FIRST CERTIFICATE

Avenues Revised Edition

WORK BOOK
with A n s w e r s

David Foil & Anne Kelly

CAMBRIDGE
U N I V E R S I T Y PRESS
P U B L I S H E D B Y T H E P R E S S S Y N D I C A T E O F THE U N I V E R S I T Y O F C A M B R I D G E

The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 lRP, United Kingdom

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2 R U , United Kingdom
40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA
10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia
Cambridge University Press, 1997

This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception

and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 1997

Reprinted 1997

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

ISBN 0 521 49982 8 Workbook with Answers

I S B N 0 521 49983 6 Workbook
IS BN 0 521 4 9 9 8 4 4 Workbook Cassette
I S B N 0 521 49979 8 Coursebook
I S B N 0 521 49980 1 Teacher's Book
I S B N 0 521 49981 X Set of 2 Class Cassettes
Contents

Introduction to the teacher 5 Lesson 2 In t h e c i t y 33

Introduction to the student 6 Grammar Conditional sentences; Writing What would it
be like?; Listening City life
UNIT 1 Language L e s s o n 3 O n the l a n d 35
Lesson 1 L e a r n i n g E n g l i s h 7 Vocabulary The right word; Reading A hellishly noisy
Grammar Asking questions; Vocabulary Phrasal verbs; place: Pronunciation Numbers and symbols: Vocabulary
Speaking Getting to know you Phrasal verbs

Lesson 2 E n g l i s h in t h e w o r l d 8 UNIT 5 A question of health

Reading Use your dictionary wisely; Dictionary skills;
Lesson 1 H e a l t h a n d f i t n e s s 38
Listening Learning Chinese
Grammar The present: Writing A day in the life of ...;
Lesson 3 U n s p o k e n m e s s a g e s 10 Speaking Talking about photos
Reading The kiss is not a simple matter; Grammar
Lesson 2 W h a t ' s t h e c u r e ? 40
Pronouns; Vocabulary The right word; Writing
Confessions of an English student Grammar Advice; Vocabulary Phrasal verbs; Listening
The subject is smoking
UNIT 2 Eating and drinking Lesson 3 P h y s i c a l l y d i f f e r e n t 42
Lesson 1 N a t i o n a l f o o d 15 Reading A feeling of pure joy; Pronunciation Vowel
Grammar Nouns; Vocabulary Containers and groups; sounds; Grammar Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed:
Reading Ice cream: What's in a lick; Speaking The Vocabulary The right word
secrets of the fridge Lesson 4 E x a m r e v i e w 45
Lesson 2 S o m e l i k e it h o t 18
Grammar Personal preference; Writing My taste in food; UNIT 6 A place called home
Grammar Adverbs Lesson 1 N e i g h b o u r h o o d s 46
Lesson 3 F o o d f o r t h o u g h t 20 Grammar Present perfect; Writing Asking for
Vocabulary Phrasal verbs; Listening Food and drink; information; Vocabulary Phrasal verbs
Vocabulary The right word Lesson 2 L i v i n g r o o m 48
Listening Converting my flat: Word formation
UNIT 3 People
Compounds and adjectives; Speaking Safety at home
Lesson 1 J u d g i n g by a p p e a r a n c e s 22
Lesson 3 I n t e r i o r s 50
Reading A question of honour; Grammar Conditional
Reading The luck of the house; Grammar The past:
sentences; Pronunciation Emphasising words;
Vocabulary The right word
Vocabulary Phrasal verbs
Lesson 2 Q u i t e a c h a r a c t e r 25 UNI T 7 On the move
Grammar Relative clauses; Vocabulary Character Lesson 1 O n t h e r o a d 53
questionnaire; Writing Punctuation practice; Speaking
Vocabulary Prepositional phrases; Grammar Reported
Personal description
statements; Speaking Expressing opinion; Grammar
Lesson 3 H e r o e s a n d H e r o i n e s 27 Asking questions
Listening The London Dungeon; Grammar Making Lesson 2 A i r m a i l 55
deductions; Vocabulary The right word; Writing Linkers
Reading Air anxiety seminars; Word formation Nouns;
of addition; Writing My hero
Writing A letter to a friend; Vocabulary Phrasal verbs
UNIT 4 Town and country Lesson 3 E x o t i c h o l i d a y s 57

Lesson 1 On t h e m a p 31 Grammar Modal verbs; Listening Early package tours

and women travellers; Vocabulary The right word
Grammar Comparatives and superlatives; Grammar
Passive; Speaking A nice place to live

C o n t e n t s 3
UNIT 8 What's in the news? UNIT 12 Improving your mind

Lesson 1 F r o m o u r o w n c o r r e s p o n d e n t 61 Lesson 1 B r a i n P o w e r 94
Grammar The past; Vocabulary Phrasal verbs; Grammar The -ing form of the verb: Writing Dreams in
Pronunciation Weak forms; Speaking Reporter for a day everyday life; Vocabulary Phrasal verbs
Lesson 2 N e w s i n t o h i s t o r y 63 Lesson 2 T h e h a p p i e s t d a y s of y o u r l i f e ? 95
Listening History in the making; Grammar Conditional Listening Studying abroad; Grammar 'wish' I 'if only';
sentences: Writing / was there Vocabulary Prepositional phrases; Speaking Unwillingly
to school?
Lesson 3 H o w c o u l d i t h a p p e n h e r e ? 64
Reading Haunted waters; Grammar Time relationships; Lesson 3 G r e a t e x h i b i t i o n s 97
Vocabulary Prepositional phrases; Vocabulary The right Pronunciation Word linking; Grammar Comparatives
word and superlatives (revision); Reading About a million
dollars' worth; Vocabulary The right word
UNIT 9 Making your way
UNIT 13 Science and technology
Lesson 1 R i g h t f o o t f o r w a r d 69
Grammar Reported questions; Writing The job interview; Lesson 1 C o m p u t e r s 101
Word formation Practice exercise; Speaking Asking Reading Mieroseopie machines; Grammar The infinitive;
politely Vocabulary Phrasal verbs; Word formation Revision
exercise
Lesson 2 T h e p o u n d in y o u r p o c k e t 71
Speaking Shopping; Vocabulary Phrasal verbs; Lesson 2 In s p a c e 103
Grammar Getting people to do things; Vocabulary Grammar The future; Grammar Reported speech
Prepositional phrases (revision); Vocabulary Prepositional phrases; Speaking
Looking to the future
Lesson 3 W r o n g f o o t f o r w a r d 73
Listening Down and out in Harlem: Reading A hopeless Lesson 3 M i n d o v e r m a t t e r 106
case?: Grammar Reason, result and purpose: Vocabulary Listening Watch out!; Grammar Quantity; Vocabulary
The right word The right word; Writing A letter to a friend

UNIT 10 Relationships UNIT 14 The world around us

Lesson 1 F r i e n d s h i p 77
Grammar Modal verbs; Grammar Simple or progressive?;
Reading Love and marriage; Speaking What would
happen if ...?
Lesson 2 A l l in t h e f a m i l y 80
Listening A traditional family; Grammar The article;
Word formation Verbs; Vocabulary Prepositional phrases
Lesson 1 T h e e n v i r o n m e n t 109
Grammar Passive (revision); Reading Back from
extinction; Writing Looking at both sides
Lesson 2 A n i m a l l i f e 112
Grammar The -ing form or the infinitive; Vocabulary
Phrasal verbs (revision); Speaking Family animals; Word
formation Revision exercise

Lesson 3 B r i d g i n g t h e g e n e r a t i o n g a p 82 Lesson 3 C o n c r e t e j u n g l e 114

Grammar Contrast: Writing Between childhood and adult Grammar Impersonal 'it': Vocabulary The right word:
life; Vocabulary Phrasal verbs; Vocabulary The right Listening An unusual story
word
UNIT 15 Culture and tradition
Lesson 4 Exam review 85
Lesson 1 T r a d i t i o n a l s t o r i e s 116
UNIT 11 Free time Reading Once upon a time; Grammar Revision of tenses;
Vocabulary Phrasal verbs (revision)
Lesson 1 A g o o d s p o r t 86
Listening A sporting life; Vocabulary Phrasal verbs; Lesson 2 A r t a n d c u l t u r e 119
Vocabulary Prepositional phrases; Speaking Agreeing Listening The arts; Grammar Conditional sentences
and disagreeing (revision); Writing Making a complaint
Lesson 2 H o b b i e s a n d p a s t i m e s 87 Lesson 3 C e l e b r a t i o n s 121
Reading An interest in magic: Grammar be used to doing Speaking Family celebrations; Vocabulary The right
I used to do; Word formation Prefixes; Speaking My word; Grammar Revision exercise
favourite things in life
Lesson 4 Exam review 124
Lesson 3 H a v i n g a g o o d t i m e 90
Grammar The future; Vocabulary The right word; Tapescripts 126
Writing Putting something right Answers 137
Acknowledgements i n s i d e b a c k cover

4 C o n t e n t s
Introduction to the teacher

This Workbook is designed to complement First

Certificate Avenues Revised Edition Coursebook. It gives
students further practice in the grammar, vocabulary
and skills work done in the Coursebook and provides
further experience of exam exercise types. The
Workbook is available in two versions: one with
tapescripts and answers, and one without.

The Workbook exercises are organised into three

lessons for each unit, which correspond to Lessons 1, 2
and 3 of each Coursebook unit. (There are only
Workbook exercises which correspond to Coursebook
Lesson 4s for Units 5, 10 and 15.)
You may wish to use some exercises in class, to set
others as homework, or to suggest that students treat
the Workbook as a resource for individual study. Where
class time is limited, or where individual students have
special needs or difficulties, you will find it helpful to
have this bank of appropriate exercises which students
can be encouraged to make use of in their own time.

If students are to use the Workbook on their own, it

would be a good idea to go through the Introduction to
the student with them first. Make sure they understand
how to make best use of the answers and tapescripts,
and that they follow the rationale for using a cassette
player when doing the speaking tasks and for practising
speaking where possible with a classmate.
The Workbook reading, writing, listening and speaking
exercises will give students practice in exam type tasks
as well as help develop language skills. The grammar
exercises will consolidate work done in the Coursebook
and help students acquire the accuracy and range of
structures needed for all five papers at First Certificate.
Similarly, the vocabulary exercises will build on
Coursebook work and extend students' active range in
frequently used topic areas. Completed exercises will be
useful for reference and revision.

I n t r o d u c t i o n t o t h e t e a c h e r 5
Introduction to the student
You probably already realise that, if you want to make
progress in English, you have to study by yourself as
well as do work in class. This Workbook is to help you
make the best use of your home study time.
HOW TO USE THE W O R K B O O K
Your teacher may ask you to do certain Workbook
exercises for homework, or you may use the Workbook
entirely on your own. If you arc using the Workbook
without a teacher, you probably need to have the
edition which has answers (and the texts of the
recorded material) at the back. Then, when you have
completed an exercise, you can check your answers for
yourself. Of course, you should never look at the
answers, or the tapescript, until you have done the
exercise. Before you do any Workbook exercise, study
the instructions and the example carefully so that you
know what to do.
HOW THE W O R K B O O K IS O R G A N I S E D
The Workbook exercises give you further practice in the
work you have done on grammar, vocabulary and
reading, writing, listening and speaking skills in the
First Certificate Avenues Coursebook. There are
Workbook exercises for Lessons 1, 2 and 3 of every
Coursebook unit. You should do the Workbook
exercises after you have done the corresponding
Coursebook lesson in class.
The reading, writing, listening and speaking tasks
give you practice in the kinds of exercises you will have
to do in the Eirst Certificate exam.
There is a Workbook cassette which contains all the
recorded material for the listening, speaking and
pronunciation exercises.
GRAMMAR AND V O C A B U L A R Y
You will find the Workbook grammar exercises give you
more practice in grammar work done in the Coursebook.
The Workbook vocabulary exercises practise
vocabulary that has been taught in the Coursebook.
They also extend your vocabulary with other words
and phrases around the topic of the unit which are
useful at First Certificate level.
READING AND L I S T E N I N G
Doing the Workbook reading and listening tasks will
help you improve your reading and listening skills. You
6 I n t r o d u c t i o n
should do the tasks in different ways. Sometimes you
can take as much time as you need, reading or
listening to the text as often as you like, and. if you
can't guess the meaning of an important word, using a
dictionary to help you. At other times you should do
the tasks as timed exam practice: only listening to each
listening text twice, and taking 1 5-20 minutes to do
each reading task, and not referring to a dictionary.
WRITING
Doing the Workbook writing tasks will develop your
writing skills. Remember to follow the instructions, to
make a paragraph plan before you write, and to check
what you have written carefully afterwards. It's useful if
a teacher can correct your written work for you, but
it's not essential. Just doing the writing is good practice.
If possible, ask a classmate to read what you have
written to see if you have communicated your ideas
clearly. There are model answers to some writing tasks
at the back of the edition with answers. Sometimes you
should try to do a writing task as timed exam practice.
If you want to do that, think about the task, plan,
write and check your work, all in 45 minutes.
SPEAKING
The Workbook speaking tasks are perhaps the most
difficult exercises to do on your own. But it is very
important that you practise your speaking as much as
the other skills. This is because Eirst Certificate Paper 5,
like the other papers, earns 2 0 % of the total marks in
the exam - and you can only improve by practising.
For most speaking tasks there is an example or
model on the cassette. Listen to this carefully. Practise
what you want to say, then record yourself speaking on
a blank cassette. Listen to what you have said, think
how you could improve your performance and record
yourself again. This will help you express your ideas
more fluently and make fewer mistakes. If possible, do
the speaking tasks with a classmate. Then you can help
each other, enjoy the task more, and get useful exam
practice. Remember, in the First Certificate exam you
will do Paper 5 with another candidate.
Doing the Workbook exercises in addition to the work
in First Certificate Avenues Coursebook will mean you
face the exam with added confidence in your ability to
do all five papers well.
t o the s t u d e n t
 U N S T O N E

Language

1 Learning English
Grammar Asking questions Vocabulary Phrasal verbs
Claudia is in England and wants to do a summer These phrasal verbs are frequently used in the
school in English. Complete her conversation with the English language classroom:
director of the Central Language College.
catch up with cross out fill in get on
DIRECTOR: Good morning. Can I help you? go through hand in let off look up read out
CLAUDIA: Yes, please. I'd like some information. Could rub out stand in for work out
you (1) ..tell..me..about your college ?
Replace the words in italics with a phrasal verb, in
DIRECTOR: Certainly. Do you want to study English
the correct form, from the box. Use a different
here? phrasal verb each time.
CLAUDIA: Yes, but I can't stay in England very long.
1 If you work hard, you'll make progress (..get.on )
When (2) ?
in English.
DIRECTOR: Would Monday suit you? We have a few free
2 Solve ( ) the problem by finding
places then.
( ) the word in the dictionary.
CLAIDIA: That would be fine. How long (3)
3 Make notes by completing ( ) the
?
chart on page 2 3 ; then say aloud ( )
DIRECTOR: Exactly four weeks. It ends on the second of
what you have written to your partner.
September.
4 I know it's a holiday tomorrow, but I'm not going to
CLAEDIA: Could you tell me how many (4)
excuse you from doing ( ) your
?
homework.
DIRECTOR: Three in the morning and two in the
5 Check ( ) what you have written
afternoon. You'll have to work hard!
carefully before you give ( ) your
CLALDIA: Are (5) ?
composition to the teacher for correction.
DIRECTOR: Well, the average number is twelve. Our
6 You have missed a lot of classes, so you must do
teachers find that the best size.
some extra work to reach the same level as
CLAIJDIA: I don't have to (6) ?
( ) the other students.
DIRECTOR: I'm afraid you do. Your marks will tell us
7 You can remove ( ) a mistake
which is the best class for you.
written in pencil, but you have to draw a line through
CLAUDIA: What about accommodation? Can you
( ) one written in ink.
(7) ?
8 Your normal teacher is ill, so I'm doing the job for
DIRECTOR: We'll do our best. But most of our regular
( ) her today.
families are fully booked at the moment.
Use your dictionary to check the meanings of any of
CLAUDIA: Well, I think I'll do the course. Shall I write
these verbs that you are not sure of. Learn the ones
you a cheque now? that are new for you.

L E S S O N 1 L e a r n i n g E n g l i s h 7

Listen to ten 'getting to know you' questions on
the recording and answer them with
information about yourself. These questions are
typical of the sort of questions the examiner will ask
you in Part 1 of Paper J.
There is a pause on the recording between each
question: try to keep talking for the whole length of
the pause.
Use your dictionary wisely
Read the following advice carefully. Three of the 'rules'
give unwise advice: which do you think they are? Why?
Look at the end of the book to see if you are right about the 'unwise rules'.
When you have answered all the questions, stop
the recording and think about your answers. In
what ways could you improve them? Did you make
any g r a m m a r mistakes which you can correct now?
C o u l d y o u h a v e u s e d m o r e p r e c i s e o r m o r e interesting
vocabulary? Can you think of a better way of
joining y o u r ideas together?
Rewind the recording a n d answer the questions
again. Were your answers better this time?
For further practice, if possible, ask and
answer the questions with a classmate.
U N I T 1 L a n g u a g e
 9 Although she had the problem
with her doctor, she still felt worried.
PRONUNCIATION
10 I have to my neighbours
Which word is the odd one out? Check your
answers in the dictionary. several times about the noise they make late at
night.
EXAMPLE: 1 ship: The vowel sound in ship is /I/, not /i:/
like the other words.
IDIOMS
1 tree piece (ship) key leaf When you want to know the meaning of an
2 bed sand head said friend idiom, you can look up a key word in the dictionary.
Match each sentence (1-6) with an appropriate
3 laugh much does once young
response (a-f). Then check your answers by looking
4 full wolf could foot fool at all the entries for the key word 'world' in the
5 born ought fault board cough dictionary.
6 first warm serve earth word 1 Is the food good there?
7 Underline the silent letters. Check your answers in 2 She says she can be a good mother and have a
the dictionary. successful career.
3 Clare looks really happy.
EXAMPLE: knife
4 Tom doesn't want to lose his secretary.
dumb sword honest cupboard Wednesday 5 Paul never takes any notice of what's happening.
ghost should whistle knee half walk 6 Luke doesn't have that huge car any more.
doubt psychology receipt
a Yes, she wants the best of both worlds.
b No, he's come down in the world.
MEANING A N D USE c Yes, it's out of this world.
All the verbs in the box are to do with speaking d No, he's in a world of his own.
in some way. In the dictionary, check the particular e Yes, she's on top of the world.
meaning of each verb and how it is used. For f No, he thinks the world of her.
example, what preposition comes after 'refer'?
What other useful phrases or idioms does your
argued boasted chatted complained discussed dictionary give for the word 'world'?
expressed insisted mentioned objected
referred
Learning Chinese
Complete each sentence with an appropriate verb
from the box. Think about meaning and grammar. Listen to Sue, an English teacher, talking about
her experience of learning Chinese. What aspect
1 In his speech he ..referred to the help he of this is she describing?
had received from his friends. A using her coursebook
2 In the lunch break we about B remembering new vocabulary
our favourite television programmes. C taking part in conversations
3 She her ideas simply so that
Listen again and complete this summary of the
everyone could understand. methods Sue used. It is written as seven points
4 I that I was going on holiday. of advice on remembering new vocabulary in any
but I didn't give any details. foreign language. The first letter of each missing
word is given. One example ( 5 ) has been done for
5 He on giving me a lift in his
you.
car. even though I wanted to walk.
1 U the v in
6 She with her father all day, but
your textbook which you need in r
he still wouldn't let her go to the party.
2 One way to r a word is to find a
7 He about his rich and famous
similar w in your language:
parents and the expensive presents they gave him.
another way is to make a picture of it in your mind.
8 The students to the large
3 Learn your v not once a week
amount of homework the teacher gave them.
but a I and o

L E S S O N 2 E n g l i s h in t h e w o r l d 9
4 Copy words and e into a 6 Read your vocabulary book t
v b which is times a d , for f.
small enough to k in your minutes.
P 7 Look over the words you learned 1
5 Also c.opy. into this book words week so that you don't f. them.
which you hear people in conversations using
again and again.

Look at the following list. Who do you kiss? Kissing keeps you healthy.
Why? How do you kiss them? Who do you not If you kiss someone in public in India, you may
kiss? be arrested.
Animals kiss each other.
parents brothers and sisters uncles and aunts
cousins partner (boy/girlfriend; husband/wife)
True or false? Read this magazine article to find out.
friends neighbours teachers strangers babies
pet animals

10 U N I T 1 L a n g u a g e
 Choose from the list A-H the sentence which
best summarises each paragraph (1-7). There is
one extra sentence which uou do not need to use.
A There are different ways of greeting a friend
from country to country.
B Animals have different ways of showing they
care for each other.
C A kiss can mean many different things.
D Different cultures have different attitudes to
kissing in public.
E Not all kisses are given with love or affection.
F Mouth-to-mouth contact between animals has
different meanings.
G A kiss is a good way of showing how you feel
about someone.
H Kissing is nice - and can be good for you too.

L E S S O N 3 U n s p o k e n m e s s a g e s 11
Grammar Pronouns Vocabulary The right word
Complete this story using the words in the box. Some Fill the gaps in a-d by using each word or phrase in
words you will need to use more than once, some you the box once only. Look at the example first.
will not need to use at all.
1 achieve come off improve succeed
I you he she they
She's very ambitious - she'll do anything to
him her us them
yours ours theirs ..achieve her aim of becoming a top
himself herself themselves politician.
this that these those Usually only a few students .succeed in
each one ones
passing all the qualifying exams the first time.
something anything everything nothing
somebody anybody everybody nobody If my plans to study in Russia .come off
I won't be here next term.
Silence One way to ..improve. your English is to
When Mr and Mrs Blair's son was born (1) ..they. live in an English-speaking country.
congratulated (2) other because the
baby never cried. (3) boasted to all 1 waved whispered whistled yawned
their friends, 'This son of (4) is better- a When the hunter could no longer see his dog in
behaved and quieter than (5) !' But as the forest, he loudly.
(6) grew older (7) b Her train started to move and she
began to worry about (8) because at her friends standing on the platform.
(9) never made a sound or said c The tired student several
(10) to ( 1 1 ) and times during the lecture.
(12) always played by ( 1 3 ) d When she couldn't answer the teacher's question,
When (14) was alone, Mrs Blair asked her friend the answer behind
(15) what could be wrong with her her hand.
son, and Mr Blair discussed the problem with
(16) that ( 1 7 ) knew,
but ( 1 8 ) had any suggestions.
One day. when the boy was ten years old, his mother
gave ( 1 9 ) some apple pie for lunch.
(20) suddenly said to ( 2 1 )
'(22) isn't sweet enough!'
His parents looked at (2 3) another
in surprise and Mr Blair asked ( 2 4 )
'Why have (2 5) said ( 2 6 )
before now?'
'Well,' replied the boy, 'up until now ( 2 7 ) "I hope we get to communicate with them - I'd just like to tell them
was just fine!' we have no interest in communicating with them."

12 U N I T 1 L a n g u a g e
3 coached educated taught trained 7 gesture message sign signal
a She was at a convent school a The to attack was a Hashing
until the age of 12. light.
b For the last nine months he has b The librarian left a asking you
hard for the Marathon. to call her back.
c He each of his children to c The old lady made a welcoming
drive. with her hand.
d The reason she is good at tennis is that she is d He failed his driving test because he could not
professionally. read a traffic at 25 metres.

4 failing passing studying for taking S indicator notice signature signpost

a Congratulations on all your a The on the door said 'Out to
exams! lunch. Back soon.'
b No one likes an exam - I hope b Your shows drivers in front
she does better next time. and behind when you intend to turn right or left.
c When are you the FCE exam c We're lost - look out for a
- in June or December? that will tell us the way to the village.
d She's a law degree at night d A cheque isn't, valid until it has a
school, after a full day's work. on it.

