
3.1 Field measurements need to be performed for rapidly changing parameters such
as the pH value, the conductivity, the dissolved oxygen content and the
temperature.

3.2 The pH term is used to indicate the alkalinity or acidity of a substance as ranked
on a scale from 1.0 to 14.0. The acidity or alkalinity of wastewater affects both
treatment and the environment. The pH is actually the measure of the inverse
concentration of hydrogen ions and is a logarithmic scale. As pH values lower, it
indicates increasing acidity; while a high pH indicates alkalinity (a pH of 7 is
neutral). The pH of wastewater needs to remain between 6 and 9 to protect
beneficial organisms. Acids, cleaning agents and other substances that alter pH
can inactive treatment processes when they enter wastewater.

3.3 Conductivity is a measure of the ability of water to pass through an electrical

current. Conductivity in water is affected by the presence of inorganic dissolved
solids such as chloride, nitrate, sulphate and phosphate anions (ions that carry a
negative charge) or sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron and aluminium cations (ions
that carry a positive charge). Organic compounds like oil, phenol, alcohol, and
sugar do not conduct electrical current very well and therefore have a low

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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPT. 2016
WATER QUALITY FIELD
MEASUREMENTS AMENDMENT DATE: AUG. 2016

conductivity when in water. Conductivity is also affected by temperature: the

warmer the water, the higher conductivity. For this reason, conductivity is reported
as conductivity at 25oC.

3.4 The analysis of dissolved oxygen (DO) is a key test in wastewater process control.
The DO test provides information about the condition of the wastewater for the
operator to make process control decisions. A single DO test rarely reflects the
condition of a body of water. Several samples taken at different times, locations
and depths are recommended for more reliable information.

3.5 Temperature is one of the most frequently taken tests in the wastewater industry.
Accurate water temperature readings are important not only for historical purposes
but also because of its influence on chemical reaction rates, biological growth and
dissolved oxygen concentration.

4.0 INSTRUMENTS /APPARATUS / CHEMICAL / REAGENTS

4.1 Chemicals / Reagents
a) Buffer solution; pH 4, pH 7 and pH 10
b) Distilled water

4.2 Apparatus /Instruments

a) On-site water quality checker
b) Dissolved oxygen
c) pH meter
d) Conductivity meter
e) Beaker
f) Grab sampler
g) Wash bottle
h) Soft tissue

2
 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPT. 2016
WATER QUALITY FIELD
MEASUREMENTS AMENDMENT DATE: AUG. 2016

5.0 PROCEDURE
5.1. Field Observation
5.1.1. During every sampling event, observations of field conditions that could
assist in the interpretation of monitoring data are to be recorded. This can
provide useful information about the water being sampled, which can help
diagnose the source and potential impact of pollutants found by chemical
analysis.
5.1.2. Examples of such field conditions are as follows:
i. Recent rain can wash potential pollutants from surrounding land into
waterways.
ii. Winds may drive some constituents toward one side of the waterbody
or create mixing which might help dissipate them more quickly.
iii. Shading from cloud and vegetation can influence the level of dissolved
oxygen.
iv. Any abnormalities that may indicate pollution or affect water quality,
such as absence of flow, presence of surface scum, water colour or
odours, excessive algal or plant growth, dead fish or invertebrates
should also be noted
5.2. Field Measurement
5.2.1 Surface Water Sample
5.2.1.1. Field measurements commonly are monitored within a cross
section of the surface-water body to help determine how well
mixed the stream is, consequently the sampling method to be
used and to determine the field-property values of the water
body at the selected site.
5.2.1.2. In situ use of multiparameter instrument is the most efficient
means of obtaining such data.
5.2.1.3. Many instruments include a pressure transducer that produces
a value for water depth or level. For instruments without
pressure transducers, the approximate depth of the sonde as it
is lowered through a transect can be noted by placing
incremental marks along the instrument cable or be connected
to a pressure transducer.