5 memorised picked up reminded revised 9 intention meaning mind opinion

a For two weeks before the exam they a I have no of speaking to them
all that they had learned again.
during the year. b I couldn't get what she told me out of my
b The teacher her students to
take a rubber and pencil sharpener to the exam. c The chairperson asked all those present to state
c When I was younger, 1 long their of the problem.
lists of vocabulary without difficulty. d A scientist would be able to explain the
d The foreign student lots of of that animal's strange
slang expressions when working in the restaurant. movements.

6 ability command skill talent 10 at first sight by heart by mistake in pencil

a Speaking a language is a like a The only thing to do with certain idiomatic
playing football - the more you practise, the better phrases is to learn them
you become. b I did the second exercise, not
b That student has a good of the first one.
written German. c Fill in the answers for Paper 1
c People who live in the jungle have the d the FCE papers look difficult,
to understand animal calls. but after some practice you get used to doing the
d Her writing shows great - I exercises.
think she'll be a famous poet when she grows up.

L E S S O N 5 U n s p o k e n m e s s a g e s 13
 Write two paragraphs about your first experiences of Exchange what you've written with some classmates
learning English. The first paragraph should be and see whether your experiences were similar.
about what happened, and the second about how you
felt.

Before you start writing, get some ideas by

completing this mind map. You can make any
changes and additions you want.

14 U N I T 1 L a n g u a g e
 Eating and drinking

National food
Grammar Nouns
Rewrite these sentences using the words on the right. Make as few changes
as possible.

L E S S O N 1 N a t i o n a l food 15
Vocabulary Containers and groups Match each group word in Box A with the word
it usually goes with in Box B.
What can you usually find in these containers? EXAMPLE: a crowd of people
Find the odd one out in each list, and say what
A B
kind of container you usually find that thing in.
crowd birds
soup bunch criminals
1 a bowl of fruit set desks
packet heap grapes
sugar row papers
lemonade cereal gang people
water biscuits flock ships
2 a jug of 6 a packet of fleet tools
flowers cigarettes
cream spectacles
onions paint Reading Ice cream: What's in a
milk toothpaste
3 a carton of
cigarettes
7 a tube of
beer lick
juice make-up Do you know
ice cream sand
coffee
4 a mug of 8 a bucket of chocolates - what ice cream is made of?
tea
water - how it is made?
soup
disinfectant - where it was first made?
instant coffee rubbish Quickly read this section of a magazine article to find
matches potatoes out. Don't worry if there are some words you don't
5 a jar of 9 a sack of
honey oil know: you should be able to get the general idea
olives coal without needing to use your dictionary.

U N I T 2 E a t i n g a n d d r i n k i n g
16
 Using information in the text, write the correct
number (1, 2, 3 or 4) in the correct place on the
illustration of the ice cream churn.

Find as quickly as possible the answers to

questions 1-6 in the article. Choose the correct
answers from A-H in the box.
According to the article, who
1 first developed the practice of storing ice
underground?
2 helped to spread the use of iced desserts from
Arab courts to Renaissance Italy?
A Catherine de Medici
3 helped to spread the use of iced desserts to 16th
B Charles II
century France?
C the Chinese
4 helped to spread the use of iced desserts to 17th
D the Crusaders
century England?
E Nancy Johnson
5 designed a machine that could make ice cream
F Italo Marchiony
in a few minutes?
G Marco Polo
6 helped to make ice cream widely available to the
H the Romans
2()th century public?

L E S S O N 1 N a t i o n a l food
 The secrets of the Listen to the example
answer to question 1
fridge on the recording.
Go to your kitchen and look in your fridge or
food cupboard. Then prepare as full answers as
you can to questions 1-7. In each case, give reasons
with your answers.
Which food/drink
1 is there a lot of?
2 is there not much of?
3 should be eaten soon?
4 do you not like very much?
5 is for emergencies?
Now record your own answers on a blank cassette.
6 has probably been forgotten?
When you have finished, listen to them and think how
7 is unfortunately missing?
you could improve what you say. Then record
everything again and see if it sounds better the second
time.

Some like it hot

Grammar Personal preference My taste in food
Complete each sentence (1-10) by adding an Look at this announcement in a popular
appropriate ending (a-j). magazine.
1 Alice is interested
2 Kate is keen
3 Chris is fond
4 Phil doesn't
5 Ellen can't
6 Dan likes hot dishes
7 Grace would rather
8 Jack hates
9 Sally prefers
10 Sara enjoys
a cooking herself large meals every evening.
b on fresh food grown organically.
c stand fast food and takeaways.
d eat nothing than eat something unhealthy.
e in trying out vegetarian recipes.
f baking her own bread to buying it.
g going without his breakfast.
h mind doing the washing-up after a meal.
i of eating in the open air.
i better than salads.

U N I T 2 E a t i n g a n d d r i n k i n g
 Get ideas for your writing by thinking about
your answers to these questions.
a What do you like to eat to keep you cool in summer?
b Which do you prefer, eating alone or in the company
of good friends?
c Do you enjoy trying dishes you've never tasted
before?
d Does food taste better eaten outdoors?
e What kind of food helps you keep warm in winter?
f Do you think eating is one of life's pleasures?
g How do you feel about eating in bed?
h Do you ever show your affection for someone by
cooking them a meal?
i Is there any kind of food you find too disgusting to
eat?
j Would you rather eat in an expensive restaurant or
have a simple home-cooked meal?
k If you feel sad, can eating something delicious make
you feel better?
1 Does anyone ever force you to eat anything?

Tick the questions which suggest ideas you

want to write about.

Arrange the questions you have ticked in three

groups of ideas that seem to go together. For Complete each sentence with one of the words
example, you may think that a and d go together. given in brackets.
Decide what the most logical order for these ideas is.
1 Be as ..quick as possible in the shower.
Using this organisation, write three paragraphs (quick/quickly)
for the competition. 2 She made the sandwiches ..quickly
(quick/quickly)
Grammar Adverbs 3 I can't hear. Please speak more
(loud/loudly)
Write sentences putting the words in brackets 4 That music is too (loud/loudly)
in normal sentence order.
5 Are you all right? You look
(terrible/terribly)
6 I've spilt the soup. I'm sorry!
(terrible/terribly)
7 I feel in a mood after a large
meal. (good/well)
8 She cooks , like her
grandmother, (good/well)
9 Is Janet ill? I haven't seen her
(late/lately)
10 Peter is for breakfast again!
(late/lately)
1 1 If you try enough, you'll
succeed. (hard/hardly)
12 Aren't you hungry? You've
eaten anything. (hard/hardly)

L E S S O N 2 Some l i k e i t hot 19
 Food for thought
Phrasal verbs Food and drink
Which nouns in Box II can combine with which
phrasal verbs in Box A to make sensible What was your favourite food and drink when
sentences? For some of them more than one you were a child? Do you still like it? What
combination is possible. food (or drink) do you deliberately eat (or drink)
because you know it is good for your health?
EXAMPLE: YOU can clear up the mess (after a party).
Is there any food (or drink) that you know you
A B shouldn't eat (or drink), but which you find it hard
clear up a new recipe to give up?
cut down on the mess
cut off the empty package
go off your belt
let out sugar
pick out the electricity
put away fattening foods
run out of the shopping
throw away the ripe apples
try out milk

What instructions might a mother give to a

child who was helping her in the kitchen in
these situations? Complete each instruction with a
phrasal verb with 'up'.
1 The child hasn't finished eating her breakfast.
Eat. up.. your breakfast.'
2 She hasn't drunk all her juice. '
your juice.'
3 The mother wants to make chips. 'I've peeled the
potatoes, now you them '
4 She thinks the heat is too low under the saucepan.
'Please the gas.'
5 The child has spilt juice on the table. '
the mess with a cloth.'
6 There are a lot of dirty dishes. 'Please
the dishes for me.'
Listen to five people talking about different
aspects of food and drink. For each speaker
( 1 - 5 ) , choose from the list A-F what he or she is
doing. Use each letter only once. There is one extra
letter which you do not need to use.
This speaker is
A saying that the smell of certain foods reminds
him/her of earlier times.
B talking about a drink she/he has daily.
C recommending people to take a certain drink
regularly.
D remembering a type of food he/she ate as a child.
E explaining the origins of a famous drink.
F describing the advantages to the health of eating
a certain food.

20 U N I T 2 E a t i n g and drinking
 The right word 3 flavour scent smell stink
a I think the of roses is sweeter
Write the correct word at the end of each
definition. than that of all other flowers.
b I can't bear the of old Fish.
chef chief cook cooker
c There's always a of roasting
1 This person's job is to cook food:
coffee in this street.
2 This person is the head cook in a hotel or restaurant
d I don't like the taste of goat's cheese - I Find the
kitchen. She/he often wears a tall white hat:
too strong.

3 This is the object on. or in, which food is cooked: 4 dried hot powdered spicy
a Careful! That chilli sauce is really
4 This person is the leader of a group of people: .!

b She only eats plain food:

dishes upset her stomach.
How do you eat something you've never had
before? Fill the gaps by using each word in the c Currants, raisins and sultanas are all kinds of
box once. grape.
bite chew nibble swallow d I always keep some milk in
the cupboard, in case I run out of fresh milk.
1 First you a little to see if you like
it.
2 Then when you've decided you do like it, you
off a bigger piece.
3 Next you it carefully.
4 Then you it, and take another
bite.

Fill the gaps in a-d by using each word or

phrase in the box once only.

1 sliced spread stirred stuffed

a First the cook the peppers
with rice and minced meat.
b Then he the sauce
continuously until it had thickened.
c After that he the biscuits
thickly with soft cheese.
d Lastly he the tomatoes thinly.

2 dripping knocking over pouring spilling

a Would you mind me a cup of
tea, please?
b She can carry a glass of water on her head
without a drop.
c That young waiter is so clumsy - he's always
vases of flowers.
d The tap's still - go and turn it
off properly.

L E S S O N 3 F o o d f o r t h o u g h t 21
 U N I T T H R E E

People

Judging by appearances
A question of honour
Read this article quickly to find the answers to - Where does the man in the photo come from?
these questions: - Why does he wear a turban?
- Do the young men still wear one today?

22 U N I T 3 P e o p Ie
 Read the article again carefully. For questions Conditional sentences
1-5, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you
think fits best according to the article. Match each half sentence (1-10) with an appropriate
second half (a-j). Put the verbs in brackets in their
If you come across a word you don't understand,
correct form.
decide if you really need to know what it means. If you
decide you do, use the technique suggested on page 19
of the Coursebook before looking the word up in your
dictionary.

1 According to legend, why did Touareg men first put

on the veil?
A to deceive their enemies
B to look like their wives
C to follow religious tradition
D to protect their faces
2 A Touareg man can remove his turban when he is
A with other men.
B in the desert.
C in a friend's house.
D at home, in private.
3 What does the article say about young men and the
turban?
A They prefer it to Arab and Western clothes.
B They wear it to go out in public.
C They wear it for important events.
D They use it to hide trendy haircuts.
4 What does 'them' (paragraph 11) refer to?
A the Touareg
B most Berber desert tribesmen
C the mouth and nose
D clouds of choking sand
5 According to the article, the Touareg turban is a
symbol of
A the art of living in the desert.
B Touareg resistance to foreign rule.
C how the Touareg control their feelings.
D what it means to be a male Touareg.

Find the word in the article which

means:
1 held tightly on (paragraph 2 ) :
2 food for domestic animals (e.g. camels, goats)
(paragraph 3): a she (have) nothing to wear to her interview.
3 place in the desert where there is water and plants b if I (go) to Switzerland?
(paragraph 3): c unless you (mend) the iron.
d he (be) very disappointed.
4 people who live by travelling from place to place,
e if I (feel) depressed.
rather than staying in one place (paragraph 5 ) : f it (suit) me?
g (use) Sttirkiss shampoo.
5 dropped (paragraph 7): h if you (not be) invited.
i unless you (like) looking scruffy.
6 broadcast (paragraph 7):
j I (buy) you a pair.
7 makes damp (paragraph 11):
8 pointed, double-edged knife (paragraph 14):

L E S S O N 1 J u d g i n g b y a p p e a r a n c e s 23
 Emphasising Phrasal verbs
words Match each verb with an appropriate
object.
You will hear six statements on the recording,
each of which is a response to a question. In EXAMPLE: I'd You can find out the time of a train.
each response a word is emphasised. Listen and You can ...
choose the correct question, A or B, for each response. 1 find out a an untidy cupboard.
EXAMPLE: 2 pull out b an exercise in the book.
A Is the wedding next week? 3 send out c a plan before you act.
B Was the wedding last Saturday? 4 carry out d the time of a train.
You hear 'It's next Saturday.' So the correct question 5 leave out e party invitations.
is A. 6 put out f your opponent in a boxing
match,
1 A Where's the service?
7 make out g a tooth.
B Is the service at St Michael's church?
h an instruction from your
2 A Where's the party afterwards? 8 think out teacher.
B What's happening at Sophie's house?
i a car number plate the other
3 A Where have you been? 9 knock out side of the road,
15 When are you going to the dressmaker's?
j a fire.
4 A Has Rachel bought a hat for the wedding? 10 clear out
B Has Rachel borrowed a suit for the wedding?
Find the most appropriate ending (a-h) for each
5 A Does the bridegroom have brown eyes?
of these sentences (1-8). What do you think
15 Does the bridegroom have black hair?
'them' refers to in each sentence?
Here are three different questions which each
have the same response. But note how you need
to emphasise different words in the response,
depending on the question.
EXAMPLE:
A When's the fashion show?
It's on June 2nd.
B Is the fashion show on July 2nd?
It's on June 2nd.
C Is the fashion show on June 3rd?
It's on June 2 n d . a but they were too short for me.
Now practise emphasising different words in the same b so I'll wear that as well.
response, depending on the prompt. (The prompt may c because I didn't need them in the shade.
be either a question or a statement.) Then listen to the d because they're being cleaned.
recording to check. e because her hands were cold.
f my mother in character and my father in
1 A Julia looks happy. appearance,
She's got a new coat. g before they go on stage,
B I think Julia needs a new coat. h but he won't buy a new pair.
She's got a new coat.
C Is Julia going to wear that awful old coat?
She's got a new coat.
2 A Don't forget to take them something.
I've got a bottle of champagne.
B We must buy them a bottle of champagne.
I've got a bottle of champagne.
C Have we got a bottle we can take them?
I've got a bottle of champagne.
3 A Where does he work now?
He works in Argentina.
B Does he work in Brazil?
He works in Argentina.
C Is he on holiday in Argentina?
He works in Argentina.

24 U N I T 3 P e o p l e
 Quite a character
Relative clauses
What are your likes and dislikes? Complete
these sentences.
1 I like people who .make me laugh
2 I dislike people who
3 I like wearing clothes which
4 I hate shoes which
5 I like shops where
6 I keep away from places where
7 I like weekends when
8 I don't like days when
9 1 love friends whose
10 I hate neighbours whose

Complete the definitions for the words in the

crossword, using a relative clause for each one.

DOWN ACROSS
1 clothes which .women wear on their legs 3 a place where
2 a time when 7
3 children whose hair 8
4 9 some people who
5
6 something that
7

LESSON1 J u d g i n g by a p p e a r a n c e s
Vocabulary Character aggressive cautious cheerful conceited
confident imaginative insincere mean moody
questionnaire patient practical shy tactless talkative
v unselfish
Complete the questionnaire by using one word from
the box for each question.

Which of these questions would you answer 'yes' to!

Which two words in the box best describe your
character?

26 U N I T 3 P e o p l e
 Punctuation practice
Rewrite the following text putting in all the correct
punctuation.
the man that lives next door to me is an actor, last
august he finally got his first leading role he was
asked to play the heros part in a film called the blue
skinned banana in one scene my neighbour who had
just learnt to swim had to jump off a high diving
board into a swimming pool he climbed to the top of
the board looked down and immediately climbed
down again whats the matter asked the director i
cant jump from that board said my neighbour do
you know theres only half a metre of water in that
pool yes said the director you dont want to drown do
you
Heroes and heroines
Tile London Dungeon
What kind of people do you expect to see
commemorated in a museum: heroes or
villains?
L E S S O N 2 Q u i t e a c h a r a c t e r
Personal description
Imagine that International Student Friend Line is a
phone line that exists in your area to put young
people in touch with each other.
Listen to the two messages on the phone line.
Would you like to meet either of these two
students? Why (not)?
Prepare to leave your own message. It can
either be a reply to one of the messages you
heard, or a new one of your own. Remember to
include:
- a short introduction (your name, age, and any other
important information about yourself)
- something about your interests
- something about your character
- who you would like to meet and why
Record your message on a blank cassette. Listen
to it and think how you could improve what
you say. Then record your message again.
Listen to a woman being interviewed on the
radio about the London Dungeon, a rather
special museum. Then answer this question.
What is she doing?
A introducing the museum to listeners
B explaining why listeners should visit the museum
C criticising the exhibits in the museum
27
 Listen to the interview again and fill in the 5 Tom Cruise is going to the premiere of his new film
gaps in this summary of what is said. at that cinema tonight. Look at all the fans waif
outside! They
6 This old suit of armour is quite small. Its owner

7 Who won the race? That runner looks very

disappointed. He
8 Ivan has been bad-tempered ever since he opened
that letter. He
9 The wildlife photographer was very close to the
lion, but it went on washing itself calmly. It

10 Jenny says the President has invited her to the

White House, but I don't believe her. She

Vocabulary The right word

Making deductions
Use 'must', 'must have', 'can't' or 'can't have' to
complete the following sentences in an appropriate
way.
1 That actor has so many words to say in the play.
1 casual plain striking trendy
How can she remember them all? She ..must..have...
a good memory. a You can't miss him! He's very
2 Luisa has won a scholarship to the United States. - very tall with bright red
Her parents hair.
3 Alec is scared of heights, but his brother, Tony, b She follows fashion keenly and always wears
climbs mountains every weekend. Tony clothes.
c She's a rather little girl to
4 When explorers first sailed to the Americas they look at, but she has a sweet nature.
didn't know what they would find there. They d Please don't dress up for my party: just wear
something

28 U N I T 3 P e o p l e
2 dressing holding putting on wearing c I can never the knots in

a In this photo the actress is a string - 1 always use scissors.

pair of gloves in her hand. d She helped the child to the

b He must be crazy - it's snowing and he's only buttons on his shirt.

a T-shirt and shorts.

7 broad large tall wide
c After washing and she came
a She's got very shoulders -
down to breakfast.
she must be a good swimmer.
d The old man is his glasses so
b He's very good-looking, with
he can read the newspaper.
black eyes.
3 carried lifted took used c Because she was so she was

a She a belt to prevent her old able to watch the race over the heads of the

suitcase from falling open. crowd.

b He the baby carefully out of d The director leaned forward, with his fists placed

the pram. apart on the table.

c She her dirty suits to the

8 general medium middle usual
dry-cleaner's before going to work.
a Grandma was sitting in her
d The porter my case from the
chair, beside the fire.
train to the taxi on his shoulder.
b The murder suspect is of
4 agree fit match suit height and slim build.

a They're a strange couple: they don't c 'Clothes' is a subject of .

on anything. interest: most students are happy to talk about

b You look very good in those clothes: they really it.

d She's the child in a family of
you.
c Do you think the colours of this blouse five.

this skirt?
9 average ordinary plain typical
d My feet are sore - my shoes don't really
a In the street she stopped to stroke a cat, which
was quite of her.
5 clean neat smart tidy b people will consider political

a She makes sure the children have ideas like those extreme.

underwear every day. c The 15-year-old pupil could

b I've never known a doctor who has easily solve that mathematical problem.

handwriting. d However hard you try to hide your mistake, the

c His bathroom may not be very facts are enough.

but at least it's not dirty.

10 alike equal identical similar
d She thought her son looked very
a Those twins are : it's almost
in his new naval uniform.
impossible to tell them apart.
6 undo undress unfasten untie b Despite recent improvements, women still do not

a The nurse helped the patient have opportunities at work.

and get into bed. c We get on well because we have such

b Don't your seat belt until tastes.

that light goes off. d That couple are surprisingly

in appearance.

L E S S O N 5 H e r o e s a n d h e r o i n e s 29
Writing Linkers of addition
Link the ideas in this paragraph by putting the
words in capital letters in the most suitable place in
the line.
My heroine is a woman warrior from ancient
Chinese history. Her story has become
mixed with myth and with imagination and
fantasy. When many members of her family AS WELL
were killed by bandits, she disguised herself
as a man and joined the army so she could
find the murderers, and kill them. She was TOO
extremely brave and she became a skilled ALSO
general. I admire her because she managed
to deny all her feelings of weakness.
She put family honour first, even above IN ADDITION
her own safety. She was a Chinese woman BESIDES
and so am I!

Writing My hero
Write a description, in three paragraphs, of someone
you admire very much. Write about 50 words in each
paragraph.
PARAGRAPH 1: I N T R O D U C T I O N
Introduce your hero (or heroine). Is it someone from a
hook, or a real person? Alive or dead? Where and when
was the person born? Briefly describe the most
memorable features of the person's physical
appearance.
PARAGRAPH 2: ACHIEVEMENTS
Describe your hero's character, and his or her
admirable actions.
PARAGRAPH 3 : C O N C L U S I O N
Explain why you find these actions admirable.

30
 Town and country

On the map
Grammar Comparatives and 9 Pakistan exports more cotton than anything else.
superlatives Pakistan's
(successful)
Rewrite the sentences below using the word in 10 The fog isn't nearly as thick this afternoon.
brackets.
This morning the fog was
1 Today the weather isn't as cold in London as on (much)
the south coast.
Today the weather .is.warmer in...Londpn ..than on
the south coast, (than) Passive
2 The river Thames is shallower here than it is Complete each sentence (1-10) in an
further east. appropriate way (a-j).
The river Thames is
(less)
3 The streets are wider here than in the old town.
The streets are
(not)
4 In Mexico City it doesn't rain as much in the
winter as in the summer.
In Mexico City in the summer, rainfall
(heavier)
a was first reached in 1 9 5 3.
5 Nowhere in the world is as dry as the Sahara b will be flooded.
desert. c is going to be provided with fresh water.
The Sahara desert is d is expected to continue for several weeks.
e is being drawn.
(place)
f must be picked.
6 Saudi Arabia is one of the hottest countries in the g were being counted.
world. h has been elected president there.
Few countries are i had already been destroyed.
j have been given temporary accommodation.
(as)
7 Poland is not as mountainous as Romania.
Poland is
(flatter)
8 In a storm it's safer to be on land than at sea.
Storms are
(more)

E S S O N 1 On the map 31
 3 The Ganges is geographically the most important
river, and (consider) sacred by
most Indians.
INDIA 4 Basically, the year in India can
1 The north of the country .is..bordered (divide) into three seasons: hot, wet and cool.
(border) by the Himalayas, the highest mountains in 5 The capital consists of two cities, Old Delhi, which
the world. (plan) in 1 6 4 8 by Shah Jehan,
2 On the east, India (separate) the Moghul emperor and builder of the Taj Mahal.
from Burma by foothills of the Himalayas. and New Delhi, which (found)
by the British as the imperial capital in 19 3 1 .
6 Most workers ( 7 0 % ) (employ) on|
the land, but India is also one of the world's major
industrial powers and recently major efforts
(make) to move Indian industry
into modern 'high tech' areas.
7 Textiles (export) all over the
world from India.
8 Sixteen official languages and 8 2 0 dialects
(speak) in India.

32 U N I T 4 Town and country

 Practise talking about a nice place to live. Do If possible, compare your ideas with those of a
this by: classmate. (This is something you will have to
explaining each of the choices you made in the do in Paper 5.) Do you both have the same ideas
questionnaire about what makes a place nice to live in?
saying whether where you live at the moment is a
nice place to live, and giving your reasons
First listen to an example on the recording.

Now record your own ideas on a blank cassette. Listen

to them and think how you could improve what you
say. Then record everything again.

In the city
Conditional sentences
Finish these sentences in a way that makes
sense for you.

a there would be less crime.

b people won't feel safe walking home at night.
c there'd be more pavement cafes in the city centre.
d I'll be able to grow bananas in my garden.
e we would fly to Europe more frequently.
f will Ewa help me find a flat?
g would people take advantage of them?
h I'd have a house overlooking a canal.
i be sure to go to the ballet.
j we can have breakfast in London and lunch in Paris.

L E S S O N 1 On the map 33
 What would it be like? SKELETON B

IN international magazine for students of English My nightmare city

has asked its readers to write a short article. They
should imagine what it would be like living in a city
in another part of the world and write down their
thoughts.
Choose a city and then, using some of the ideas below
and either Skeleton A or Skeleton B, write an article for
publication in the magazine. Write four paragraphs.
Begin each paragraph in the way shown in the
skeleton. Write about 1 50 words.

City life
Practise listening for the general idea with five
short pieces about city life. Before listening,
read the questions through carefully and think about
what you can expect to hear. Then listen and choose
the correct answer (A, B or C) for each question.
1 In a city street, you overhear a woman talking.
Who is she talking to?
A people who have lost their way
(B) people who are sightseeing in her city
C people who are looking for a church
2 Listen to two people talking about having friends in
cities.
What opinion are they expressing?
A It's nice to be able to drop in on your friends.
B The size of a city can influence the number of
friends you have.
C You have to limit the number of friends you have.
3 Listen to a historian talking on the radio about the
different ethnic groups living in London.
What is her purpose?
A to show that some ethnic groups have lived in
London for a long time
B to criticise people's ignorance of the ethnic groups
SKELETON A living in London
C to explain why some communities arrived only
My dream city recently
1 If I could live in any city in the world I would 4 You overhear a conversation in a street.
choose To me that city always What relationship do the two men have with each
other?
looks
A colleagues B friends C neighbours
2 In I'd be able to do many things 5 Listen to a woman talking on the radio about the
I can't do where I live now. For example difficult living conditions in her city.
What has caused these difficult conditions?
A an earthquake B poverty C a war
3 However, there would probably be a few
disadvantages to living in as Were you able to get the general idea, even if
well. For example you couldn't understand everything? Were you
4 In conclusion able to ignore any unfamiliar words?

34 U N I T 4 T o w n a n d c o u n t r y
 On the land
The right word 5 floated overflowed ran splashed
a The lorry drove through the puddles and
Fill the gaps in a-d by using each word in the
box once only. the people at the side of the
road.
1 cultivated harvested planted sowed
b When the snow melted, the river
a Some of the trees in this park were
its banks.
two hundred years ago.
c The child dropped the stick in the river and
b The farmer first prepared the ground and then
watched as it under the
the seeds.
bridge.
c They as much fruit as they
d When he saw the end of the film, tears
could before the autumn rains came.
down his face.
d My great-grandparents kept chickens and pigs and
several fields. Choose the correct word from the box for each
definition (either a-d or a-e).
2 lane path track trail
1 bank beach coast seaside shore
a The local park has a special running
The word for
for joggers.
a the land at the side of a river is the
b The dogs followed the of the
b the area of sand by the sea is the
fox but eventually lost it.
c the place by the sea where people go on holiday is
c The children reached the river by running along
the
the narrow through the fields.
d the land along the edge of a lake or a sea is the
d They live in a cottage at the end of a quiet
off the main road.
e the line on a map where land meets the sea is the
3 near nearby nearest next
a They own a weekend house a 2 border boundary edge margin
famous nature reserve.
b My friend's been taken ill. Where's the
hospital?
c There's no garage here, but you'll find one in the
village.
d The thief hid the stolen bicycle behind some
bushes.

4 crosses flies flows rushes

a The Parana river into the sea
north of Buenos Aires. 3 panorama scene scenery view
b The plane from here to the
The best word to describe what you see
capital once a day.
a from a hotel window is
c At the start of the play, an old man slowly
b from the top of a mountain, stretching in all
the room and opens the door.
directions is
d When she hears the doorbell, she
c from a car or train when travelling through the
excitedly to the window to see
countryside is
who it is.
d in a painting or in a play is

L E S S O N 3 On t h e land 35
 Match each symbol to its meaning 3 They a cloth on the ground and
1 + 2 - 3 x 4 - 5 = began to unpack the food.
4 After lunch they in the shade
a divided by
b equals and were soon fast asleep.
c minus
d multiplied by
e plus
A hellishly noisy place
With which symbol do these verbs go?
f add Do you think the country is quiet and peaceful?
g subtract Or do you think it can be noisy? Sort the list of
countryside noises below into three groups, according
Which of each pair of verbs must have an to your opinion:
object (e.g. the cards, a flag)? 1 pleasant, 'natural' sounds
Which of each pair does not have an object? 2 noises which have to be accepted
3 noises which should be controlled
lay / lie raise / rise
singing birds farmers' vehicles
What is the past tense and the past participle of each overhead planes running water
verb? Choose from these possibilities: farm machinery barking dogs
building work farmers' guns
laid lain lay raised risen rose calling animals (e.g. cows, donkeys, sheep)
visitors' cars, motorbikes, radios
Fill each gap with the correct form of one of the
verbs. Read this newspaper article about the problems
1 At the equator the sun at the that some people have had with countryside
noise in England. Eight sentences have been removed
same time every day.
from the article. Choose from the sentences A-I the
2 The children had to their hands one which fits each gap 1-8. There is one extra
if they wanted to ask a question. sentence which you do not need to use.

36 U N I T 4 Town and c o u n t r y
 Phrasal verbs
Can you answer these questions about some phrasal
verbs? All the verbs are formed with either 'up' or
'down'. Check with your dictionary if you aren't sure.

Numbers and
symbols
Practise saying these numbers and symbols. Then
check your pronunciation against the examples on
the recording.

How do you say these figures?

Where do you put the word 'and' when you say

these numbers? Where do you not use it?
420 7 0 1 . 1.362 25,500 57,251 638,959

How do you say '0' in each of these cases?

Phone number: 0 1 7 1 749 0 5 4 4

Mathematical figure: 2-2 = 0
Countdown: 5-4-3-2-1-0!
Football score: 2-0
Tennis score: 15-0

L E S S O N 3 On the l a n d 37
 A question of health

Health and fitness 3 'You (enjoy) your meal?'

'Yes, thank you. I normally
(not eat) meat, but this stew
The present
(taste) delicious.'
Answer these questions about yourself. Use at 4 Marta (study) very hard for her
least one of the words or phrases from the box exams next month. As soon as she
in each answer. Write complete sentences.
(wake) up, she (open) her books,
always frequently from time to time generally and she hardly ever (play)
hardly ever now and then occasionally often
basketball now. It (surprise) me
rarely regularly seldom sometimes usually
because I (know) she
(prefer) sport to school work! But she
(seem) happy and healthy.
5 People (become) more and more
aware of the health benefits of having regular
holidays. The pressures of everyday life
(get) worse and stress-related
illnesses (increase).

A day in the life of...

Imagine you are a journalist for a magazine called
Health and fitness. At a prize-giving ceremony held
by your magazine, you interviewed ONE of the
Put the verbs in the correct tense: present characters on the opposite page, asking him or her to
simple or present progressive. Make any other describe a typical day in his/her life.
necessary changes.
These are some of the questions you asked. What do
1 Georgia usually ..goes (go) to the
you think the replies were?
Sports Centre after work, but she often
What activities do you do during the day?
(spend) all the time in the coffee Where do you do them?
bar so she (get) fit very slowly! How long for?
2 'You (work) in St Luke's Hospital How do you feel about these activities?
this month, aren't you? What you Who do you come in contact with during the day?
Do these people share your attitude to health and
(do) there?'
your lifestyle?
'I (have) a job in the kitchen. What is special about your day?
Every morning I (give) advice to
the cooks about menus for patients with special
diets. In the afternoon I (be) free
so I (finish) my thesis.'

38 U N I T 5 A q u e s t i o n of health
 Here is a typical exam task for Part 2 of Paper 5, using
these photos:
C o m p a r e and contrast the two photos, saying how you
feel about these ways of having a healthy lifestyle.
You have about a minute to do this.
To do the task well, you need to
a pick out things which the photos have in common.
b describe ways in which they are different.
c give your opinions on the topic.
Listen to the example on the recording, which starts
but does not finish the task.

Write three paragraphs for your magazine describing a

typical day in the life of the person you interviewed.
Write about 1 50 words. The topic sentence for each
paragraph has been done for you:

1 Mornings are always a bit difficult for Mr/Ms ...

2 Things start to get better for him/her at lunchtime ...
3 The best time of day for him/her is the evening ...

Talking about photos

These two photos show different ways that
people can have a healthy lifestyle.

Now practise doing steps a and b above.

The photos show contrasting ways of keeping

fit and healthy:
- taking exercise, e.g. going for a walk, playing a sport
- eating, e.g. being careful about your diet
What is your opinion of these? Which is easier for you
to do? Which is more effective?
Practise giving your opinion.

Record yourself doing a-c on a blank cassette.

Then listen and think how you could improve
what you say. Have you used some of the language
in the Coursebook on pages 5 2 - 3 ? Did you keep
talking for about one minute (not much more, not
much less).'

Repeat the whole task and record yourself

again.

L E S S O N 1 H e a l t h and f i t n e s s 39
 What's the cure?
Grammar Advice
This letter has 11 mistakes
in it. Find them and
correct them. The first one
has been done for you.

Phrasal verbs
Here are some phrasal verbs which we use when
talking about health. If you are not sure about the
meanings of any of them, check in your dictionary.
clear up come out in cut down get over
give up go down with look after
look forward to put on take up

Write an appropriate verb in each gap. Use each verb

only once.

40 U N I T 5 A q u e s t i o n of health
 The subject is smoking
Why do people smoke? What do you think? Fill
in the following questionnaire.

Listen to part of a radio programme in which
three people talk about smoking and how to
give it up. Which of the points above do they discuss?
Listen again and for questions 1-10 decide
which of the speakers is the correct answer.
Write D for Dave (the presenter), A for Anna (the
guest) and M for Mick (the doctor).
1 Who explains the nature of nicotine?
2 Who began smoking because of the people
he/she knew?
3 Who became addicted to cigarettes without
realising it?
4 Who explains why young people feel more
relaxed smoking?
5 Who explains why stopping smoking is good
for your health?
6 Who would have been embarrassed if he/she
had failed to give up?
7 Who thinks it is better to give up gradually?
8 Who explains why the first few weeks of giving
up are the hardest?
9 Who thinks that a benefit of giving up is the
money you save?
10 Who thinks that putting on a little weight is
not a big problem?

L E S S O N 2 W h a t ' s the c u r e ?
 Physically different
A feeling of pure joy
In what way do you think the writer of the
following text was disabled? How did he
manage to paint pictures? How easy do you think it
was for him?

Find the words or phrases in the third Choose the best answer (A-D) for questions 1-5.
paragraph of the passage which mean:
1 leaning forward, with his legs under him and his 1 Where does the passage come from?
back bent: A a letter describing the writer's family life
B an article recommending the teaching of painting
2 folded:
to children
3 with the fingers pulled in tightly: C a book telling the story of the writer's life
4 short nails: D a book explaining how to start painting
5 strange: 2 What does the writer say about his new pastime?
A He only had the most basic equipment.
6 not graceful:
B He drew his pictures before painting them.
7 not straight: G He couldn't paint what he wanted to.
8 instrument for pulling a cork out of a bottle: D He needed some time to get used to it.
3 What happened to the writer as a result of taking
up painting?
9 wooden frame for holding a painting while it's being
A He rediscovered feelings of happiness.
painted: B He stopped going out with his brothers.
C He was able to express his unhappiness.
D He decided he liked being on his own.

42 U N I T 5 A q u e s t i o n of h e a l t h
4 The writer got his parents to pin drawing paper to
the floor so that
A he could put his paints and brushes on it.
B the floor would be protected from paint.
C the paper didn't move when he was painting.
D he could copy the pattern of the floor.
5 Why did the writer paint sitting on the floor?
A He could carry on painting for hours.
B It was the easiest way for him to paint.
C There was no table or chair in the room.
D He had his best ideas in this position.

Vowel sounds
Four of the words in each set contain the same vowel
sound, but one word has a different vowel sound.
Underline the odd one out. Check your answers by
listening to the recording, or by looking up the
phonetic symbols for these words in your dictionary.
1 hand rash ankle gland jaw
2 body stomach lung tongue blood
3 brain heart vein ache pain
4 cough cold body nostril spot
5 neck breast head ear temperature The right word
6 throat shoulder elbow sore bone
'refreshed relaxed -relieved restless

Adjectives ending in -ing Which would you feel after

and -ed 1 taking a cold shower on a hot day?

2 having a massage?
Rewrite these sentences using the words in brackets. 3 hearing that an operation had been successful?
Do not change the meaning of the sentences. 4 having lost a job that kept you busy?

confused exhausted tired worried

Which would you feel after

1 running ten kilometres?
2 writing two letters in English?
3 losing some special medicine?
4 being given different opinions by two doctors?

prescription receipt recipe ticket

Which of these pieces of paper

1 gives cooking instructions?
2 shows your seat number in a theatre?
3 confirms that you have paid for something?
4 contains an order for medicine?

L E S S O N 3 P h y s i c a l l y d i f f e r e n t 43
 Fill the gaps in a-d by using each word in the 5 destroy harm spoil suffer
box once only.
a Old people are more likely to
1 dose drug injection pill from pneumonia than teenagers.
a My arm is still sore from the b They claim the bomb can completely
the doctor gave me. buildings without killing any
b The daily is two tablets after people.
meals. c Don't be afraid of touching the horse - it won't
c She is so stressed she has to take a sleeping you.
to get to sleep. d That couple regularly parties
d Aspirin is a commonly used to by arguing in front of everyone.
reduce pain and fever.
cure heal mend treat
2 energetic fit healthy lively a The hospital is doing research into gentler ways to
a To keep she swims and jogs cancer.
nearly every day. b There's no medicine which can
b Because I sit in an office all day, I like to do a cold - but this will help you feel a bit better.
something at weekends, like c This ointment is very good for helping cuts to
playing squash.
c She has a very lifestyle - a d I've broken this kettle - can you
good diet, lots of exercise and plenty of sleep. it?
d He's a very . child - always
7 comforted protected sheltered wrapped
running around, laughing and shouting.
a The refugee himself in his
3 aches " hurts pains swells coat and tried to get to sleep.
a My arm from carrying that b They from the storm in a cave
heavy suitcase, on the hillside.
b My toe where I cut it on the c When she went to the beach she
rock. her skin with a special suncream.
c She keeps saying she's got terrible d The presence of his mother
in her chest. the sick child.
d He has an allergy to certain foods: when he eats
them his face up.

4 damaged injured struck "wounded

a His attacker him on the head
with a metal object.
b She recently her knee in a
skiing accident.
c The fire severely the old
castle.
d His grandfather was during
his country's War of Independence.

44 U N I T 5 A q u e s t i o n of health
 In Lesson 4 of Coursebook Units 1-5 you have
studied how to deal with these exam questions:
Paper 2 Writing, Part 1
Ursula Arianna
(Coursebook pages 38-9)
Although I find them I don't like doing the
Paper 3 Use of English, Part 2 (gap-filling (open))
difficult, I quite like the rewriting sentences task,
(Coursebook page 2 7 )
open gap-filling exercises. don't know what the
Paper 3 Use of English, Part 3 (rewriting sentences)
I enjoy the challenge of point of it is and often I
(Coursebook page 6 5 )
working out what the just guess the answers. I
Paper 5 Speaking, Parts 1 and 2 (Getting to know you,
missing word should be. don't know how to
Talking about photos)
improve.
(Coursebook pages 5 2 - 3 )
You have also read information about the whole exam
on Coursebook page 17.
For questions a-d below, tick either the YES or the NO
box.

a Can you remember how many papers

there are in the exam and what
each paper tests? Rob
b Can you remember what kind of test I think I'll be really
exercises the four exam questions listed nervous in the Speaking
above are? paper. I'm sure I'll forget
c Do you understand what you have to everything I know,
do in each of these exam questions? especially when I have to
d Can you remember the advice given talk about the
in the Coursebook about how to do photographs - a minute is
well in each exam question? a very long time! How
can I help myself to do
If you ticked the NO box for any of these questions, well?
read the relevant Coursebook pages again.
When you have thought about your advice for Arianna
2 Look at what these students said about doing
these types of exam question. Which students
and Rob, look at the advice given at the end of the
book. Did you have the same ideas? Do you think it is
do you agree with? What advice could you give
good advice?
Arianna and Rob?
Listen to Paolo doing the speaking task in Unit
5 Lesson I on Workbook page 39. First, look
back at the task to remind yourself of it. Then listen
and think how Paolo could have done better. Consider
these points:
- following the instructions
- organising what you say
- using a range of language
Elvira Kostas - paraphrasing
It's difficult to remember I like doing the Part 1
everything you have to do writing activity. It's very Read the comments at the end of book. Did you have
in the exam. To remind practical - like something the same ideas?
myself, I sometimes look you might really do
at AH about the exam' on outside class. And you
page 17 of the don't need to have too
Coursebook. many ideas of your own!

L E S S O N 4 Exam review 45
 A place called home

Neighbourhoods
Present perfect 7 Sean has never had a house by the sea before,
ever
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
This is the first a
meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.
Do not change the word given. You must use between house by the sea.
two and five words, including the word given. S Local elections were held in January last year,
1 Television soap operas were first popular in the not
1960s. Local elections
popular since January last year.
Television soap operas . have been popular for;.. over 9 They can't remember when they last visited the
30 years. public library,
2 I first watched Neighbours three years ago and I still not
watch it. They the public
for library recently.
I three years. 10 Unemployment started to decrease when the car
3 Our neighbourhood is still unspoilt, factory opened nearby,
not less
Our neighbourhood There since the car
yet. factory opened nearby.
4 Mrs Gilroy left the housing estate ages ago.
lived Asking for information
Mrs Gilroy the
housing estate for ages. You would like to spend two months next summer in
London, staying with an English family. You have
5 Gwen has always worked in the same place.
been offered accommodation in a part of east London
never but you want to know more about the neighbourhood
Gwen anywhere before you decide whether to accept or not.
else. Look at the letter you have received from the Home
6 I heard the news about the shopping centre a Stay Programme Director, the map and the notes you
have made on the map. Using these notes, write a letter
moment ago.
to the director asking for more information. Write
just 1 2 0 - 1 8 0 words in an appropriate style.
I the news about
the shopping centre.

46 U N I T 6 A p l a c e c a l l e d home
Before you write, make a paragraph plan:
How many paragraphs will you write?
What ideas will you put in each paragraph?
What will your topic sentences be?
Think about an appropriate beginning and ending for
your letter.

Phrasal verbs
Complete these texts with the appropriate phrasal
verb, in the correct form, from the boxes. If
necessary, consult your dictionary.

clear out come up with cut across

drop in get rid of get round to
have round put up

Visitors
All the things in our house that we can't bear to
(1) ...get rid of , but
which have no current use, are kept in the spare
bedroom. Every spring I plan to ( 2 )
the room so that when visitors from
faraway places arrive unexpectedly I can offer to
(3) them for the night. But
I never seem to (4)
it. It doesn't seem to matter; we still have
a lot of visitors. We (5) my parents
nearly every Sunday; friends and
neighbours often (6) at any
hour of the day and night, and all the cats in the
neighbourhood (7) our
garden on their way to explore the rubbish dump at
the end of the street. Can anyone (8)
a system for making sure
there is always enough food and drink in the house to
refresh our guests?

L E S S O N 1 N e i g h b o u r h o o d s 47
 break out cut off get out put off Home is a dangerous place
put out take up turn into If you don't take the proper precautions you can have
a nasty experience. For example, a small accident with
a chip pan can (1) a major
fire. Fire also often (2) as a
result of smoking in bed. Stories of people who have
been unable to (3) of their
burning homes, because they were (4)
by smoke, should be enough to
(5) every sensible person the
idea of smoking in bed. A wise investment is a small
home fire extinguisher. They don't cost much money or
(6) much space but they can
(7) small fires quickly and cleanly.

Living room
Converting my flat Compounds and
You are going to hear Jan talking about the
adjectives
conversions he made to his new flat. Urst look
Add one word to each of these groups to form
at his drawing and see what type of information is
three compound nouns.
missing.
1 address / cookery / exercise ..book.
2 toilet / news / note
3 class / spare / leg
4 travel / estate / secret
5 day / pilot / traffic
6 drawing / safety / hair
7 letter / match / window
8 arm / wheel / deck
9 washing / sewing / slot
10 green / light / ware

Match a word from Box A with another word

from Box B to form ten compound adjectives.
EXAMPLE: home-made
A B
air conditioned
brand controlled
hard fashioned
home hand
labour made
mass new
old produced
remote proof
Listen to Jan's story and fill in on the drawing
second saving
the missing information (1-8). This could be
water wearing
either a word or a figure.

48 U N I T 6 A p l a c e c a l l e d home
 Write the adjectives that can be formed from 7 power
these words. 8 space
1 centre .central 9 tradition
2 change 10 allergy
3 colour 1 1 value
4 dust 12 cloud
5 suit 1 3 energy
6 mountain 1 4 rust

Safety at home
Look at the drawing of part of a kitchen and living
room. There are several things in it which could
either cause a fire or be dangerous for young
children. Talk about the dangers and say what you
would do to reduce them.
First listen to an example on the recording.
Now record your own ideas on a blank cassette. Listen
to them and think how you could improve what you
say. Then record everything again.
This task is typical of the task you have to do with
your partner in Part 3 of Paper 5. (If you want to read
about Part 3 look at page 1 6 4 in the Coursebook.) So.
if possible, find a classmate to repeat it with.
Do you have the same ideas about the dangers?

L E S S O N 2 L i v i n g room 49
 Interiors
The luck of the house
Feng shui is an ancient Chinese art based on
the belief that energy moves through buildings.
Feng shui tries to encourage this energy to act in the
most positive way for the people who live and work
in the building.
Do you think each of features 1-7 would create
positive or negative energy for a house?
1 A straight road leads directly to the front door.
2 There is a hill at the back of the building.
3 The neighbouring houses are taller.
4 The house is built on a south-facing slope.
5 A railway line runs along the back of the building.
50
6 There is a pond in front of the house.
7 There is a tree or lamp-post immediately in front of
the front door.
Look at the end of the book to see how feng shui would
interpret these features.
Read this newspaper article about feng shui.
Four paragraphs have been removed from the
article. Choose from the paragraphs A-E the one
which fits each gap (1-4). There is one extra
paragraph which you do not need to use.
U N I T 6 A p l a c e c a l l e d home
 The past 4 Molly (not do) the washing
because she (not remember) to
buy more soap powder.
progressive. 5 When she (dust) the dining

1 Mr Potts ..was cutting ( t ) the grass when a room furniture, she (polish) the
c u

dog ..jumped (jump) over the fence. table until it (shine).