3
 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPT. 2016
WATER QUALITY FIELD
MEASUREMENTS AMENDMENT DATE: AUG. 2016

5.2.1.4. Wait a minimum of 60 seconds for the sensors to reach thermal

equilibrium with the water temperature at each new location.
5.2.1.5. At each measuring point, allow the field-measurement values
on the instrument display to stabilize within an established
criterion before recording final field measurements.
5.2.1.6. Field-measurement values generally are considered stable if
the variability among three or more consecutive readings,
spaced some number of minutes apart, conforms to the
designated criteria.
5.2.1.7. Biological growth or debris in the water can foul sensors, which
will adversely affect sensor readings.
5.2.1.8. Try to avoid areas that will result in having to stop and clean
algae, sediment, or debris from the sensors.

5.2.2 Wastewater Sample

5.2.2.1 Take the wastewater sample by grab sampling.
5.2.2.2 When the waterbody is shallow and well mixed, sub-surface
water sampling is generally adequate. Sub-surface samples
should be taken from approximately 30 cm depth, with care
taken to ensure no floating films or organic material are
collected unless they are of specific interest.
5.2.2.3 Collect the sample directly into the sample container. Where
this is not practical (such as when a sample cannot be
collected without loss of preservative) an intermediate
container may be used.
5.2.2.4 When sampling by hand, surface films can be avoided by
removing the cap, inserting the container into the water
vertically with the neck facing down. Once at the required
depth, the container can then be inverted, allowing the sample
to flow in. The mouth of the container should be faced into the
current while keeping the hands, sampler and any other
equipment (eg boat) downstream to minimise the chance of
contamination.

4
 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPT. 2016
WATER QUALITY FIELD
MEASUREMENTS AMENDMENT DATE: AUG. 2016

5.2.2.5 Carefully, take three wastewater samples at three locations: the

influent point, the aeration tank and the final effluent point.
5.2.2.6 Measure the pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and
temperature of the wastewater at each location.

5
 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPT. 2016
WATER QUALITY FIELD
MEASUREMENTS AMENDMENT DATE: AUG. 2016

6.0 RESULTS & CALCULATIONS

Record all the readings for surface water sample in Table 6.1 and wastewater sample
in Table 6.2.

Table 6.1: Data for Surface water sample

Dissolved Conductivity, Temperature,

Samples Trials pH
oxygen, mg/L s/cm C
1
2
Point 1
3
Mean
1
2
Point 2
3
Mean
1
2
Point 3
3
Mean
1
2
Point 4
3
Mean
1
2
Point 5
3
Mean

6
 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPT. 2016
WATER QUALITY FIELD
MEASUREMENTS AMENDMENT DATE: AUG. 2016
Table 6.2: In-situ data for wastewater sample

Dissolved Conductivity, Temperature,

Samples Trials pH
oxygen, mg/L s/cm oC
1
2
Influent
3
Mean
1
Aeration 2
tank 3
Mean
1
2
Effluent
3
Mean

7.0 ANALYSIS
Please analyze the data and results obtained in this experiment

8.0 DISCUSSIONS
Discuss your results both on the basis of any theory presented and on their relevance
to practical applications and current industrial practise. Comment on the variation of
your results and compare them with the recommended standard values from the
Department of Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment or other
international organization such as EPA, WHO, EC, etc.

9.0 ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

1. What does is mean by replicate? Discuss on the importance of doing replicates.

2. Why sample preservation must be done before sample storage? Discuss on the
sample preservation for both types of samples.

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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPT. 2016
WATER QUALITY FIELD
MEASUREMENTS AMENDMENT DATE: AUG. 2016
3. Who is responsible for wastewewater treatment plant maintenance in Malaysia and
what are their job scopes?

4. Draw the water treatment plan and briefly explain each of the process involved.

5. What is Standard Method for the Examinations of Water and Wastewater? List
five(5) methods of best current practices regarding water or wastewater analysis
that were outlined in that.

10.0 CONCLUSION
Conclusion is merely a summary, presented in a logical order, of the important findings
already reported in the discussion section. It also relates to the objectives stated
earlier.

Prepared by/Disediakan oleh : Approved by/Disahkan oleh :

Signature/Tandatangan : Signature/Tandatangan :
Name/Nama : DR. NOR HASLINA BINTI Name/Nama : DR. SURAYA HANI BT. ADNAN
HASHIM
Date/Tarikh : February 2015
Date/ Tarikh : February 2015