6 Mark (think) he
2 My neighbours (decide) to
(turn) off the oven, but he
redecorate their house when the do-it-yourself store
(realise) he
(announce) special offers on
(forget) when he (smell) burning.
materials.
7 It (be) the first time Rosa
3 They (notice) the damp patch on
(iron) a silk shirt but she
the wall when they (take) off the
(manage) to do a good job.
old wallpaper.
4 While Helena (paper) the hall,
she (run) out of wallpaper paste. The right word
5 Petra (not wash) down the walls
Where would you find each of the pairs of
before she (paint) them.
words in the boxes below?
6 When she (open) the tin of
1 indoors or outdoors?
paint, she (see) it
ceiling - roof
(be) the wrong colour. door - gate
7 There (be) a hole in the roof floor - ground
which (get) bigger so Brian stairs -- steps
(want) to mend it while the fine 2 At the bottom or top of the house?
weather (last). basement - top floor
8 The whole family (work) attic - cellar
upstairs. Rob and Laura (put) 3 On the floor or the bed?
tiles on the bathroom wall and Megan mat - mattress
(hang) new curtains in the rug - sheet
blanket - carpet
bedroom. Greg (not do)
anything. But he (give) them all 4 On the bed or the sofa?
advice from time to time. Suddenly they all cushion - pillow
(hear) a loud noise downstairs. 5 In the kitchen or bathroom?
basin - sink
Complete these sentences, putting the verbs in
brackets in either the past simple or the past
perfect. rebuild redecorate renew repair
1 Paula .didn't allow (not allow) the children to
Which would you do with
watch television until they ..had.completed
1 a broken chair?
(complete) their homework. 2 a shabby room?
2 Before everyone (finish) 3 a TV licence that had expired?
breakfast. Kiera (start) clearing 4 a ruined house?

the table.
3 She (use) the vacuum cleaner
although it (make) a loud noise
and Martin (not wake) up yet.

L E S S O N 3 I n t e r i o r s 51
 Fill the gaps in a-d by using each word in the 5 recovered removed replaced returned
box once only.
a When she had finished the book, she
1 guard keep maintain support it to the library.
a The ex-minister has a policeman to b When his father came into the room, he quickly
the gate to her house. his feet from the table.
h My neighbour used to c When her jewellery was stolen, she
chickens which woke me up every morning. it using money from the
c That floor isn't strong enough to insurance.
a grand piano. d After finding the burglar's garage, the police
d It costs each flat-owner in the block over a a large amount of stolen
thousand pounds a year to property.
the building.

2 own particular private special

a Get out! This is property!
b When she became disabled, she had
equipment installed to take
her up and down the stairs.
c Each room in this hotel has its
bathroom.
d For no reason they suddenly
decided to redecorate the kitchen.

3 deliver distribute provide share

a They dislike shopping so much they pay the shops
to all their food.
b The government can no longer afford to
free housing for the poor.
c In this student accommodation six people
a bathroom and kitchen.
d Every weekend the students
political leaflets in the main street.

4 forget leave lose miss

a Come round and see us! You can't
the house: it's next door to a
large church.
b It's easy to your way walking
through Venice, unless you know it well.
c When you go to the beach, don't
anything valuable in your car.
d I often my umbrella in the
mornings, and then regret it later when it rains.

52 U N I T 6 A p l a c e c a l l e d home
 On the move

On the road
Prepositional phrases 2 'Last week I was stopped by the police for speeding,'
Matthew admitted.
at by in on week
Matthew admitted that the
Which preposition(s) does each of these nouns take?
stopped by the police for
1 air bus car foot plane ship train
2 earth land the moon sea the world speeding.
3 business holiday 3 'On the road women are safer because they drive
4 a hurry a journey more slowly than men.' the police officer said,
5 day night
safer

Fill the gaps in 1-5 with the correct The police officer said that on the road women
preposition.
1 In the summer I go to school foot, but more slowly than men.

in the winter I go bus. 4 'This is the first time I've ever driven through this
2 In the old days, European travellers to India went part of town,' my aunt said.
land and sea. never
3 Life sea as a sailor is very different My aunt said that

from life land. through that part of town before.

4 People travelling abroad business are 5 'We are demanding an underpass here for the
often a hurry to get home. safety of pedestrians,' the demonstrator explained,

5 Animals which are active day are demanding

called diurnal, whereas those that are active The demonstrator explained that they
night are called nocturnal. for the safety of
pedestrians.
6 'We're going to put up traffic lights at this
Reported statements junction,' the councillor announced,

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar install

meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. The councillor announced that
Do not change the word given. You must use between traffic lights at that junction.
two and five words, including the word given.
7 'You won't pass your test if you don't signal before
1 'I'm taking my driving test next week,' Judy's overtaking,' the driving instructor warned me.
boyfriend said. fail
taking The driving instructor warned me that I
Judy's boyfriend told .her.he was taking his I signalled before
driving test the following week. overtaking.

L E S S O N 1 O n the road 53
 8 'You can't park outside the hospital,' the traffic Asking questions
warden said.
A police officer is being interviewed on the radio
allowed
about an incident on the motorway. Complete the
The traffic warden told us conversation.
park outside the INTERVIEWER: I believe there was quite a lot of
hospital. excitement on the motorway today. Can you (1) ..tell...
9 'You must show your driving licence if a police me what happened...?
officer asks to see it,' he said to me. POLICE OFFICER: It all started when a lorry which was
informed carrying surgical needles began to lose part of its
I was show my driving load.
licence if a police officer asked to see it. INTERVIEWER: You mean needles were falling off the
10 'Don't park here unless you want your car to be back of a lorry as it drove up the motorway? Wasn't
towed away!' Isabel said. (2) ?
told POLICE OFFICER: Well, it could have been worse.
Isabel there unless I Fortunately there wasn't a serious accident, but the
wanted my car to be towed away. breakdown services and the tyre companies have done
a lot of good business today!
Expressing opinion INTERVIEWER: HOW many (3) ?
POLICE OFFICER: We've counted up to 7 0 so far. and
we're still counting. Some vehicles had punctures in
all four tyres!

What do you think should be done to cut the

number of accidents on our roads?
Make a list of possible suggestions here:

Now listen to Elaine, Roger and Camilla giving their

ideas. Who do you agree with? Who do you disagree
with? Why? INTERVIEWER: Did (4) ?

POLICE OFFICER: N O , he didn't. That's why he didn't

Express your own opinions on the subject. This stop. I was sent to follow his lorry up the motorway.
is something you will have to do in Part 4 of
INTERVIEWER: Did (5) ?
Paper 5. (If you want to read about Part 4, look at
page 164 of the Coursebook.) Try to use the language POLICE OFFICER: No. My tyres were punctured, too, and
and skills you practised on page 64 of the the lorry driver innocently carried on!
Coursebook. INTERVIEWER: What's the situation now? Can (6)
Record your opinions on a blank cassette. Listen to ?
them and think how you could improve what you say.
POLICE OFFICER: Not yet. We've closed a six-mile stretch
Then record everything again.
while we sweep the motorway clear of needles.
If possible, compare your opinions with those of a
classmate. Do you have the same opinions? INTERVIEWER: Have (7) ?
POLICE OFFICER: Yes. All motorists who were travelling
on that stretch of motorway this afternoon should
check their tyres to make sure they haven't got a slow
puncture.

54 U N I T 7 On the move
 Airmail
Air anxiety seminars
Have you ever flown in an aeroplane? If so,
did you enjoy it? Is there anything that you got
anxious about? If not, what do you think you would
like about flying? Is there anything that might make
you anxious?
Read this newspaper article quickly and choose
the best title for it.
A Safety in the air
B For those in terror of the air
C Training to be an air psychologist
D A weekend in Paris
Read the article again and choose the most
suitable heading from the list A-l for each part
(1-8) of the article. There is one extra heading which
you do not need to use.
A First time inside a real plane
B Up in the air for the first time
C Seeing how normal it all is
D Learning to control fear
E Do it again!
F Almost 1 0 0 % success
G First day of the course
H Preparing for the course
I Air anxiety can be controlled

L E S S O N 2 A i r m a i l 55
 Nouns
EXCEPTIONAL
Write the nouns that can be formed from these
words.
FOOL
1 announce .announcement
2 try PEACE
3 lonely
4 destroy
5 poor
A letter to a friend
6 fit Write a letter to a friend in which you:
7 anxious thank him/her for looking after your pet (e.g. your
8 refuse cat. bird or fish) while you were moving to a new
9 celebrate house.
invite him/her to visit you in your new house.
10 develop
give him/her directions to your house.
11 electric
Make sure you set out the letter properly, organise the
1 2 solve
three points above in paragraphs, and include a
I 3 choose suitable friendly beginning and ending. Write 1 2 0 - 1 8 0
14 stupid words.
1 5 disappoint
16 behave
1 7 thick
1 8 breathe
19 relax
20 practise
21 imagine
22 take off
2 3 make up
24 bring up

Use the word given in capitals to form a word

(a noun, adjective or adverb) that fits in the
space in each sentence.

1 She works as a ...typist

in a big office. TYPE

2 They speak in
Brazil. PORTUGAL

3 What's the of
the Statue of liberty? HIGH

4 The of space
will be expensive. EXPLORE

5 It was a valuable vase, but now it

is cracked it is WORTH

6 Many pop singers suffer from

DEAF

7 sports players
win bigger prizes than amateurs. PROEESSION

56 U N I T 7 On the move
 Phrasal verbs 2 It is always pleasant if friends give you a lift to the
airport or railway station and say goodbye to you
Use these phrasal verbs, in the correct form, in place
there ( ). But if you want to be
of the words in italics. (Be careful where you put the
object of the phrasal verb.) sure of leaving ( ) on time, it is
better to ask a taxi to collect you ( ).
call off check in draw out get away
hang about make for pick up run into 3 If you are driving abroad, be even more careful than
run over see off set out stop over take off usual on the road. If you accidentally crash into
turn back ( ) another car. or hit
( ) a pedestrian, it will ruin your
Advice to travellers
holiday!
1 Before beginning your journey (..setting out ) t
4 Air passengers must be prepared to waif doing
make sure you have all the necessary travel
nothing ( ) at airports. You usually
documents with you. You do not want to return
have to register ( ) about two hours
home ( ) when you are halfway to
before the plane leaves the ground ( ).
the station because you have forgotten your
5 If you are aiming at ( ) a distant
passport, and then reach the station just as your
destination, Hong Kong for example, it is exciting to
train is leaving ( ). Some friends of
break your journey ( ) for a few
mine had to cancel ( ) their
days somewhere on the way, like Delhi.
holiday after making that mistake!

Exotic holidays
Modal verbs 4 Don't get on the train again without buying a
ticket first.
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
buy
meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.
Do not change the word given. You must use between Next time, you
two and five words, including the word given. before you get on the train.
1 If I were you, I'd pack everything in one small 5 In some countries, they aren't strict about people
suitcase. wearing seat belts in the back of the car.
should need
You should.pack everything in In some countries, you
one small suitcase. seat belts in the back of the car.
2 The clouds prevented us from seeing the famous 6 Travelling in the back of the car rather than in the
view. front is safer for young children.
could ought
Because of the clouds, we For safety reasons, young children
the famous view. in the back of the car rather than
3 Speaking to the driver while the bus is moving is in the front.
forbidden. 7 I'd be grateful if you arranged my visa for me.
must arrange
You to the driver Please my visa for
while the bus is moving. me?

L E S S O N 2 A i r m a i l 57
 8 Let me find out about flights to Prague for you Early package tours
when I'm in the travel agency. and women travellers
shall
When I'm in the travel agency, Which of these reasons for travelling do
visitors to your country have? Have you
about flights to Prague for you?
travelled for any of these reasons lately?
9 It's possible that we'll ask you to share a cabin with
on business for pleasure
other passengers. on a pilgrimage with the armed forces
may to find work to study
You a cabin with
Listen to this extract from a radio programme
other passengers.
about early package tours and women
10 The bad weather forced us to spend the night in travellers. Is there anything in the programme that:
the port. amuses you?
had interests you?
Because of the bad weather, we surprises you?
.... the night in the port.
Look over these notes about the programme.
What information seems to be missing?
The missing information is contained in the radio
programme. Listen again and complete the notes by
writing one word only in each gap.

58 U N I T 7 O n t h e move
 The right word Find six pairs of opposites here. Do the
remaining words have anything in common?
When you are taking a plane from one country accelerate land
to another, in what order do you usually pass brake overtake
through these places? check in to reverse
arrivals hall departure lounge check out of sink
boarding gate duty-free shop float slow down
cabin passport control guest speed up
check-in desk security control host take off

Put these kinds of bag or luggage in order of Which is the odd word out in each group?
size: Why?
bumbag briefcase handbag purse rucksack 1 commuter destination immigrant passenger
shoulderbag suitcase trunk -wallet tourist
2 carriage dining car engine sleeper traveller
3 guesthouse hostel lobby hotel motel

bicycle boat car horse

plane ship train

Which of these would you get

into?
on(to)?
off?
out of?

Fill the gaps in a-d by using each word in the

box once only.
1 lane motorway pavement way
a If you want to turn off this road soon, get into
the inside
b If you don't want to be hit by a car, walk on the
At which of these places would it be safe to , not the road.
cross a busy main road? c A large road specially built for fast travel over
bend crossroads footbridge junction long distances is called a
pedestrian crossing underpass d Can you tell me the quickest
to the station?
Which of these people need professional
training? Who need the most?
2 harbour platform quay station
air steward hitchhiker
bus conductor jockey a I'll meet you off your train at the entrance to
chauffeur pilot 5.
cyclist porter b The train stopped at a small country
driver receptionist
half an hour out of the city.
guard ship's captain
c From our hotel room we had a magnificent view
Think of a situation when you would move in of the and the open sea
each of these ways: beyond.
crawl creep limp march slip tiptoe trip d The sailors left their boat tied to the
wander
and went into the town to
What about explore.
drive ride row sail ?

L E S S O N 3 E x o t i c h o l i d a y s 59
3 accompany bring fetch lead
a John's not here. He's gone to
a friend of his from the airport.
b The rider got off her horse to
the animal across the busy road.
c In the nineteenth century a young woman did
not normally go out alone: an older woman
would usually her.
d Whenever he goes abroad on business, he always
remembers to back something
for his children.

4 expedition tour trip voyage

a The university biology department is organising a
big to the Amazon jungle.
b When I retire I'm going on a world
, visiting every continent.
c In the old days the sea from
London to India took months.
d When they got back from their
to Florida they both had a
wonderful suntan.

5 drive excursion travel ride

a A popular activity for tourists at the Pyramids is
to go for a on a camel.
b My grandmother is recovering from her illness:
yesterday I took her for a short
in the country.
c The hotel organises a special
round the island for its guests.
d In these days of air it is
unusual to go round the world by boat.

6 arrived entered got reached

a When they at the hotel, they
immediately went to bed.
b Turn left after you've to the
church.
c They the bus shelter just as it
started to pour with rain.
d When he the pub, the
customers fell silent and turned to look at him.
 What's in the news?

From our own correspondent

The past
Answer the following questions using as many (6) (become) obsessed with the
of the words and phrases in the box as you can. capitalist idea of attracting as many viewers as
for the last few days last night lately on Friday possible. Beijing TV, for example, last week
recently several days ago since the weekend (7) (have) an audience of over 7
so far this week yesterday
million when Xu Tao, their 26-year-old crime reporter,
1 What news events have taken place in your country (8) (manage) to interview a
recently?
notorious rapist. Xu Tao's ability to get exciting news
2 What has happened around the world?
3 What personal news have you got to report? stories always (9) (impress) her
station manager. 'Last year she ( 1 0 )
EXAMPLE:
We had an election here several days ago. (win) the title of News Reporter of the Year,' he says
There has been a hurricane over Florida for the last proudly. But the work can be dangerous. Last month
few days. Xu ( 1 1 ) (make) public the actions
On Friday I went to the dentist.
of a group of unqualified 'doctors'. She
(12) (go) to their 'clinic' as a
patient, using a mini-camera to photograph what
(13) (happen) there. Since then she
(14) (receive) a number of death
Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense: threats. T ( 1 5 ) (threaten) many
past simple or present perfect. Make any other times,' she says fearlessly, 'but bad must not be allowed
necessary changes. to overcome good.'

A Chinese revolution
One of the many changes which (1) has taken (take)
place in China over the last few years is a change in
television news programmes. Since the Communist
party (2) (come) to power in 1 9 4 9 ,
all newspapers, television and radio programmes
(3) (exist) to promote the party's
point of view. Until a few years ago, reporters
(4) (not allow) to publish stories
about social injustice or the mistakes of officials. But
now this (5) (change). Today China
has 7 8 0 regional TV stations, all of which

L E S S O N 1 F r o m our own c o r r e s p o n d e n t 61
 Phrasal verbs
We often agree with people by saying the same thing
in different words. Match the statements (1-10) with
the appropriate sentences of agreement (a-j), which
all use phrasal verbs.
Listen to the conversation and check your ideas.
(You will need to use the pause button to do
this.)
Practise the conversation by yourself. Take
Tom's part first. Pause the recording each time
Dilys finishes and read Tom's reply. Then listen to
Tom's reply as a check.

Either repeat the conversation taking Dilys's

part, or find a classmate to practise the whole
conversation with.

Reporter for a day

Imagine you could be a reporter for your local
newspaper for a day. Look at questions 1-3 and
prepare your answers.
1 What story would you most want to write about?
2 How would you go about writing your story?
3 Is there anything you would refuse to investigate or
write about?
a 'Yes, it hasn't cleared up yet.'
b 'No, they won't get away with it.'
Listen to the recording to see how Martin
c 'No. it didn't turn out well.'
replies to the three questions. Do you think his
d "Yes, they are standing up for helpless creatures.
answers are interesting?
e 'No, they can't carry out their normal duties.'
f 'Yes, it was brought about by bad weather.'
g 'No, they won't give in.'
h 'Yes, they'll set off a lot of rockets.'
i 'Yes, it could wipe out the whole population.'
j 'Yes, they haven't done away with them yet.'

Weak forms
Look at this extract from a conversation
between Dilys and Tom. Which of the ringed
words do you think are likely to be pronounced in
the weak form, as a I Til sound?

62 U N i T 8 W h a t ' s in the news?

 News into history
History in the making Conditional sentences

definitely not do? Why do you think this?

1 If Marie Antoinette ..hadn't.married (not marry)
study hard make lots of friends
Louis XVI, she wouldn't have, lost, (not lose) her
help run the university Tight in wars
get involved in politics have a holiday job head.
get married try to change society 2 Shakespeare (not write) plays if
he (not be) an actor.
3 If Pierre and Marie Curie (not
do) research into radioactivity, they
(not win) the Nobel prize in 1 9 0 3 .
4 If sixteenth century explorers
(not bring) tobacco from the Americas to Europe,
fewer people (smoke) today.
5 Russia (never become) an
important European power, if Peter the Great
(not modernise) the country at
the beginning of the eighteenth century.
6 People (know) less about our modern
world if television (not invent).

1 Hannibal defeated the Romans because he managed

1 She was at university during a
significant historical period.
2 People from the armed forces
tried to persuade students to
light in the war.
3 Most students were keen to light.
4 Anti-war students were allowed
to set up tables on campus.
5 The police arrested one student
for protesting against the war.
6 Other students tried to prevent
the police from taking the student
away.
7 After this event, the student
became very well known.
8 Most people were interested to know
why he had broken the university rule.
9 From that time, the government
stopped listening to student opinion.
10 The speaker is unsure if students
today appreciate what their parents
achieved at university.
to cross the Alps with a huge army.
a a
If Hannibal hsidnW H 0ed to cross the Alps with
a huge army, he wouldn't, have defeated, the Romans.
2 India was colonised by the British, so they speak
English there.
If India
3 Ordinary people find it difficult to trust politicians
because they often tell lies.
If politicians
4 Fewer women than men enter politics so not many
countries have a female head of state.
If equal numbers of men and women
5 Many lives have been saved thanks to the discovery
of antibiotics.
If antibiotics
6 Simon Bolivar was a statesman as well as a soldier -
that's why he was successful.
If Simon Bolivar

L E S S O N 2 News into h i s t o r y 63
 I was there
Which event in the history of your country, or of the
world, would you most like to have witnessed?
Imagine you were there. Write a newspaper report
describing what happened. You can write about any
event you like: these 'headlines' may give you some
ideas.
1 Make a plan for a newspaper report of four
paragraphs:
1 Briefly summarise the day's events.
2-3 Give details of what happened, with comments
from eye-witnesses. (You will need to use your
imagination.)
4 Say briefly why you think the event is
important.
2 Write your report in 1 2 0 - 1 8 0 words.
3 Give your report an eye-catching headline.

How could it happen here?

Haunted waters
Read this extract from a book once to get the
general idea. What type of disaster is described here?
A a flood C a shipwreck
B an earthquake D a volcanic eruption

64 UNIT 8 W h a t ' s in the n e w s ?

' 1 mile = 1.6 kilometres
2
2 Why did the visitors approach Anak Krakatau by
5 feet = approximately 1 metre
!
very light grey stone from within a volcano night?
4
at the time, these islands were part of the Dutch East Indies, a A They were not supposed to be there.
Dutch colony B They had been delayed by the fishermen.
C It was less hot at that time.
Read the extract again and find the word which D The volcano was more impressive then.
means: 3 When the visitors reached the summit, they
A discovered how much of the original volcano had
disappeared.
B thought how beautiful the view was.
C drew a map of the coastline of Java and Sumatra.
D thought about what had happened in the 1 8 8 3
eruption.
4 Which of these phrases is understood between 'but'
and 'discovered' (last sentence, paragraph 4)
A it was
B what he then
C had found himself
D where he
5 What impression of the sea do we get from the
Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) for extract?
questions 1-6. A It's only safe for small boats.
1 What do we learn about the eruption of Krakatoa? B The waves are very rough.
A It was seven times stronger than any previous C It's better not to sail on it.
eruption. D You can't believe what once happened here.
B The sound was heard as far away as England. 6 The writer calls the waters 'haunted' because
C It was impossible to grow crops in Java for years A very few people go there.
afterwards. B many people died there.
D Most of the island where the volcano had been C the seabed is always changing.
disappeared. D the volcano is still alive.

L E S S O N 3 H o w c o u l d i t h a p p e n h e r e ? 65
 Time relationships 4 On hearing the hurricane warning, we closed all the
windows and shutters.
Complete these sentences using 'at', 'in' or 'on',
soon
or nothing at all '-'.
We closed all the windows and shutters
1 The volcano Vesuvius erupted ...- one day
the hurricane warning.
..in. 79 AD, burying the town of Pompeii.
5 Trapped earthquake victims waited patiently during
2 Many fires happen night when people are
the rescue work.
asleep 1 6 6 6 the Great Fire of London
rescue
began in a baker's shop 2 September, early
Trapped earthquake victims waited patiently
the morning.
taking place.
3 every winter the 1 9 8 0 s careless
6 The ship's captain never went to his cabin without
skiers caused avalanches in the Alps.
first looking for icebergs on the horizon.
4 We will review emergency procedures our
before
annual meeting the autumn
The ship's captain always looked for icebergs on the
this year the meeting will be October,
horizon to his cabin.
the first or second Tuesday of the month,
7 The flood waters went down considerably during the
10 o'clock.
night.
5 There were heavy storms the weekend.
gone
lunchtime Saturday a tree in
The flood waters
my garden was blown down. Then last
sunrise.
night my roof started leaking!
8 When the hunter's horse came home without him,
6 wartime, there is often a truce
people realised he was in danger.
Christmas and other religious holidays.
horse
7 Ambulance drivers should get a pay rise
Nobody realised the hunter was in danger
the beginning of May next year.
home without him.
Complete the second sentence so that it has a
similar meaning to the first sentence, using the
word given. Do not change the word given. You must
Prepositional phrases
use between two and five words, including the word EXPRESSIONS WITH 'TIME'
given.
Use each phrase to complete the dialogue.
1 The firefighters checked there was nobody left in the
burning house and then turned on their hoses,
at a time at the same time
after
The firefighters turned on their hoses . .after..they ANNE: You like to read two daily newspapers, don't
.had checked there was nobody left in the you?
burning house. ALISON: Yes, when I have the time.
2 The plane made a strange noise when taking off. ANNE: And do you read them one (1)
as or both of them together?
The plane made a strange noise ALISON: Both (2) 1 like to compare
off how they report the same news stories.
3 The villagers weren't awake to hear the avalanche
at times in time on time
come.
sleeping Which phrase means
The villagers the a precisely at an agreed time?
avalanche came. b at some time which is not too late?
c sometimes?

66 U N I T 8 W h a t ' s in t h e n e w s ?
Put the correct phrase in each gap. 2 last late lately latest
1 The plane left as usual. But a Have you heard the news?
when it was late arriving, people started to get There's been an avalanche in the ski resort.
worried. b The two years of drought
2 the weather in the mountains is have had a severe effect on agricultural
very had. production.
3 The emergency services arrived c In the 1 9 8 0 s the country's
to get the surviving passengers safely to hospital. economy went through a boom.
d Has the volcano shown any signs of activity
OTHER E X P R E S S I O N S OF TIME
.......?

at first at last at the moment at once 3 encouraged persuaded recommended

at present in the end in a moment suggested

Which phrase means a The General the troops to do

a after a long time? (2 phrases) everything they could to take the city.
b immediately? b The refugees were to return
c in the beginning? home by promises of shelter and food.
d now? (2 phrases)
c The government everyone to
e soon?
stay indoors until the hurricane had passed.
Put a correct time phrase in each gap.
d The official that the sailors
1 When the fire officer heard about the crash, she sent checked the weather forecast before they set out.
out all the engines
2 they could not find the place 4 convinced influenced threatened warned
where the plane had crashed. a These days people are regularly
3 they located the crash at the foot about the dangers of smoking.
of the volcano. b The officer to shoot any
4 several of the survivors are in soldier caught stealing.
hospital in a critical condition. c The suspect the police he
5 one of the hospital staff will give hadn't been near the bank on the day of the
more details to the press. robbery.
d Politics in this country are often
by what happens in the USA.
The right word
5 broke crashed ruined smashed
Fill the gaps in a-d by using each word in the
box once only. a When the robbers the stolen
1 information news propaganda publicity van, they ran away on foot.
b He was so heavy he the legs
a Have you heard the ? There's
of the antique chair when he sat on it.
been an earthquake in the east of the country.
c The civil war the country's
b The student went to the library for
tourist industry.
about the number of recent shipwrecks.
d The rock star went wild and
c Some rock bands will do anything to get
the hotel television set with his guitar.
for themselves.
d Some governments use to
influence the way the people think.

L E S S O N 3 H o w c o u l d it h a p p e n h e r e ? 67
 advertise announce broadcast publish

Which would you do to a new

1 product?
2 radio programme?
3 book?
4 policy?

Fill each gap in the text below with a suitable

word from the box. You will not need to use all
the words.
banners celebration council
demonstration government march
ministers opposition to placards
protesters riot support of

The (1) ..protesters went on a (2)

to show their (3) the
(4) 's environmental policies. They
carried (5) to put across their point
of view. There were large numbers of police present to
prevent a possible ( 6 )

Which of the instruments in the first box can

be used to perform the actions in the second
box?
fist foot gun knife stick

beat kick punch shoot stab

Make five pairs of words with opposite

meanings to each other.
advance attack (v.) capture defeat (n.) defend
release resist retreat surrender (v.) victory

In what order do these steps in an election take

place?
a The successful candidate goes to parliament.
b People vote for who they want to represent them.
c All the candidates campaign.
d The candidate with the majority is elected.

68
 Making your way

Right foot forward

Reported questions
Report some questions that you have been
asked recently, for example by your teacher,
parents, boss or friends.
EXAMPLE:
This morning the teacher asked me why I hadn't done
my homework.
Yesterday my boss asked me if I'd like to have a
company car.

2 This is a report of
woman who trains
and on television. What
a conversation with a
animals to appear in films
did the interviewer and the
animal-trainer actually say?

'When did you start doing this work?' the

interviewer asked.
'Many years ago. I trained our family dog to appear
in the film "Oliver!",' the animal trainer replied.

L E S S O N 1 R i g h t f o o t f o r w a r d 69
 The job interview 8 will be served at
the end of the meeting. REFRESH
Write a story called 'The job interview' which begins
9 The waitress smiled
with this sentence:
as she wiped the table. APOLOGY

Soon after I entered the interview r o o m , I g u e s s e d 10 There is a great

something strange w a s going to happen. that the union members will vote for
a strike. PROBABLE
1 Before you write, ask yourself these questions:
- What was strange?
the room?
the interviewer's appearance?
Asking politely
the interviewer's questions?
How would you ask someone:
- What was the job?
- Did you want it?
- Were you qualified for it? 1 his or her name?
- Were you offered it? 2 the meaning of something you can't understand?
- Did you accept it?
- Was there anything strange about this? And how would you ask someone to help you:
- How did you feel? 3 do something you can't do by yourself?
2 Make a paragraph plan (three, four or five 4 look for a ring you've just dropped?
paragraphs). Remember to set the scene in the first
paragraph, and to bring the story to an end in the
last paragraph.
3 Write 1 2 0 - 1 8 0 words. Try to include some direct
and some reported speech.
4 Check what you have written. Are your paragraphs
linked together?
5 If possible, exchange stories with some other
students. Were their interviews strange in a different
way from yours?

Practice exercise
Write down an example for each question here:
The word in capitals at the end of each of the
following sentences can be used to form a word that
fits suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank in
this way.
1 All .visitors should report
to the reception desk. VISIT

2 It's too cold to wear a If you wanted to ask the same question to a different
person (e.g. a good friend I a stranger I someone you
dress. SLEEVE
wanted to impress, like your teacher or a new boss),
3 Because of the manager's how would your question change? Think about both
the workers always arrived late. WEAK the language you would use and the pitch of your
voice. Write down some more possibilities here:
4 On her wedding day she was too
to eat. EXCITE

5 What is the of your

television screen? WIDE

6 He ran up six floors and

gave me the news. BREATH

7 Don't let the children play with those

ornaments. BREAK

70 U N I T 9 M a k i n g y o u r w a y
 Practise asking:
a a good friend questions 2 - 4 .
b a stranger questions 1-4.
c someone you want to impress questions 1-4.
Listen to the example questions on the
recording. Which of the examples would it be
useful for you to remember? Try to use them some
time soon.

The pound in your pocket

Shopping Look back at the recommendations on page 39 about
how to do well in this part of the exam. Then listen to
Here is another typical exam task for Part 2 of the example on the recording, which starts but does
Paper 5; not finish the task.

Compare and contrast the two photos, saying what

you would enjoy or not enjoy about shopping in each
situation.

Now record your own ideas on a blank cassette.

Remember, try to keep speaking for one minute. Listen
to your ideas and think how you could improve what
you say. Then record everything again.

How do you like to shop for the following?

clothes
food
cassettes and CDs
books
presents for your family
In each case, explain your preferences, giving reasons.
Record your ideas on a blank cassette, listen to them
and record again.
If possible, find a classmate to compare your ideas
with. Who has more fun shopping?

L E S S O N 1 R i g h t foot f o r w a r d 71
 Phrasal verbs
Complete each sentence (1-12) with an appropriate
ending (a-l).
a your debts promptly.
b this misunderstanding for us?
c my work if you talk to me.
d some money for my holiday.
e this discussion?
f the offer of such a good job.
g some money from my bank account?
h your house when you were out?
i their jobs during a recession.
j information which could help the police?
k the price of petrol again?
1 the police after a robbery.

Getting people to do Prepositional phrases

things
Look carefully at these sentences. You use structures
like these when you want someone to do something.
Some of the sentences are correct, but some of them
have a mistake in them. Correct the mistakes.
Use the fourteen phrases in the box to make:
a one pair with the same meaning.
b six pairs with the opposite meaning.
at a loss at a profit at least at most
at work in debt in half in stock in two
off duty off work on duty out of debt
out of stock

Now fill each gap with a suitable phrase from the

box.
1 When he was a student, he was heavily
; but once he started working he
was able to pay back all the money he owed.
2 On pay day she divides her earnings
she gives 5 0 % to her mother and keeps the rest.
3 At the end of an unsuccessful season, the fashion
shop had to sell many expensive clothes

4 Security guards are in the

department store from 9am till 6pm.
5 I wasn't able to buy the new CD because my local
2 I had rather you didn't smoke in here.
shop didn't have it
3 We should have the office windows cleaned.
6 I'm afraid the manager's with a
4 Would you mind pass me that file over there?
bad cold - can she phone you tomorrow?
5 It's time for us we had a coffee break.
7 Write a letter of complaint to the company - or
6 Why don't you get the figures check by an
telephone them.
accountant?
7 Do you mind if I can make a telephone call?
8 I wonder if could you type this letter by 4 o'clock?
9 I'd rather you paid back the money this month.
10 Could you let me to leave work early this evening?

72 U N I T 9 M a k i n g y o u r w a y
2 Read this extract from a conversation between
the Personnel Manager (PM) and the Managing
Director (MD) of a company. Then fill each gap with
3 in or on?
Put the correct preposition in each gap.
1 The new model of car is expected to be
the correct phrase from the box.
sale in the autumn.
at all at all costs by half in all on the whole
2 She first wrote her letter of application
P M : The new sales figures are very worrying. We must pencil and then copied it neatly ink.
save the business (1) : it's the 3 The actress was dissatisfied with the service on the
major employer in the town. plane and demanded to speak to the person
M D : The only way we can do that is to reduce the charge.
workforce (2) 4 When the bank clerk had finished looking through
P M : A 5 0 % cut in jobs! That's not possible the letters, she put them back order in the
(3) ! Many people have been with file.
us all their working lives. 5 The hotel staff went strike to protest about
M D : I'm sorry, but according to my calculations, five pay cuts.
hundred jobs (4) will have to go. 6 She's prison for shoplifting and her
P M : It's impossible! I can't agree to that! husband is looking after the children.
M D : Be careful, Jane. I'm quite satisfied with your work 7 The factory is fire! Everybody leave at once
(5) but if you cause me problems - and remember the fire drill!
I may be forced to do something unpleasant. 8 The old lady was horrified to discover her priceless
vase lying pieces on the floor.

Wrong foot forward

Down and out in
Harlem
2 Listen again. For questions 1-8, decide which
opinions Clarence expresses and which he does
not. In the boxes write YES next to the opinions he
expresses, and NO next to the opinions he does not
Why do you think this man is living on the
express.
streets? What sort of person might he be?
1 He thought Sue might give him some money.
2 He wanted to tell Sue he was hungry.
3 He respects the church people who work
with the homeless.
4 He thinks the reason he is homeless is
because he was in prison.
5 He is angry with himself for not having
a real gun when he committed robbery.
6 He was happy when he was married.
7 He didn't mind when his mother refused
to see him.
8 He is sure his life is going to get better.

Listen to these sections from Sue's interview with the

man, Clarence. What answers can you find to the
questions above?

L E S S O N 2 T h e p o u n d in y o u r p o c k e t 73
 A hopeless case?
Read these comments about the behaviour of a
17-year-old young man:
'He used to fight with his teachers at school.'
'He smashes furniture at home.'
'He's been thrown out of the army for fighting.'
'He even threatens his parents with violence.'
'His appearance is terrible - he's dirty and he wears
untidy old clothes.'
Find the word or phrase in the article which
means:
1 sent home (paragraph 2 ) :
2 ranges of possibilities (paragraph 3 ) :
3 crashed and ruined (paragraph 4 ) :
74
What do you think should be done with him? Should
he be punished? Should he be helped? Or is he a
hopeless case who should be rejected by society?
Read the newspaper article and find out what actually
happened to him.
4 not well enough to leave the house (paragraph 5):
5 on their way to (paragraph 6 ) :
6 completely (paragraph 8 ) :
7 jobs done while being trained (paragraph 8):
U N I T 9 Making your wa
 Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) for 5 A police officer always carries handcuffs because he
questions 1-4. may have to make an arrest.
1 Why did Richard Cillard leave home at 17? case
A He was drunk.
A police officer always carries handcuffs
B His parents wanted him to leave.
C He wanted to join the army. make an arrest.
D He wanted to go to Wales. 6 Joe phoned the police to report the break-in.
2 He lived in a car until he tell
A met a criminal.
Joe phoned the police so that
B left Wales.
C crashed the car. the break-in.
D found a job. 7 I'll take my cheque book in case the magistrate
3 What is the aim of the Prince of Wales Community gives me a fine.
Venture?
as
A to help young people feel part of society
B to help young people find good careers I'll take my cheque book
C to provide a variety of leisure activities me a fine.
D to take care of mentally handicapped people 8 The police couldn't arrest the kidnapper because of
4 At the day centre Gillard learnt how to
lack of proof.
A look after old people.
B look after children. have
C solve problems. The police couldn't arrest the kidnapper since
D appreciate his advantages. any proof.
9 The thief told such obvious lies that he didn't
Reason, result and deceive the judge.
obviously
purpose The thief that he
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar didn't deceive the judge.
meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. 10 The witness spoke so softly that the jury couldn't
Do not change the word given. You must use between
hear her.
two and five words, including the word given.
loudly
1 The traffic police use radar so that they can catch
The witness didn't
speeding motorists.
the jury to hear.
to
The traffic police use radar ..to catch speeding
motorists. The right word
2 Sam was arrested when his neighbour described
Fill the gaps in a-d by using each word or
what she had seen. phrase in the box once only.
because
1 laid off left retired sacked
Sam was arrested
a I hated the job so much that I
neighbour's evidence.
one day and never went back again.
3 There are so many pickpockets that the police
b The manager the clerk for
cannot catch them all.
stealing money from the safe.
for
c Because there were no more orders, the factory
There are too many pickpockets
a third of the work force.
catch.
d When my grandfather lie was
4 Being a police officer today is so difficult that
given a large clock by his company.
people think twice before joining the force.
job
Being a police officer today is
that people think twice before joining the force.

L E S S O N 3 W r o n g f o o t f o r w a r d 75
2 charge fare fee fine d He his wife with lies about his
a The motorist had to pay a for business trips abroad.
parking her car on a double yellow line. 7 blame guilt innocence responsibility
b There is no for repairs on this
a The suspect protested his but
washing machine during the first year of use.
no one believed him and he was arrested.
c I haven't joined that sports club because the
b If you admit your , you will
entrance is so high.
get a reduced sentence.
d At Christmas the air from
c Checking the doors are locked is the security
here to New York is raised by about 1 5 % .
manager's
3 contract debt loan loss d She's quite brave: she took the
a They arranged a with the for her schoolfriend's action and was punished.
bank to help them start a new business.
Which of the nouns in the second box can each
b Before you sign the get it of the verbs in the first box be used with?
checked by a lawyer.
earn gain make win
c The gambler promised that when he won, he
would repay his an advantage a competition experience
a living a prize a profit
d When the businessman found his wallet was
a reward a salary
gone, he immediately reported the
to the police. How many of these nouns can be used with 'get'?

4 afford bet insure spare Which of the nouns in the second box can each
a I'm not going on holiday this year: I can't of the verbs in the first box be used with?
it. break into burgle hijack kidnap mug rob
b The film star decided to her steal
jewellery for $ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 . a bank a car a house a person a plane
c The manager can't the time
to see you: she's very busy, Fill the gaps in 1-7 with the correct
preposition.
d When I go to the races, I only
a small amount of money on the horses. for of to with

5 crime fault mistake offence 1 Civil servant Mortimer Bland was suspected
selling official secrets to the enemy.
a Murder is generally considered the most serious
2 He was arrested passing documents to a
secret agent in St James's Park.
b The foreign resident committed the
3 He was accused betraying his country.
of not reporting to the immigration police.
4 He confessed having stolen secret
c It was his own that his
ministry files.
company went bankrupt.
5 He was charged a variety of offences.
d We made the of leaving the
6 He was tried spying before the most
kitchen window open when we went out.
senior judge in the land.
6 cheated deceived lied tricked 7 He was sentenced 15 years in prison.
a I don't want to play cards with you again - you
last time.
b That actress has always about
her age.
c The old woman was by the
criminal into giving him all her savings.

76 U N I T 9 M a k i n g y o u r way
 Relationships

Friendship
Modal verbs 10 It's just possible Jerzy didn't get your message,
(might)
Rewrite these sentences using the modal verb in
Jerzy your
brackets.
message.
1 Why did you stay out so late? (should)
You .shouldn't have stayed out so late.
2 Thank you for ironing that shirt, but it wasn't Simple or progressive?
necessary. (need)
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense:
Thank you, but you present simple, present progressive, present perfect
that shirt. simple, present perfect progressive, past simple, past
3 Don't feel jealous. (ought) progressive, past perfect simple or past perfect
progressive. Make any other necessary changes.
You jealous.
1 I ..'ve been trying (try) to write this letter to
4 It's essential that you tell your friend you're sorry.
(must) John for two hours now, and I still ..haven't
You your ..finished (not finish) it.
friend you're sorry. 2 Why we (not pass)
5 I'm sure they got married in June. (must) a signpost yet? We (drive)
They in June. for 40 minutes.
6 I don't believe Charles quarrelled with Cathy. 3 You're late. I (wait)
(can't) for you all morning. What you
Charles with (do)?
Cathy. 4 Ingrid (not want)
7 When Rachel was a child, her Italian was fluent. to do anything expensive tonight. She
(could) (save up) for her
When Rachel was a child, she holiday.
Italian fluently. 5 These days Paul always (look)
8 I didn't go to the party although it was possible for as if he (laugh) at everyone.
me to go. (could) 6 We all (love)
I to the party. parties so we (look
9 Perhaps Lucia is going out with another man. forward to) the beach barbecue next weekend.
(may) 7 I (travel) round
Lucia with Europe by train when I first (meet)
another man. Kristin.

L E S S O N 1 F r i e n d s h i p 77
 8 My best friends are the ones I (get)
to know while I (study)
at university.
9 As Roger (introduce)
Tania to all his friends, Ahmed
(wonder) where he (see)
her before that night.
10 Miguel said he (feel)
lonely since he (leave)
home.

Love and marriage

People yet married for a variety of reasons.
Which of the reasons below do you think are
good? Which do you think are not so good?
for companionship
for financial security
for love
to please your parents
to escape your parents
to have children
to have a comfortable old age
to gain social respect
because you've reached the age when people marry
because all your friends are married

Read these extracts from stories about love and

marriage. For questions 1-14, choose from
extracts A-E. The extracts may be chosen more than
once.
Which extract:
- describes an unusual start to married life?
- is written by a woman who feels she was very young
when she fell in love?
- is written by a woman about her relationship with her
husband?
- is about the life of a relative of the writer?
- is about patting rather than marriage?
- is about someone who clearly loves life?
- is about a woman who met her future husband at work?
- is about a woman who hoped to change her husband by
marrying him?
- shows someone unable to express his or her real feelings?
- describes a marriage that took place for practical reasons?
- mentions that the couple fell in love at first sight?
- shows the inferior position of women in a certain society?

78 U N I T 1 0 R e l a t i o n s h i p
 What would happen What do you think of John's situation and his proposed
?
plan of action? Are there any other things he could do?
if What advice would you give him if you knew him?
MM

John has a problem with one of his friends: Listen to Gill and Steve discussing the problem. Whose
ideas do you agree with more?

L E S S O N 1 F r i e n d s h i p 79
2 Talking about what would happen if ... is

something you may have to do in Part 5 of

- the situation

- the proposed plan of action

Paper 5. Practise this now, beginning with John's - other possible actions
problem. Then discuss the other four problems here. - your advice
Talk about. Record your ideas on a blank cassette.

Listen to your ideas and think how you could

improve what you say. Then record everything
again.
If possible, compare your ideas with those of a
classmate. Do you both have the same ideas?

All in the family

A traditional family
How many people live in your house? Who is
the most important member of your
household? Why is this?

Listen to Marguerite explaining how a

traditional family in her country, Burkina
I'aso, works. What is the main topic of her
explanation?
A the jobs the different family members have to do
B the way the children are brought up
C the relationships between the different family
members

80 U N I T 1 0 R e l a t i o n s h i p
 Listen again. Decide which of statements 1-6
are TRUE and which are FALSE.
TRUE FALSE
1 The children can call more than one woman 'mother'.
2 The first wife can be called 'mother' by some of the other wives.
3 If there is a family problem, the first wife sorts it out.
4 The sisters and brothers of the husband's wives can also live in
the family compound.
5 If a grandparent lives with the family, he or she is expected to
help with the work.
6 The most important members of the family are the children.
Rewrite correctly any of the statements which you marked False.

The article
Read this text carefully and put in 'a', 'an', 'the' or nothing at all '-', as appropriate.

Verbs
Write the verbs that are related to these nouns and adjectives.
1 apology .apologise.... 8 food 1 5 persuasion 21 sharp
2 blood 9 forecast 16 proof 22 success
3 choice 10 hot 17 qualification 23 summary
4 criticism 1 1 life 18 relief 24 sympathy
5 dead 12 loss 19 sad 25 terror
6 courage 1 3 memory 20 safe 26 threat
7 joy 14 obedient

L E S S O N 2 A l l in t h e f a m i l y
 Prepositional phrases at or in?
Put the correct preposition in each gap.
Use the eight phrases in the box to make:
1 Because their families were enemies, Romeo and
Juliet got married secret.
a one pair with the same meaning.
b three pairs with the opposite meaning. 2 When we visited Grandpa in hospital we found him
sitting up happily bed.
at peace at war by yourself in general
in particular in public in private on your own 3 Her young son has made so many friends
school that he really enjoys it.
Now fill each gap with a suitable phrase from the 4 Although Anna has little common with
box. her husband, they seem to be happy together.
1 Part of growing up is learning to do things 5 'The Harvest L o a f is the best baker's
without other people's help. town.
2 When they are out they seem a 6 Grandma's not home - she's
happy family - but I happen to know that church, but she'll be back soon.
they fight a lot. 7 What's the matter with Johnny? I found him
3 She loves all her brothers and sisters tears in the garden.
her eldest brother. 8 You can see they're love - they can't
4 The way he treats his wife reveals his attitude to stop looking at each other!
women 9 My father never talks to anyone
5 Until the end of Shakespeare's tragedy Romeo and breakfast - he prefers to read his paper.
Juliet, the Montagu and Capulet families are 10 When she travels, she keeps touch with
with each other. her parents by phoning them regularly.

Bridging the generation gap

Contrast

a they looked after me as a baby. e the increase in the divorce rate. h they only met last week.
b the difference in their ages. f we may not always show it. i the unpopularity of these laws.
c they grew up together. g our house being so small. j it can have advantages.
d his consideration for her.

82 U N I T 1 0 R e l a t i o n s h i p s
 Between childhood and In conclusion, 1 think you should make the best of
adult life these years

Read this letter which was published in a

newspaper. Do you sympathise with the writer's
problem?

Yours,

Phrasal verbs
Use these phrasal verbs, in the correct form, in place
of the words in italics. Use a different phrasal verb
each time. (Be careful where you put the object of the
phrasal verb.)

Make one list of all the disadvantages of being

14, and another list of all the advantages. 1 My young son admires {.looks.upto ) his
older cousin and copies everything he does.
Write a letter in reply to CK for publication in 2 The students didn't like (............ ) the
the newspaper. Say what you think are the
new teacher at first.
main advantages and disadvantages of being 14, and
what attitude to their age you think young people 3 The children supported ( ) their
should take. The topic sentences of your letter have mother when their parents got divorced
been done for you. ( )

Dear CK, 4 Katia started crying ( ) when her

I know very well that the teenage years can be boyfriend ended ( ) their
confusing engagement.
5 We can trust ( ) Richard: he will
never disappoint ( ) his friends.
6 Marisa quarrelled ( ) with her
sister on the phone and ended the call
( ) while her sister was still
The disadvantages of being between childhood and
speaking.
adult life are obvious
7 My parents expect me to do well ( ):
I hope I can fulfil ( ' ) their
expectations.
8 Romeo was strongly attracted to ( )
Juliet the first time he saw her.
On the other hand, this can be an exciting time in a
9 I don't mind what we do on Saturday: I'll be happy
person's life
to follow ( ) your plans.
10 Sasha agreed to drive his grandparents to the
wedding, but then changed his mind
( ) at the last minute.

L E S S O N 3 B r i d g i n g t h e g e n e r a t i o n g a p 83
 The right word 5 certain confident definite determined
a He is to marry her and
Fill the gaps in a-d by using each word or
phrase in the box once only. nothing will change his mind.
b She's of passing the exam
1 anxious nervous suspicious upset
with flying colours.
a She was very when she heard
c Have you fixed a date for the
about the rock star's death and cried for days.
celebration yet?
b She became of the young
d She's to enjoy going to
man hanging around the street corner, and rang
college: she loves meeting new people.
the police.
c Some dancers are so before a 6 courage honour respect trust
performance that they are sick. a The soldier was awarded a medal for his
d Mothers usually feel when in the battle.
their children are out late in the evening. b The student felt it was a great
to be invited to her teacher's wedding.
2 aware conscious curious sympathetic
c Children feel complete in
a Do go on with your story: I'm
those that they love.
to know how it ended.
d The elderly poet is held in great
b The marriage guidance counsellor gave him a
by the whole nation.
look and encouraged him to
keep talking. 7 emotion mood sense temper
c If you were of the reason why a Waking up to sunshine and birdsong always puts
she acts like that, you would not criticise her. me in a good
d I heard a terrible story once, that someone was b Most animals have an excellent
throughout an operation but of smell.
could say nothing. c The witness looked around the courtroom without

3 alone lonely single unique

d Her boss has a very quick -
a I prefer to study if you don't
he's always shouting at her.
mind.
b He wandered round the streets of the strange 8 brought up developed grew grew up
town, feeling lost and a I in the country, but now I
c She doesn't want to get married: she's quite live in a large city.
happy b Some people refuse to accept that humans
d This example of an ancient Egyptian painting is from apes.
: no other one like it is known. c Last year my 12-year-old sister
three centimetres.
4 uncertain uneasy unlikely unwilling
d My grandparents a large
a He was to believe his friend's
happy family with very little money.
excuses, thinking that she was lying.
b She stopped how to continue In what order would these events in an
with her explanation. unhappy relationship take place?
c They are to have heard the 1 divorce 4 marry
2 get engaged 5 meet
news: they don't even have a radio.
3 get to know 6 split up
d She had an feeling that
someone was following her.

84 U N I T 1 0 R e l a t i o n s h i p s
Lesson

In Lesson 4 of Coursebook Units 6-10 you have

studied how to deal with these exam questions.
If you now feel confident about what to do in these
questions, tick the box.
Paper 1 Reading, Parts 2 and 3
(Coursebook pages 7 6 - 8 )
Paper 2 Writing, Part 2 (optional set books) Ariadne Kenji
(Coursebook page 9 1 ) I used to find the error I feel really nervous when
Paper 3 Use of English, Part 1 (multiple choice gap- correction exercise very I think about the listening
filling) difficult. I couldn't find test. If I miss the answer
(Coursebook pages 1 0 2 - 3 ) the mistakes - I took out to the first question, my
Paper 3, Use of English, Part 4 (error correction) words which were correct brain stops working and I
(Coursebook page 1 1 5 ) and left in words which don't understand
Paper 4 Listening were wrong! But now I've anything. What can I do?
(Coursebook pages 1 2 6 - 7 ) had some practice at it I
know what kind of
If you don't feel confident about any of these exam mistakes to look for, and I
questions, read the relevant Coursebook pages again. can do the exercise quite
well.
Look at what these students said about doing
these types of questions. Which students do you When you have thought about your advice for Anke
agree with? What advice could you give to Anke and and Kenji, look at the advice given at the end of the
Kenji? book. Did you have the same ideas? Do you think it is
good advice?

Read a student's attempt at the letter on

Workbook page 46. This is the kind of letter
you have to write in Paper 2, Part 1. How could the
student have improved her letter?

Vera
Reading comprehension
questions are fun,
especially the kind where
you have to fit in missing
parts of the text. It's like a
jigsaw puzzle with words.
An ke
I never seem to get any
better at doing multiple
choice gap-filling
exercises. Usually I have
to guess the answer, and I
always get half of them
wrong! How can I study
for this part of the exam?

Marcel
The set book I'm reading
is really exciting. But I
don't know whether I'll
write about it in the
exam. I'll probably decide
when I see the question
paper.

L E S S O N 4 E x a m r e v i e w 85
 U N I T E L E V E N

Free time

A good sport
A sporting life Phrasal verbs
We often agree with people by saying a similar thing
Think about answers to these questions: in different words. Match the statements (1-10) with
the appropriate sentences of agreement (a-j), which
Which arc the most popular sports in your country? all use phrasal verbs.
Why are they so popular?
Why do you think it is important to play a sport
regularly?
What sports do you think are dangerous? Why?

Listen to five people talking about different

aspects of sport. For each speaker ( 7 - 5 ) , choose
from the list A-F what he or she is doing. Use each
letter only once. There is one extra letter which you
do not need to use.

This speaker is
A giving advice about staying fit.
B expressing concern about a current
development.
C providing an example from history.
D criticising dangerous sports.
E explaining how to reach the top.
F describing some career problems.
a 'No, they're playing away.'
b 'Yes, I must make up for lost time.'
c 'No. only a few turned up.'
d 'Yes, I'll keep on doing it.'
e 'Yes, they like to show off.'
f 'No, they haven't turned out many.'
g 'Yes. let's play it hack.'
h 'No. they were knocked out quite early.'
i 'No. 1 don't feel up to it.'
j 'Yes, they shouldn't go in for them.'

86 F r e e t i m e
 Prepositional phrases Agreeing and
in or out of or under? disagreeing
Fill each gap with the correct preposition.
First, revise the language for agreeing and
1 Because of the heavy rain, the racing car went disagreeing which you learned in the Coursebook on
control on the first bend of the track, pages 2 5 and 1 32. Then listen to the nine opinions
about sport on the recording and respond to each of
2 From the opening game, the tennis champion was
them in turn, using a suitable expression.
complete control of the match.
EXAMPLE:
3 When fighting started among the football fans, the
police were quickly able to bring the situation
control.
4 The skier injured last week is now
danger and expected to leave hospital soon.
5 Each of the winners of the school races was
photographed turn for the school
magazine.
6 When the pupils were sight of the sports
teacher, they practised hard: but once they were
sight, they stopped running and sat
down for a rest.
7 Much sports equipment can be harmful to young
children and should be kept their reach.
8 Although the athlete was still breath
from the race, she spoke to the television
commentator.
9 The canoeist found herself difficulties on
the river and had to be rescued.
10 Badminton is a sport that can be played
doors as easily as indoors.

An interest in magic
Have you ever seen a
magician perform?
Do you know how they do
their tricks? What skills and
what type of personality
do you think they need? /

L E S S O N 1 A g o o d s p o r t 87
 Rend this newspaper article about a young
magician's talent for performing tricks. Choose
from the list A-l the sentence which best summarises
each paragraph (1-8). There is one extra sentence you
do not need to use.
A Not everything went right with Dominic's act.
B Dominic's first lessons in magic were at school.
C Membership of the Magic Circle is useful for
magicians, especially for those starting their
professional lives.
88
D Dominic is determined to make a career out of
his hobby.
E One of the Magic Circle members praised
Dominic's skills highly.
F One of his tricks was created by Dominic
himself.
G Dominic calmly repeated his act and performed
it brilliantly.
H Seven young people reached the difficult final
stages of the Young Magician competition.
I Dominic Wood became Young Magician of the
Year and a member of the Magic Circle.
U N I T 1 1 F r e e t i m e
 Find the word or phrase in the article which Prefixes
means:
Combine one of the prefixes in Box A with one
1 twice a year (paragraph 1):
of the words in Box B to form a new word
2 made to promise (paragraph 2 ) : which matches one of the definitions listed below (1-
3 starting (paragraph 2 ) : 16).
4 worrying (paragraph 3): A
5 destroyed (paragraph 5): co- dis- im- in- inter- mid- mis- non-
6 unaffected (paragraph 5): out- pre- re- self- sub- super- un-
under-
7 fascinated (paragraph 6):
8 stayed in the same place in the air (paragraph 7): B
active centred continental day fiction
fortune gain heat human pack paid
9 large ring (paragraph 7):
polite run satisfied standard worker
10 control of his hands (paragraph 8 ) :
1 take your things out of a suitcase .unpack
2 rude
3 selfish
'be used to doing' / 4 a story based on fact
'used to do' 5 colleague
6 happening between Europe and America
Check that 'used to' is in the correct form in these
sentences. Make any necessary corrections.
7 noon
1 Before the invention of the record player, people
8 not earning enough money
were used to make their own music at home in the
9 go faster than the other competitors in the race
evenings. Nowadays people aren't used to entertain
themselves. They use to spend most of their leisure
10 greater than the powers of an ordinary person
time watching television. In spite of the long time
spent in front of the television set, reading is an
11 not good enough
even more popular pastime than it used to be.
12 not working or moving
2 At one time women used to having less free time
13 something unlucky
than men, because they were used to do all the
14 not pleased
housework, but now many men have got used the
15 get something back again
idea of sharing the household chores.
16 allow to get hot in advance
3 Entertaining friends has always been a favourite way
of passing the time. The ancient Romans used to eat The word in capitals at the end of each of the
and drink at banquets which lasted all day and following sentences can be used to form a word
night; they probably became used to get up the next that fits suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank
in this way. Some of the words you form will have
day feeling ill!
prefixes and some won't.
4 Today many people try to keep fit. People who used
1 I won't take my car to that .unreliable
to sleep until noon at the weekend have now got
mechanic again. RELY
used to get up early so that they can run, swim or
2 As a doctor she wants to
do yoga before breakfast.
in child health. SPECIAL
5 A popular hobby is collecting things. Some people
3 'Unless you find a new umpire, I'll drop out,'
use to collect relatively cheap objects like stamps or
the tennis player shouted PATIENCE
postcards, while others use to prefer antique
4 Taking drugs led to his
furniture or vintage cars.
from the Olympic Games. QUALIFY

L E S S O N 2 H o b b i e s a n d p a s t i m e s 89
 5 Although I with you, What kind of person do you think each of A-C is? Talk
I'm afraid I can't help you. SYMPATHY
about the person's
6 Please that the electricity - age
- sex
is switched off. SURE
- character
7 The stolen necklace has belonged to my family
Which person do you think you would get on with
for 3 0 0 years, so it is PLACE
best? Why?
8 He was able to the boy
First listen to an example on the recording, which
who had taken his bicycle. IDENTITY
starts but does not finish the task.
9 In spite of her for the
job they decided to give her a chance. SUIT

10 The ducks have to be

before we can sell them. FAT

My favourite things
in life
These three charts show what three different
people chose as their favourite things in life.

Now record your own ideas on a blank cassette. Listen

to them, think how you could improve what you say
and record everything again.

What would your own chart look like? Why?

Again, record your ideas on a blank cassette,
listen and repeat.

If possible, find a classmate to repeat the tasks

in and with. (These tasks are typical of
the tasks in Part 3 of Paper 5.) Try also to practise
the conversation skills you practised in the
Coursebook on page 122.
How much do you agree or disagree with each other?
How different are your own charts?

Having a good time

The future 2 A Who (you/go) to
the St Valentine's Dance with?
Complete these dialogues using the verb in
B Actually, I (have)
brackets with 'will' or 'going to'.
a party at home that evening. Would you like to
1 A What .are you, going to do (you/do) on
come?
your birthday?
3 A Oh dear, I know there (be)
B I'm not sure yet. I think my parents ..Will take,,
a lot of mess after the party.
(take) me out to dinner.
B I (help) you clear
up, if you like.

90 U N I T 1 1 F r e e time
4 A The new Tom Hanks film is on at the Odeon The right word
cinema this week. I (see)
Fill the gaps in a-d by using each word in the
it on Saturday.
box once only.
B I didn't know it was on. I (come)
1 court field pitch ring
with you.
5 A Look at the sky. It (snow). a The primary school has a sports ,
B Then we (not where the children play different kinds of sports.
drive) home along the mountain road. b The two boxers climbed into the
and prepared to fight.
Complete these sentences using the verb in c The hotel has a private tennis
brackets. Put the verb in the present progressive
behind the gardens.
if the sentence expresses a fixed future arrangement;
put the verb in the present simple if the arrangement d The football fans cheered as the national team ran
involves an official timetable or the calendar. out on to the
1 The film ..begins (begin) at 9 . 1 5 .
2 excluded forbidden hindered prevented
2 Laura (sing) a solo at the
a In the club children under 12 are
school concert next week.
to use the billiard equipment.
3 'Firecracker' disco (open) on 1 5
b The captain was from playing
January.
in the match by a severe leg injury.
4 We (have) a barbecue on the
c Women are still from
beach tomorrow evening.
membership of that club.
5 I (play) tennis with Fabio next
d The football manager's career has not been
weekend.
by his lack of formal
6 The boat (arrive) in Rhodes at
education.
8 o'clock in the morning.
7 What time (plane/land) in 3 cancelled limited paused postponed
Berlin?
a The excursion has been due
8 I (not go) to Trevor's party on
to lack of interest.
Saturday and nor Elena.
b The match was until both
9 Raul (start) his new job in
players had recovered from flu.
March.
c The hikers to look at the map
10 We (take) my penfriend to see
of the valley.
the castle this afternoon.
d Tickets for the Cup Final are
to one pair per person.

4 admission approach entrance entry

a Let's meet at the to the
swimming pool.
b There is no to the art gallery
after 5.30 pm.
c The to the villa is through a
long avenue of trees.
d The country denies to anyone
without a visa.

L E S S O N 3 H a v i n g a g o o d t i m e 91
5 hasty prompt rapid swift knit sew stitch weave
a heartbeats and breathlessness?
Which verb could you use for the action of
It might be heart problems, but you could just be
1 putting a button back on a shirt?
unfit.
2 making a carpet?
b The river is very here: it's
3 making a jersey?
dangerous to swim.
4 mending a tear in material?
c Don't make any decisions
when buying a motorbike: take your time and
disting uish glance glimpse identify
consider the options. notice observe recognise stare
d The club secretary sent us a
reply to our membership application. Which verb could you use for the action of
1 looking quickly through a magazine?
6 agreement appointment arrangement date
a I'm going out tonight: I've got a 2 looking hard at your face in the mirror?
with Marco.
b His father has made another 3 becoming aware of someone?
to see the school rugby coach. 4 seeing for only a moment an animal running
c We have a good with our through trees?
neighbours: we use their pool and they use our 5 carefully watching a laboratory rat perform an
tennis court! experiment?
d The town council has signed a new 6 seeing the difference between two people who look
with local businesses to very similar?
develop a leisure complex. 7 knowing someone because you have seen them
before?
7 calm constant idle steady
8 using something about someone's appearance to say
a The sea was so it was like a
who they are?
sheet of glass.
b You need a very hand when Sort the words into two lists: GET LARGER and
writing with a brush like the Japanese. GET SMALLER.
c On the motorway she drove at a decrease expand extend increase lower
speed of 1 1 0 k.p.h. raise reduce shrink
d When the youth club was closed, the young
Complete sentences 1-8 with a word from your lists.
people were left and bored. Use each word once only. Make any other necessary
changes.
drag pick pump scatter swing throw 1 The factory has ..reduced its workforce

Which verb could you use for the action of from 2 , 0 0 0 to 1,500.
2 The government is about to the
voting age from 21 to 1 8 .
3 This shirt has terribly and I've
only washed it once.
4 The swimmer took a deep breath, fully
his lungs, then dived to the
bottom of the lake.
5 Visitors wishing to their visas
must make an application at the immigration office.

92 U N I T 1 1 F r e e time
6 Fortunately, the number of people finding jobs at the
moment is
7 Marriage is less popular than it used to be: the
number of people getting married has
noticeably.
8 After the hotels their prices by
50%, the number of visitors fell sharply.
Putting something right
You went to the opening of a new disco in your
town last week. Read the review of the disco.
published in a local newspaper, together with the
notes gou made disagreeing with the writer.
After writing, check that
you have included all the relevant points
you have used your own words as much as possible
you have organised your ideas clearly in paragraphs
you have written in an appropriately polite but
forceful way which will impress the editor of the
newspaper
you have begun and ended your letter in an
appropriate way
you haven't made any grammar, spelling or
punctuation mistakes

Write a letter to the editor of the newspaper,

defending the disco and explaining your point
of view. Write 120-180 words in an appropriate
style.
Remember to do a paragraph plan before you start to
write.

L E S S O N 3 H a v i n g a g o o d t i m e 93
 Improving your mind

Brain power
The -ing form of the Dreams in everyday life
verb Ask as many people as you can (at least ten) to
complete the questionnaire. If you ask your
Rewrite these sentences using the -ing form of the
classmates, ask the questions in English. But if you
verb.
ask other people, your family for example, you may
1 Nadia's favourite composer is Mozart. translate the questions into your language. Make a
Nadia prefers .listening to music by note of everybody's answers.

Mozart.
2 Don't do that intelligence test because it's pointless.
There's no that
intelligence test.
3 The lecture was so boring I fell asleep - I couldn't
help it.
I couldn't during the
boring lecture.
4 Igor denied that he had been a spy in the factory.
Igor denied in the factory.
5 Why don't we ask the director for his advice?
I suggest the director for
his advice.
6 Everybody makes mistakes sometimes.
Sometimes you can't avoid
mistakes.
7 Sabine really hates people who boast about their
cars.
Sabine can't stand about
their cars.
S If you want to ruin your life, I can't stop you.
I can't prevent your life.
9 Clara wants to continue with her business studies.
Clara wants to carry
business.
10 Joel might visit a psychiatrist.
Joel's thinking a
psychiatrist.

94 U N I T 1 2 I m p r o v i n g y o u r m i n d
 Look at all the information you have collected
and summarise it in a report called 'Dreams in
everyday life' (120-180 words).
Use some of these headings in your report:
Introduction Frequency Causes Types
Importance Conclusion
If possible, exchange reports with some
classmates. Do you all reach similar
conclusions?
Phrasal verbs
Complete each sentence by writing in the missing
part of the phrasal verb.
1 I can't work ..out. the interest on the
loan without a calculator.
2 People find it hard to take
facts if they are depressed.
3 I'll over what you have said and
let you know my decision tomorrow.
4 You won't deceive the judge because he can
through your lies.
5 Advertisers try to get the idea that
their products are the best on the market.
6 The professor ended the lecture by summing
the points she had made earlier.
7 As long as you stay calm, you'll
through all your exams easily.
8 The minister has to face to the
unpopularity of her education policy.
9 Psychologists sometimes up
against the problem of children who refuse to
speak.
10 Marilyn round the difficulty of not
new having a pen by writing her message with her
lipstick.

The happiest days of your life?

Studying abroad Listen to part of a talk Vanessa gave to some
students about her experiences of studying
What do you think are the advantages abroad. For questions 1-12 complete the notes, which
and disadvantages of studying abroad? summarise the content of her talk. Write a word or
Using the symbols in the key, mark each of short phrase in each gap.
the points below according to your point of
view. What are your reasons?
KEY
+ = advantage
- = disadvantage
? = possible advantage or disadvantage
being away from your family
living in new accommodation
meeting new people
eating different food
getting a better qualification
seeing different scenery
getting to know a different culture
going out in a different city

LESSON 1 B r a i n p o w e r 95
 'wish' / 'if only'
Some of these sentences are grammatically correct,
but others are not. Check for mistakes and make any
necessary corrections.
had done
1 They wish they did their homework last night.
2 If only I can drive to school every day.
3 I wish you would concentrate on your work.
4 If only we would have more mathematics classes
this term.
5 Jake wished he hadn't missed his music lesson.
6 Most people today wish they earn more money.
7 I wish Anita didn't keep interrupting the teacher in
yesterday's biology class.
8 Mr Blake wishes he didn't have to cancel next
week's school trip.
9 I wish you wouldn't tease the younger children.
Unwillingly to
10 If only Jola has passed all her exams when she left
school. school?
Which of these statements do you most agree
Prepositional phrases with? Which do you disagree with? Why?

by or on?
Fill each gap with the correct preposition.
1 'There's a big difference between whether you
switched my computer off accident or
purpose,' the teacher said angrily.
2 mistake the candidate wrote all her
answers in pencil, despite the instructions.
3 In the library the student found himself sitting
chance opposite the author of the book he
was reading.
4 The bookshop has run out of the textbooks, but they
have some more order.
5 While the class was studying the rocks on the beach,
a sudden storm took them surprise.
6 He doesn't enjoy his history lessons because he has
to learn so many dates heart.
Listen to Ken and Jane discussing the last
in fact in other words in some ways statement. Who do you agree with more? Why?
in the way
Express your own opinions on the statements.
Which phrase can you use to Remember to use the language and skills you
practised on page 64 of the Coursebook.
1 refer to something blocking a road or path?
2 show you want to express something in a different Record your opinions on a blank cassette. Listen to
(usually simpler) way? them and think how you could improve what you say.
3 emphasise that something really is true? Then record everything again.
4 suggest that something is partly true? If possible, compare your opinions with those of a
classmate. Do you have the same opinions?

96 U N I T 1 2 I m p r o v i n g y o u r mind
 Great exhibitions
Word linking Each of the ten missing words is linked to the
word before it by sound. In each case, which of
Are the museums in your country free, or do the six ways of linking words by sound shown in the
you have to pay to visit them? Do you think Coursebook on page 151 is used?
museums should be Jree, or that people should have
to pay to get in? Practise repeating what Mark said, paying
special attention to your word linking. Copy as
closely as you can the sounds you hear. If possible,
record yourself and listen to yourself speaking. How
close is your version to Mark's?

Comparatives and
superlatives (revision)
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.
Do not change the word given. You must use between
two and five words, including the word given.
1 There isn't a more famous wax museum than
Madame Tussaud's.
famous
Madame Tussaud's ..is.the most famous
wax museum in the world.
2 I don't find paintings as interesting as sculpture,
interested
I am paintings.
3 You won't see a better collection of ancient Greek
art than in the National Archaeological Museum in
Athens.
place
The National Archaeological Museum in Athens
to see ancient
Greek art.
'I think that museums that (1) 4 Ms Clark is a better teacher than Professor Collins.
concerned with national culture should be free for teach
(2) the people of that nation. Such Professor Collins doesn't
museums are (3) part of the Ms Clark.
national heritage, and so should be (4) , 5 We won't want to be as long in the museum as in
without charge, to (5) If, on the the castle.
(6) hand, it's a specialist spend
(7) of museum, one that's We'll want in the
(8) interest to only a few, then I museum than in the castle.
suppose it's ( 9 ) right if people 6 The old art gallery is half the size of the new one.
(10) to pay to get in.' big
The new art gallery is
Listen to what Mark said and fill in the ten missing
words. the old one.

LESSON 3 G r e a t e x h i b i t i o n s 97
 7 Other security systems are more difficult to operate
than this museum's.
least
Compared with other museums, this museum's
security system to
operate.
8 Other jade collections aren't nearly as valuable as
the one in the National Palace Museum in Taipei,
much
The jade collection in the National Palace Museum
in Taipei others.
9 Brian was the most badly behaved child on the trip
to the Science Museum.
behaved
All the children behaved badly on the trip to the
Science Museum, but
of all.
10 My opinion of the art exhibition is different from
yours.
same
My opinion of the art exhibition
yours.

About a million dollars'

worth
In what ways do museums need to protect their
exhibits? How can they do this? Has there been
a recent news story of a theft of an exhibit from a
museum, or any other damage caused to an exhibit?

In this extract from a thriller, the main

character, Arthur, is being involved in a plot to
steal exhibits from the Treasury of Topkapi Palace,
Istanbul (the palace of the Sultans of the old
Ottoman Empire, and now a famous museum). Read
the extract quickly. Which exhibits are they plotting
to steal?

Eight sentences have been removed from the

extract. Choose from the sentences A-I the one
which fits each gap (1-8). There is one extra sentence
which you do not need to use.

* = another name (used by foreigners) for the palace

The book from which this extract comes was made into a successful
film called 'Topkapi', starring Peter Ustinov and Melina Mercouri.
Try to see it if you can!

98 U N I T 1 2 I m p r o v i n g y o u r mind
 The right word
Fill the gaps in a-d by using each word in the
box once only.
1 certificate degree grade mark
a He didn't lose one in the
grammar test: he's obviously remembered
everything!
b At the end of the computer training course, every
participant was given a of
attendance.
c To get into that university you need to get a
A in all your subjects.
d Even though I have a university
I still can't get a job.

2 enrolled entered qualified sat

a She as a doctor just before her
thirtieth birthday.
b I've just on a course in mime
and dance at the local college.
c In the old days no one
university without a knowledge of Latin.
d When I was a student, we our
first important exams at the end of the second
year.

3 career post profession task

a She's just taken up the of
head teacher at the new school.
b A computer would make the
of checking the accounts much easier.
c She's a surgeon by
d He's written a book on the political
of Nelson Mandela.

4 neglected obtained possessed preserved

a The university museum has just
a set of early microscopes - shall we go and see
them?
b The retiring professor all the
qualities necessary to run a university
department.
c This museum is very ;
everything is covered in dust and there are no
Draw in pencil on your map the route the
explanations of the exhibits.
plotters will take to the roof of the Treasury
museum. The start has been done for you. d The old palace has been as a
conference and exhibition centre.

L E S S O N 3 : G r e a t e x h i b i t i o n s 99
5 referred refused reserved restored Fill each gap in the story with a suitable word
from the box.
a She to go to university and
went to drama school instead. arranged associated classified collected
gathered organised sorted
b In his essay he to the
problems faced by the government after the war. First the entomologist went to the jungle and
c I've the book at the library: (1) a large range of insects. Then
she returned to the museum where she
I'll get it as soon as it comes in.
(2) them into different groups.
d Many people think these treasures should be Then she (3) them carefully, by
to their original owners, not species and sub-species. Finally she (4)
kept in a foreign museum. them beautifully in a display case.

6 actually currently immediately presently

a He phoned us he got the
results of his test.
b The head teacher will be here :
would you like a coffee while you're waiting?
c No one knows in which
period this statue was carved.
d The association of psychologists is
holding its annual meeting in Berlin.

compare consider contrast doubt grasp

realise reason wonder

Which verb could you use for the process of

100 U N I T 1 2 I m p r o v i n g your mind

 Science and technology

Computers
Microscopic machines
Which scientific developments taking place
today do you find it difficult to believe in?

Read this newspaper article about an

extraordinary scientific development and
choose the most suitable heading from the list
A-] for each part (1-9) of the article. There is one
extra heading which you do not need to use.

A Arranging the atoms

B Making diamonds
C Dream of building anything we like
D Dreams of a perfect future
E Is it a good idea?
F Process like that in nature
G Drexler's process
H How small is 'small'?
I Tiny builders
J Incredible idea on the way to reality?

L E S S O N 1 C o m p u t e r s 101
 Find the word or phrase in the article which 6 I learnt about fixing electrical gadgets from my
means: mother.
how
My mother
electrical gadgets.
7 I think you ought to take that faulty hair drier
back to the shop.
better
You that faulty
hair drier back to the shop.
8 I can't possibly follow the instructions for this video
recorder without help.
impossible
The instructions for this video recorder
without help.
The infinitive
9 It looked as if Jordi had reached the end of the
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar computer game.
meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. have
Do not change the word given. You must use between
Jordi seemed the
two and five words, including the word given.
end of the computer game.
1 The boss wants the latest software for this
10 I think Giulia is waiting for someone,
computer.
appears
intends
Giulia for
The boss .. intends to, get the latest
someone.
software for this computer.
2 In spite of the heat, the air-conditioner kept us
cool. Phrasal verbs
managed
Write an appropriate phrasal verb from the box, in
We cool thanks to the correct form, in each gap. Use each verb only
the air-conditioner. once.
3 There's not much chance the technician will mend break down bring off check up on cool down
the fault today. plug in run down set back switch off take in
unlikely take over write up
The technician the 1 The photocopier has .broken.down but
fault today. I don't know what's wrong with it.
4 Pilar has phoned the electrician because her 2 I can hardly hear this radio - the batteries must be
washing machine is broken.
ask 3 My father was promoted when the computer
Pilar has phoned the electrician company he works for was
repair her washing machine. by an American organisation.
5 The children are allowed to play with my computer 4 the machine and let it
at weekends. before you try to repair it.
let 5 The laboratory supervisor asked me questions
I with my about your scientific experiments - I think she
computer at weekends. wants to you.

102 U N I T 1 3 S c i e n c e a n d t e c h n o l o g y
 6 Ms Jarvis does good research work, but she's slow Revision exercise
at her reports
The word in capitals at the end of each of the
afterwards.
following sentences can be used to form a word that
7 Could you fill the electric kettle and then fits suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank in
it this way.
over there? 1 The files were lost because of the secretary's
8 The technician pretended he knew all about central laziness LAZY

heating systems, but he didn't 2 Some people are by any

me form of technology. TERROR
9 Gail was very proud of the deal she 3 My mother wants me to have this photograph
with the computer LARGE
software company. 4 After a night on the train
10 The financial cuts have temporarily he didn't feel like sightseeing. SLEEP
research at this 5 Answer the detective's questions
laboratory. and no one will harm you. TRUTH

6 Who is the of this

wonderful work of art? CREATE

7 The policy is and so

will cost the government a lot of money. ECONOMY

8 My cat has green eyes and a long

tail. FUR
9 Slavery is the opposite of FREE

10 The athlete decided to

aim for three gold medals. AMBITION

In space
The future 7 When Roy and Jenny will graduate they are hoping
to get jobs with NASA.
Look carefully at the way future ideas are expressed
8 Olga hopes she will be lead a space mission in the
in these sentences. Make any necessary corrections to
the verb forms. next few years.
will 9 The Americans are going to send a camera deeper
1 By the year 2 0 5 0 , space trave^have become into space than ever before to see what pictures it
commonplace. will have send back.
2 Who knows where we will taking our holidays in a 10 Many science fiction ideas bound to become fact
few years' time? before the decade is over.
3 Will passengers in a rocket suffer from travel
sickness?
4 You can't become an astronaut until you will have
got a space school diploma.
5 Many countries are unlikely have enough money to
compete in the space race.
6 I'll have finished this book about the first moon
landing by tomorrow, and then you can borrow it.

L E S S O N 1 C o m p u t e r s 103
 Reported speech 9 'Would you mind recording the programme about
life on other planets?' Nigel asked Gail,
(revision)
to
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar Nigel the
meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.
programme about life on other planets.
Do not change the word given. You must use between
two and five words, including the word given. 10 'Whatever you do. don't have a heavy meal before
take-off,' Chris said to Phil,
1 'I may study aeronautics next year, Peter,' said
warned
Carmen.
Chris a heavy meal
told
before take-off.
Carmen .told...Peter she might study
aeronautics the following year.
2 'Have you ever seen a comet. Marie?' asked Sam. Prepositional phrases
she
Sam asked Marie a at hand by hand on the one hand
on the other hand
comet.
3 'Which planets are you going to explore next?' Which phrase can you use to
asked the reporter. 1 contrast with 'by machine'?
they 2 introduce a first point in a discussion?
The reporter asked 3 introduce a second contrasting point?
4 refer to something nearby?
to explore next.
4 'Before joining the space programme, I was in the
in advance in future in the future by far
airforce,' said the astronaut.
said Which phrase can you use
The astronaut in 1 to refer to a time (near or distant) after now?
the airforce before joining the space programme. 2 when you are criticising someone and want things
to be different from now on?
5 'Do you think I should tell anybody about seeing a
3 to emphasise a comparison?
UFO. Will?' asked Anna. 4 to mean 'before an event in the future'?
he
Anna asked Will
tell anybody about seeing a UFO.
6 'Next July I will be looking down on Earth from a 1 the most exciting
space station,' said the trainee astronaut. development in space research, for me, is the
he possibility of being able to holiday in space.
The trainee astronaut said that the following July 2 We can have no real idea of what scientists
down on Earth exploring space will find
from a space station. 3 But we can confidently predict that a whole new
7 'Fasten your safety belts, everyone, because we are way of life is
about to take off,' announced the pilot. 4 I approve of space
told research; I worry about
The pilot their the amount of money it costs.
safety belts because they were about to take off. 5 Although machines can perform many tasks in
8 'Why don't you read my book about the Hubble space, some jobs still need to be done
telescope?" said Marieke to Frank.
suggested
Marieke her book
about the Hubble telescope.

704 U N I T 1 3 S c i e n c e a n d technology
6 ' ,' said the chemistry Talk about some of your plans, ambitions and
teacher, 'no one may leave the laboratory until every dreams, using your ideas in the chart. First
listen to an example on the recording.
piece of equipment has been tidied away.'
7 The special exhibition at the Science Museum is so
popular that it's best to book your tickets

Looking to the future

What are your plans, ambitions and dreams
for the future? Make quick notes of what you
plan, hope and dream will be happening in some of
the following areas in the future.

Next year In ... years' time

Personal:
work
pleasure
family Now record your own ideas on a blank cassette. Listen
to them, think how you could improve what you say
friends and record everything again.
romance
Look at the following list of common
Public: ambitions. Which for you is the most
my country important? Which is the least important? Why?
I'd like to be
world
famous
happy
healthy
loved
rich
successful
Record your ideas on a blank cassette. Then listen,
think and rerecord.

If possible, find a classmate to tell your plans,

ambitions and dreams to. Try to use the
conversation skills you practised in the Coursebook
on page 151.
Do you have the same ideas about the future? Who do
you think is more likely to see their dreams come true?

L E S S O N 2 In s p a c e 105
 Mind over matter
6 All the chemists studied the contents of each test
Watch out! tube carefully when the result of every experiment
was different.
In which of the following activities do you
think an understanding of science and
technology could be useful? Tick the box(es) and list
your ideas.

Listen to five women being interviewed about

aspects of science and technology in their lives.
For each speaker (1-5), choose from the list A-F the
main point she is making. Use each letter only once.
There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.
This speaker is talking about the
need to
A have a love and knowledge of science.
B take great care in what she does.
C be more aware of what she is doing.
D have lots of practice in this kind of work.
E have a positive attitude in her work.
F take decisive action to improve a situation.
7 In the next decade, there are likely to be several
important discoveries in most of the scientific fields.
8 A lots of time is spent checking every component
before all rockets are launched.
9 No technician looked at either the two faulty
computers.
10 None students did well in both mathematics papers,
though some did excellently in one.

Quantity The right word

Check that these sentences are grammatically correct. Fill the gaps in a-d by using each word in the
Make any necessary corrections. box once only.
many
1 burst cracked leaked stretched
1 There are much unknown creatures in the depths
of the ocean. a At the end of the party the children
2 Some people believe there is a monster in Loch all the balloons they could
Ness, while other disagree. reach with pins.
3 Like most people, I have experienced few strange b The elastic on these pants has been so
coincidences, but not many. that I can't wear them any
4 European scientists have few knowledge of more.
nanotechnology. c There's very little water left: the bottle has
5 Both Evans and Parker wanted to go on the space all over the car floor.
walk, but the commander didn't want neither of d The glass when she poured
them to do it. the boiling water into it.

106 U N I T 1 3 S c i e n c e a n d t e c h n o l o g y
2 calculated estimated measured numbered 6 operate perform proceed run

a The car mechanic the cost of a Computers can a large

the repairs and wrote out a bill. number of tasks in a very short time.
b She the pages of her essay b I don't know how to this
before handing it in. photocopier - can you show me?
c The teacher watched while the pupils c My laptop computer can
the diameter of the circle with either on batteries or from the mains.
their rulers. d That signal means the computer is ready to
d The country is to spend about with printing.
$25 million a year on military research.
7 established installed purchased traded
3 combined connected consisted contained a Computers have been in every
a The atmosphere in America's Skylab Spacecraft classroom in the school.
7 5 % oxygen and 2 5 % b The company has recently a
nitrogen. skyscraper in Dallas and various other properties.
b The first space food for astronauts c The most outgoing student quickly
of baby food. his position as team-leader.
c For lift-off the satellite is to a d Before going bankrupt, the company
rocket, which later falls away, in many countries in Asia.
d The students various
8 served stocked stored supplied
chemicals to produce a small explosion in the
chemistry lab. a Some of the equipment you
us with was faulty: I trust you'll replace it.
4 dissolved divided included involved b Engine parts are at the back
a The young pupils watched as the salt of the warehouse,
in water and the sand c The shop which has just closed was the only one
remained. in town which typewriter
b The teacher the class into two ribbons.
groups and gave each something to do. d After leaving school he first in
c In her essay, she a section on a shop, before setting up his own business.
the theory of evolution.
9 appealed begged prayed requested
d Many industries are in the
manufacture of satellites. a Visitors to the Control Room are
not to take photographs.
5 accurate correct exact sharp b The children to be allowed to
a In the test, most students gave the look inside the spaceship.
answer. c The university science department
b The first witness gave the most to the Government to give it
account of what had happened. more money for research.
c The street-vendors sell watches which are d When her husband was seriously injured in the
copies of famous makes. explosion, she that he would
d Come to my office at ten o'clock survive.

LESSON 3 M i n d o v e r m a t t e r 107
 Match each of these pairs of verbs to the
correct alternative.
1 discover a new product
invent the cause of cancer
2 experiment with genetic codes
research into the history of science
3 examine a particular area to study
select a blood sample under a microscope
4 analyse a letter for mistakes
check the results of research

A letter to a friend
Read the following, which is part of a letter
you have received from an English friend.

Write a letter in reply to your friend (120-180

words). Tell your friend your opinion of
fortune-telling and what you think he or she should
do.
Remember to
start and end your letter in an appropriate way.
organise your ideas in paragraphs (make a
paragraph plan).
write in an appropriate, informal way.
check what you have written.

108 U N I T 1 3 S c i e n c e an d t e c h n o l o g y
 The world around us

The environment
Passive (revision)
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.
Do not change the word given. You must use between
two and five words, including the word given.
1 Some people think our environment is in danger,
thought
Our environment is thought to be
in danger.
2 They believe chemicals have poisoned our rivers,
believed
Our rivers
"Oh well, life goes on. . . "
poisoned by chemicals.
3 They hope that governments will take action before
7 When you go on a picnic, take your litter home
it is too late.
with you.
hoped
should
It that
Picnic litter
governments will take action before it is too late.
home with you.
4 Logging companies are cutting down the rainforest
8 Many people still don't regularly recycle paper,
in South East Asia.
bottles and tins.
cut
by
The rainforest in South East Asia
Paper, bottles and tins still
down by logging companies.
many people.
5 Gold prospectors have destroyed large areas of
9 Thoughtless rubbish dumping will eventually ruin
South American rainforest.
the landscape.
by
by
Large areas of South American rainforest
The landscape
gold
thoughtless rubbish dumping.
prospectors.
10 When early humans were cooking and eating their
6 Can ordinary people save the planet?
meals, they just left the rubbish on one side.
planet
being
Can by
When meals
ordinary people?
by early humans, the rubbish was just left on one
side.

L E S S O N 1 T h e e n v i r o n m e n t 109
11 Archaeologists dug up some of this rubbish
thousands of years later.
archaeologists
Some of this rubbish
thousands of years later.
12 The Romans threw various unwanted objects out of
their villas and military camps.
out
Various unwanted objects
Roman villas and military
camps.
1 3 Archaeologists discovered later inhabitants had
built houses on top of Roman rubbish dumps,
by
Archaeologists discovered houses
later inhabitants on top of
Roman rubbish dumps.
14 What will future generations learn about us from
our rubbish?
will
What about
us from our rubbish by future generations?

Back from extinction

Which of these statements is closest to your
own point of view? What are your reasons? Can
you support your ideas with examples?

Read this newspaper article about wolves in

North America. Five paragraphs have been
removed from the article. Choose from paragraphs
A-F the one which fits each gap ( 1 - 5 ) . There is one
extra paragraph which you do not need to use.

110 U N I T 1 4 T h e w o r l d a r o u n d us
 Looking at both sides
You recently listened to a radio discussion on
this topic:
Should we have stricter laws to prevent ordinary people
from causing pollution?
Here are some of the views that were expressed. How
far do you agree or disagree with each opinion? Why?

Write a letter (120-180 words) to the presenter

of the radio programme giving your views on
the topic.
First write a paragraph plan. Make sure you look at
both sides of the problem and organise your ideas
clearly.

L E S S O N 1 T h e e n v i r o n m e n t 111
 Animal life
The -ing form or the Phrasal verbs
infinitive (revision)
Check that the -ing form and the infinitive (with and Find the odd one out. Which object in each group
without 'to') have been used correctly in this text. does not go with the phrasal verb?
Make any necessary corrections. You should find 18
1 the cat You put out the cat at night.
mistakes. The first one has been corrected for you.
a fire You put out a fire with water.
put out
your hand You put out your hand to
a party shake someone else's.
2 weight
a coat
put on
an idea
a tape
3 the price
guests
put up
rain
a notice
4 a meeting
Animal rescue a bus
put off
When a dam in French Guyana made the river someone buying an old car
Sinnamary to burst its banks, the water started someone playing chess
flooding the rainforest. Forest animals were forced 5 space
escaping into the trees. Conservationists helplessly scuba diving
take up
trouble
watched the water level to rise. When it threatened
an offer
covering even the trees, the French government and
new information
the company responsible for build the dam agreed
the teacher
provide money for a rescue. A team of 40 French vets take in
a jacket
tried saving as many animals as possible. They used an opportunity
speedboats chasing the animals and darts to make 7 your hand
them temporarily unconscious. In all, they managed a promise
hold up
rescue 5 , 0 0 0 creatures. Animals that were unable to the traffic
a bank
climb trees, such as rodents, were saved first. They
were so happy getting away from the water they didn't S hunger
a form
mind to be handled by the vets. Monkeys were more fill in
time
difficult capture: although most monkeys can't stand a crack
get wet, these ones preferred drowning to travelling in
a language
a boat with a vet. The vets couldn't prevent some a friend
pick up
monkeys from fall into the river and then they had to the receiver
swim after them. Sloths were equally uncooperative. a journey
They wouldn't let the vets to carry them down the 10 a story
trees without be anaesthetised first. The animals were lunch
make up
later released into the safety of French Guyana's first your face
your mind
national park. They seem to enjoy to live in their new
home. But do they remember running for their lives
from the advancing water? And do they regret being
made leave their old surroundings?

112 U N I T 1 4 T h e w o r l d a r o u n d us
 Family animals What solution(s) would you recommend to Paul and
his mother?
Can you solve this problem?

Paul and his mother have just moved to a new first-

floor flat. Paul is crazy about animals: he has several
tropical fish, three white mice, two songbirds and a
rabbit. His mother has a cat, which is the only animal
she really likes. Where can all the animals live?
Look at the floor-plan of the new flat and think about
what sort of conditions the animals need to live in.

Record your ideas on a blank cassette. Listen to

them and think how you could improve what
you say. Then record everything again.

Answer these questions as fully as you can:

Do you have any pets at home?

Do you think it is good for children to grow up with
pets?
Which animals do you think make the best pets?
Which animals are unsuitable as pets?
What problems can pets cause?
Record your answers on a blank cassette, listen to them
and record again.

Do you both have similar solutions to the problem? Do

you have similar or different opinions about pets?

Revision exercise
Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of
each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line.

The Elephant Princess

Catching wild elephants is (1) .dangerous work and Parbati Barua is DANGER

the only woman in the world who is (2) at it. Before she SKILL
could walk (3) her father, tin Indian Rajah, gave her an PROPER
elephant to ride. When the Rajah lost his money and (4) , he POSSESS
and Parbati took up catching wild elephants (5) , taming PROFESSION
and offering them for ( 6 ) However, the survival of the SELL
wild elephant is (7) in India. The forest is being cut THREAT
down to grow tea. The wild elephants become (8) when the CONFUSE
building of a village makes their usual path (9) and they RECOGNISE
can damage crops and houses and even kill ( 1 0 ) Parbati's VILLAGE
job now is ( 1 1 ) guiding lost elephants back to the jungle PATIENCE
before they do any harm.

LESSON 2 A n i m a l l i f e 113
 Concrete jungle
Impersonal 'It' The right word
Write sentences putting the words in brackets in Fill the gaps in a-d by using each word in the
normal sentence order. box once only.
l dirt litter pollution waste
a Air is a major worry for city-
living parents.
b Don't drop paper in the streets: take your
home with you.
c The local paper factory used to pump its
straight into the river.
d Take your shoes off: I don't want any
in the house!

2 barked grunted hissed squeaked

a The dog when it heard
strange footsteps approaching the house.
b The pigs happily as they
searched for food under the trees.
c The mouse with fear as the
cat jumped on it.
d The snake a warning as the
curious child came too close.

3 exploiting interfering misleading mistreating

a Many scientists now believe human activities are
seriously with the environment.
b She gets very upset when she sees people
animals.
c The landowner tried the
journalists by showing them only the untouched
part of his forest.
d There are ways of forests
without destroying them.

4 obey oblige omit owe

a If you buy a dog, you'll have to train it to
your commands.
b We borrowed money to buy that horse. Now we
the bank 5 , 0 0 0 .
c Company reports usually
unpleasant information, such as the damage they
cause the environment.
d The Government plans to
companies to clean up any pollution they cause.

114 U N I T 14 The world around us

5 dared relied risked upheld
a He his life trying to protect
Listen to Peter telling an unusual story about
the deer from the hunters. his first experience of being away from home.
b Only the experienced snake-hunter What is the best title for his story?
to follow the python into the A Living in an old college
cave. B Seeing a ghost
c The scientists on the local C A tragic marriage
people to show them where the gorillas lived.
Listen again and choose the best answer (A, B
d After international criticism, the government or C) for questions 1-6. Before listening, look at
the law and stopped the trade the historical note below.
in endangered species. 1 The speaker saw the ghost when he was
living in college accommodation.
6 depend ensure guarantee undertake B staying overnight in a castle.
a The villagers on this well for C sleeping in a converted hotel.
2 What did he first notice when he woke up?
their water.
A the time
b They they will replace the B the temperature
machine if it breaks down in the first year of use. C a noise
c The department can only 3 What was the ghost doing when he saw it?
A bending over him
projects when there are enough funds,
B sitting by the door
d The government must that C resting motionless
people are not harmed by the effects of its nuclear 4 How did he react?
tests. A He didn't understand what was happening.
B He was too frightened to move.
C He watched the ghost.
cuddle hug pat scrape slap smack
5 How did the ghost leave the room?
squeeze stroke
A It rose through the ceiling.
B It moved through the door.
Which of these actions are normally performed with
C It suddenly vanished.
1 the palm of the hand? 6 According to the speaker, the ghost belonged to a
2 the arms? woman who had been
3 an instrument (e.g. a knife)? A murdered for changing her religion.
B cruelly punished by her family.
Which are friendly? C married to a violent husband.

Historical note:
In the early 1 5 3 0 s King Henry VIII of England and his
parliament decided to break the power of the Catholic church
and of its head, the Pope in Rome, over religious and political
life in England. Henry became Head of the Church of England
(= the Anglican church). At the same time, most Catholic
monasteries were closed down (= the Dissolution of the
Monasteries).

L E S S O N 3 C o n c r e t e j u n g l e 115
 Culture and tradition

Traditional stories
Once upon a time
What stories did you most enjoy reading, or
watching (on television or video or in the
cinema) as a child? Why? Were any of these stories
traditional stories, either from your country or from
another part of the world?

You are going to read some texts to do with

traditional stories. For questions 1-16 choose
from the texts A-E. The texts may be chosen more
than once. Try to do this exercise in no more than 15
minutes.
Which text is a complete story?
Which text is an extract from:
- the back cover of a book?
- a theatre programme?
- a story for children?
- the introduction to a story for children?
Which story involves:
- two sisters with different personalities?
- two characters who fall in love at first
sight?
- an old woman who is good to people
who are nice to her?
Which story includes:
- an animal that helps a human character?
- a magic piece of clothing?
Which story deals with the theme of:
- the end of a kingdom?
- the evil powers of one of the characters?
- the punishment of a bad character?
- murder and theft?
- an ordinary person in search of an
extraordinary reward?

116 C u l t u r e a n d t r a d i t i o n
 B

L E S S O N 1 T r a d i t i o n a l s t o r i e s 117
 Revision of tenses
Check that the appropriate tenses have been used in
the parts of the sentences which are in italics. Make
any necessary corrections.
was
1 Snow White's mother died when she has been a baby.
2 You can't speak to the Princess. She still sleeps. She
sleeps for a long time now. The wicked witch made her
fall asleep 93 years ago because no one had invited her
to the Princess's christening party. We wait for a
Prince to come to wake her up.
3 The Prince didn't see the beautiful goose girl again,
although lie returned many times to the place where he
has first met her.
4 I live in Germany, but I'm coming from Austria. This
is the first time I'd ever been to Canada. By the time I
go home I hope I will take photos of all parts of the
country. When I'll be back in Germany, I'll have an
exhibition of my photos.
5 Don't sit in the driver's seat, Rob. I drive this
evening. I was going to let you drive but you have too
much to drink.
6 I'm afraid you're too late to see Dr Takis. He just
leaves the clinic. He used to see patients at this time,
but he doesn't any more. He'll be attending a meeting
all tomorrow morning, so come back tomorrow
afternoon.
7 Have you heard the news about the old theatre?
They're going to pull it down. I've seen it in the
newspaper yesterday. I think of making a protest! I
know nobody is going there now, but it was used to
being very popular. We would go at least once a month
when we were children.
8 The ambulance arrived at the scene of this
accident ten minutes ago. Police Constable Reid is
here for half an hour. He followed the lorry when it
was crashing into the bridge. There wasn't such a
serious accident on this road before.
9 f received an electric shock when I was switching on
the bathroom light. It's time we have that switch
mended. 1 might have been killed!
10 Jake is an irritating child. I'd rather he doesn't eat
chocolate in bed, and I wish he wouldn't leave his dirty
clothes on the floor. If his manners don't improve, I
don't invite him to stay again.
11 Sam came across his grandmother's diary when he
had been looking in the attic for some old photographs.
The diary must be written when his grandmother was
a teenager. On the first page, Sam read that she was
given the diary by her brother on her fifteenth birthday.
12 Our school celebrates its one hundredth
anniversary next year. There's going to be a big party
which several famous old students will attend. We
won't know exactly who is coming until we will have
received replies to the invitations.

Phrasal verbs (revision)

Match each sentence with the most appropriate response.
a She's already found them.
b She's a good detective.
c She'll take good care of them.
a Well done!
b Cheer up!
c You're lucky!
a Not very well.
b It's not for amateurs.
c It's fresh today.
a Is he always ungrateful?
b Does he always come unexpectedly?
c Is he always unlucky?

118 U N I T 1 5 C u l t u r e a n d t r a d i t i o n
 a Don't worry.
b You'll need more staff.
c Have a good trip.
a I'm sorry.
b It's nothing.
c Thank you.
a Was her opponent stronger?
b Can't she keep a secret?
c Because of her eyesight?
a I've told you everything.
b I'm too tired.
c I'll go more slowly.

Art and culture

The arts
When did you last go to any of the following?

an art gallery
a concert
a film
the theatre
What did you see or hear? Did you enjoy it?

Listen to these five short pieces about the arts.

Choose the correct answer, A, B or C, for each
question.
1 You switch on the radio and hear a man talking.
What is his profession?
art historian
B children's book illustrator
C psychologist
2 You ring an arts centre and hear part of a pre- 3 Listen to part of a talk about special buildings in
recorded message about an exhibition. Who would it which music is played. What gives the music its
interest most? wonderful sound?
A someone interested in Asian arts A the absence of walls
B someone working in the fashion business B the material of the floor
C someone researching African political history C the shape of the roof
4 At the station, you overhear a woman talking on the
phone. Who is she phoning?
A a ticket office
B her boyfriend
C her boss
5 Listen to someone talking about a season of films
shown in an arts cinema. How does she feel?
A surprised at the choice of films
B entertained by the films
C uncertain what to think

L E S S O N 1 T r a d i t i o n a l s t o r i e s 119
 Conditional sentences 8 The archaeologists only found Tutankhamen's

(revision) tomb because they had a good idea where to look.

if
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar The archaeologists wouldn't have found
meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.
Tutankhamen's tomb
Do not change the word given. You must use between
two and five words, including the word given. a good idea where to look.
9 These paintings are so expensive only because the
1 It's impossible for you to paint as well as Picasso,
artist is dead!
try
However ..hard you t r y you'II never cost
These paintings if
paint as well as Picasso.
the artist were still alive!
2 Gaby will go to art school even if her parents don't
10 Did Van Gogh's mental illness enable him to paint
want her to.
such impressive pictures?
say
he
Whatever , Gaby
If Van Gogh hadn't been mentally ill,
will go to art school.
such impressive pictures?
3 Malcolm goes to the Museum of Modern Art as
11 Only daily practice will help Regina play the
often as possible.
clarinet better.
whenever
unless
Malcolm goes to the Museum of Modern Art
Regina won't play the clarinet better
free.
day.
4 These paintings cannot be exhibited in the
12 Our national costume looks old-fashioned, so we
restaurant without the manager's permission.
don't wear it very often.
provided
if
The restaurant will exhibit these paintings
We'd wear our national costume more often
her permission.
so old-fashioned.
5 What would you say to the news that your old
1 3 Don't miss the opportunity of tasting Brazilian
teapot was a valuable antique?
feijoada.
I
chance
Suppose your old
If you Brazilian
teapot was a valuable antique, what would you
feijoada.
say?
14 I'm sorry Jane Austen only wrote a few novels,
6 This ancient Egyptian necklace may only be tried
wish
on with care.
I more novels.
careful
15 I regret not knowing more about traditional
As you may try
Chinese medicine.
on this ancient Egyptian necklace.
only
7 You should have that stamp collection valued by an
If more about
expert.
traditional Chinese medicine.
I
16 Please don't do your violin practice while I'm
If I that stamp
studying.
collection valued by an expert.
wish
I your violin
practice while I'm studying.

120 U N I T 1 5 C u l t u r e a n d t r a d i t i o n
 Making a complaint
You recently went to some performances at an
international drama festival. You enjoyed the
plays but you thought the festival could have been
better organised. Read the advertisement below,
together with your notes. What disappointed you
about the festival?
Write a letter (120-180 words) to the festival
organisers telling them about your feelings.
Remember to do a paragraph plan before you start to
write.
After writiny, check that
you have included all the relevant points.
you have organised your ideas clearly in paragraphs.
you have written in an appropriately polite but
forceful way which will impress the organisers of the
festival.
you have begun and ended your letter in an
appropriate way.
you haven't made any grammar, spelling or
punctuation mistakes.

Family celebrations
Compare and contrast the two photos, saying
how you feel about these different types of
family celebration.
Record your ideas on a blank cassette
(remembering to keep speaking
for one minute). Listen to them
and think how you could improve
what you say. Then record
everything again.

LESSON 2 Art a n d c u l t u r e 121

 There are many speeial things families ean do 5 Like all dancers, he himself
for important family celebrations. For example, better through movement than in words.
they can:
6 The architect an interesting
send invitations
exterior staircase for the new block.
invite family and close friends only
invite as many people as they know 7 For the World Fair the builders a
wear new clothes tower with a revolving garden on top.
provide flowers 8 The sculptor first the figure
provide food and drink
roughly in clay before working carefully on the arms
play music
give presents and head.
send letters or cards
pay visits Fill the gaps in a-d by using each word or
phrase in the box once only.
Use some of these ideas to tell a story about a recent
important celebration in your family. Record your story, 1 figure form shape size
listen to it, then record it again. a The of the painting is 2
If possible, find a classmate to tell your story to. Who metres by 3.
has the more unusual story to tell? b His new sculpture is roughly rectangular in

The right word c Watercolour is my favourite of

painting.
Fill the gap in each description of a pair of d The most skilful part of this drawing is the
opposites with the correct word.
of the seated woman.
hard rough stiff tough
2 applauded boasted congratulated praised
a The Sultan Shahrazad for her
skill in keeping him interested in her stories,
b His friends him on passing all
the tests the King set him.
c The giant that he was
stronger than any of his rivals,
d At the end of the performance the audience
loudly.

3 appeared assisted attended were present

a All the guests who the
Fill the gaps in 1-H by using each word in the christening brought presents.
box once only. b All the King's relatives at the
constructed designed drew expressed party, except for one old witch.
represented shaped sketched wrote c When Aladdin rubbed the lamp a strange figure

1 My young brother pictures

d The Princess's friends her in
before he was able to form letters.
dressing for her wedding.
2 The painter quickly the scene in
pencil before returning to her studio to paint it. 4 chance fortune luck opportunity
3 The composer and performed his
a In many countries it's considered bad
first piano works while he was still at school.
to walk under a ladder.
4 In her production of Antony and Cleopatra, the
b Is there any of your visiting
designer the palace by a huge
me in October, during the festival?
curtain of painted gold.

122 U N I T 15 C u l t u r e and t r a d i t i o n
 c It will give you the to take 7 Nobody has sent out the wedding invitations yet.
some interesting photographs. still
d I had the good to arrive in The wedding invitations
Siena the day before the Palio. out.
8 Thousands of television viewers were watching the
5 deserve forgive pretend regret
procession when the electricity went off.
a Can you me for forgetting by
your birthday? The procession
b I having told you my secret. thousands of television viewers when the electricity
c She tried to that she had seen went off.
nothing. 9 Unfortunately ballet isn't often performed in this
d Well done! You to succeed! city.
wish
Revision exercise I more often in
this city.
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar 10 I don't suppose there'll be any tickets for the
meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.
concert left.
Do not change the word given. You must use between
two and five words, including the word given. likely
Tickets for the concert
1 'Wendy, could you make a birthday cake for me?'
sold out.
asked Rosanne.
11 It was thanks to her fairy godmother that
asked
Cinderella was introduced to the Prince.
Rosanne ..asked Wendy to make her a
met
birthday cake.
Cinderella the
2 'If I were you, Harry, I'd go to Hong Kong for
Prince if her fairy godmother hadn't helped her.
Chinese New Year,' said Wang Mei.
12 Going to bed early tonight would be sensible.
suggested
better
Wang Mei to Hong
You to bed late
Kong for Chinese New Year.
tonight.
3 'What's the date of Easter this year?' asked Katrin.
13 1 must buy a new film because I may want to take
when
a lot of photos at the festival.
Katrin asked that
feel
year.
I must buy a new film in
4 None of Caroline's cousins had such a big wedding
a lot of photos at the festival.
as her.
14 Otto's intelligence prevented him from believing
much
Mark's lies.
Caroline's wedding
too
any of her cousins'.
Otto was Mark's
5 I have never been as bored as I was at Cindy's
lies.
Halloween party.
15 If the weather hadn't been so cold, Yannis might
was
have gone out.
Cindy's Halloween party
such
I've ever been to.
It was Yannis
6 Kevin should be married to some nice girl by now.
stayed indoors.
time
It to some nice
girl.

L E S S O N 3 C e l e b r a t i o n s 123
16 Alex has got into the habit of swimming in icy 19 After the completion of this theatre, an
water. international drama festival will be held here.
used built
Alex in icy water. When an
1 7 Although she looked everywhere, the Princess international drama festival will be held here.
couldn't find the magic ring. 20 Not many people realise the amount of work that
spite is involved in an opera production.
The Princess couldn't find the magic ring realise
everywhere. Only much work is
18 Luke was the only guest who didn't bring Magda a involved in an opera production.
birthday present.
except
All brought Magda
a birthday present.

Look at what these students said about doing

these types of exam question. Which students
In Lesson 4 of Coursebook Units 11-75 you do you agree with? What advice could you give
have studied how to deal with these exam Gi-Suk and Sallette?
questions:
Paper 1 Reading, Parts 1 and 4
(Coursebook pages 1 3 9 - 1 4 0 )
Paper 2 Writing, Parts 1 and 2
(Coursebook page 1 7 7 )
Paper 3, Use of English, Part 5 (word formation)
(Coursebook page 1 5 2 )
Paper 5 Speaking. Parts 3 and 4 (doing a task together, Gi-Suk Sallette
discussion) I don't know how I'm In Part 2 of Paper 2, I
(Coursebook pages 1 6 4 - 5 ) going to finish Paper 1 in won't know which topic
You have also read information about practical matters the exam. I never have to choose. Is it a good idea
to do with taking the exam on Coursebook page 1 8 7 . time to read everything in to write two, and let the
Part 4 properly. examiner choose the best
If you don't feel confident about any of these exam one?
questions, read the relevant Coursebook pages again.

Aleksandra
I enjoy finding words with
the same root 'beauty',
'beautiful', 'beautifully',
'beautify'. It's like getting
four words for the price of
one! So, I think the word
formation task is fun.
Hamid
I'm looking forward to
Parts 3 and 4 of Paper 5
in the exam. I enjoy
solving problems and it
really makes you
communicate with your
partner, and share your
ideas.

724 U N I T 1 5 C u l t u r e a n d t r a d i t i o n
When you have thought about your advice for Gi-Suk
and Sallette, look at the advice given at the end of the
book. Did you have the same ideas? Do you think it is
good advice?

By now you should be familiar with all aspects

of the exam. For a final check, decide if
statements 1-10 below are TRUE or FALSE.

TRUE FALSE
1 Each of the live papers is worth the
same number of marks.
2 You have to pass every paper to pass
the exam.
3 In Papers 1 -4, you can choose
whether to write in pen or pencil.
4 In Papers 1 and 3 you should spend
the same amount of time on each
part.
5 To do well in Paper 2 it is not
important to have original ideas.
6 In Paper 2. the more you write, the
better your chances of a good mark.
7 You can answer the questions in
Paper 3 in any order, as long as you
make sure you answer every question
8 In Paper 4, you first write your
answers on the question paper, and
then copy them onto a special
answer sheet.
9 You can check again your answers
for each part of Paper 4 at the end
of the paper.
10 You have to wear formal clothes for
Paper 5.
To see how well you did, look at the end of the book.
Read the comments carefully.

L E S S O N 4 E x a m r e v i e w 125
 Tapescripts

it'll come back on again. Or doing exercises: you need to do

it a little and often.
So. the way that I learnt vocabulary, erm, was by copying
those words and expressions that I really needed. And also
listening to conversations and copying down things that I
VOICE:
remembered when I came back.
Can you tell me your name, please? DAVID: Wh-what do you mean when you say you copied -
OK. And where do you come from? SHE: I put them -
DAVID: - the words?
Really? Is it nice there?
SHE: - into my vocabulary book. I found out, in Chinese you
And do you live with your family?
have a pinyin, which is like a sort of transliteration system,
I see. How long have you lived at your current address? so it's the Roman alphabet. And. er, I'd sort of notice words
Uh-huh. Do you go to school, or college, or have you got a that came up again and again, and I'd make a note of them
job? and ask my Chinese friends what they meant, and put them
Right. And what do you like doing in the evenings and at in a special vocabulary book, which I, it was small so I
weekends? could keep it in my pocket.
And I'd just read my vocabulary book three times a day,
Can you tell me what your plans for the future are?
just for five minutes.
That's very interesting. And, erm, have you ever been Erm, and then I'd do what I did last week because you
abroad? forget terribly quickly. So a little bit and often. I think, is the
Last question. What is important for you in life? rule for learning vocabulary. So that it becomes part of
your routine and it doesn't become this awful slog of
Thank you. That was very interesting.
learning lots and lots of words.

)AVID: You were in China, I understand, and you had to

learn Chinese - VOICE: My fridge is absolutely full of fresh vegetables and
SHE: Yes.
different cheeses, because I'm a vegetarian and I don't eat
>AVID: - which is obviously a very different language from
meat. Besides, I adore vegetables, particularly raw ones in
English. Did you have any particular techniques or crunchy salads!
strategies, that you used which helped you learn the
language?
ii'E: Yes. I used to underline vocabulary that I really felt I
needed, for my needs, in. I had a. a book, so I'd underline
that vocabulary and expression in red so that I could really
focus on that.
VOICE 1: I've always loved fish. I was fortunate to be born
And trying to maybe, with words, because Chinese is so near the sea and brought up in a home where we regularly
different from English, thinking Ah, I'll remember that ate fresh fish of all kinds. And by 'fresh fish'. I mean really
word because it's like this word in English', or making a fresh - literally hours from the catch being landed and
strong image of the word. sorted. My father would march in with a box of whatever
And then the other thing that I really, really, helped me to had caught his eye - mussels, skate wings, cod, herring,
teach my students better is that you cannot sit down and plaice, mackerel and so on. I can still smell them now.
learn vocabulary, erm, like once a week, sitting down for
VOICE 2 : For thousands of years, from China to Viking
half an hour with your vocabulary book. But that, in a
Scandinavia, from the Greeks to the Bible, garlic has been
sense, you have to do it a little bit and often, it's a little bit
recognised as a top healing plant. Its uses include treating
like doing a diet. If you're on a diet, and you kind of starve
stomach upsets, tackling asthma and other breathing
yourself and think 'I'll lose weight' and 'I've lost weight",
difficulties, relieving colds and coughs, helping headaches,

126 T a p e s c r i p t s
 and most of all. strengthening resistance to infection. C
VOICE 3: And every morning I find myself stuck on Clapham VOICE: I : Is the fashion show on June the 3rd?
Junction station waiting for a train and 1 go into the buffet VOICE 2 : It's on June the 2nd.
and I drink their, their coffee. Sometimes it is really quite
1
good and sometimes it is really pretty awful and they, they
A
get to know me quite well in there because I, 1 make
VOICE l: Julia looks happy.
comments on I heir coffee on a daily basis!
VOICE 2 : She's got a new coat.
VOICE 4: Smells are great memory joggers. One sniff of a
B
lump of salt fish and I'm back in a small dark shop in
VOICE l: I think Julia needs a new coat.
Oporto: ground spices take me to a chaotic, irresistible
VOICE 2 : She's got a new coat.
market in south-west India: boiled cabbage takes me back to
C
school. My jar of dried orange peel is the heart of
VOICE I : IS Julia going to wear that awful old coat?
Christmas for me. and this rosewater takes me down a
VOICE 2 : She's got a new coat.
narrow lane in Fez to a wonderful cake shop.
VOICE 5 : The world's most widely-known style of beer - 2
Pilsner or Pils - originates from the town of Pilsen in A
Bohemia, in the present-day Czech Republic. In 1 8 4 2 , VOICE 1: Don't forget to take them something.
Pilsen's local brewery produced the world's first golden- VOICE 2 : I've got a bottle of champagne.
coloured beer, thus 'inventing' pale lager. Until that time all B
the world's beers had been dark, or at least reddish in VOICE 1: We must buy them a bottle of champagne.
colour. It soon became popular throughout the German- VOICE 2 : I've got a bottle of champagne.
speaking world, and the rest, as they say, is history. C
VOICE 1: Have we got a bottle we can take them?
VOICE 2 : I've got a bottle of champagne.

3
A
VOICE l: Where does he work now?
EXAMPLE VOICE 2 : He works in Argentina.
VOICE 1: It's next Saturday. B
VOICE 2 : Is the wedding next week? VOICE 1 : Does he work in Brazil?
VOICE 1: It's next Saturday. VOICE 2 : He works in Argentina.
C
1 VOICE 1: Is he on holiday in Argentina?
VOICE 1: It's at St George's church. VOICE 2 : He works in Argentina.
VOICE 2 : Is the service at St Michael's church?
VOICE 1: It's at St George's church.

2
VOICE 1: It's at Sophie's house.
VOICE 2 : Where's the party afterwards?
VOICE 1: It's at Sophie's house.
VOICE 1: Hi. My name's Friederike. I'm 2 0 years old and I'm
3 studying at the International College. My favourite subjects
VOICE 1: I've been to the dressmaker's. are languages, especially English. My hobbies are music,
VOICE 2 : When are you going to the dressmaker's? fashion, shopping and chatting with friends. I think I'm an
VOICE 1: I've been to the dressmaker's. outgoing person, lively and sociable - though people tell me
I can sometimes be a bit moody! I'm looking for friends - of
4
either sex - who have similar interests, and I would really
VOICE 1: No. she's borrowed a hat. like to be able to practise my English conversation with you.
VOICE 2 : Has Rachel bought a hat for the wedding?
If you're interested, do call me and leave a message! My box
VOICE 1: No. she's borrowed a hat.
number is 7 0 3 .
VOICE 2 : Hello. I'm Jurgen and I'm 16 years old. I'm a high
VOICE 1: NO. he has brown hair. school student and my favourite subjects are maths and
VOICE 2 : Does the bridegroom have black hair? science, especially computer studies. I'm lm 80 tall and I
VOICE 1: No, he has brown hair. like sports - running, football and baseball, which I'm quite
good at because I'm tall. As for my character, I'm friendly,
2 but quiet, quite shy really. I would like to make some new
EXAMPLE friends, especially if you are interested in the same things
A as me. Please call me on 7 0 9 - that's my box number.
VOICE 1: When's the fashion show?
VOICE 2 : It's on June the 2nd.
B
VOICE 1: Is the fashion show on July the 2nd?
VOICE 2 : It's on June the 2nd.

T a p e s c r i p t s 127

INTERVIEWER: Amy Goodheart is fascinated by villains. Her
interest has taken her to a cold dark cellar full of some of
the most horrible laces in history. She has been to the
London Dungeon. Tell us what you found there, Amy.
A M Y : Well, the Dungeon is an exhibition of British medieval
history, but actually it concentrates on torture, punishment,
disease and death.
INTERVIEWER: SO you saw some pretty major villains there?
A M Y : Not specific villains, no. but people who were punished
for crimes, whether they were real or imaginary, people
who were tortured because they didn't believe in the right
things. So in lots of ways it's not the villains who are there
but the victims.
INTERVIEWER: Could you describe some of the punishments
these victims suffered then?
A M Y : Well, for instance, in those days, if they wanted you to
confess to some crime, and you wouldn't, well, they would
pile a lot of heavy stones on top of you until you died. So
in that case we'd say the villain was the man who was
trying to get you to confess, but not the person who was
actually suffering the torture. I mean, they could do all
sorts of terrible things to you. even though you probably
weren't guilty at all. And in the London Dungeon you feel
as if you're actually watching those terrible things
happening.
INTERVIEWER: How long has it been going?
A M Y : Since 1 9 7 4 .
INTERVIEWER: And who came up with the idea for such a
place?
A M Y : Well, it was first thought of by a nice lady who was a
London housewife. She had three children, and her name
was Annabel Geddes. And she started it because she'd taken
her children to the Tower of London, and there were all
sorts of notices and descriptions of bloody deeds, but there
was no blood at all. and the children were very
disappointed. And she thought that, you know, perhaps
something actually showing the blood did have a place and
would have a certain appeal. So she started this.
INTERVIEWER: H O W did she go about it?
A M Y : It was difficult at first because she had no experience;
she'd never been in any kind of business at all. Er, so she
went and talked to a few of her friends, and her bank. And
then she was introduced to a few film set designers: and so
it built up gradually.
INTERVIEWER: H O W popular is the museum? How many people
visit it every year?
A M Y : Over four hundred thousand.
INTERVIEWER: And why do you think people want to see
something like that?
A M Y : It's difficult to say. but everybody is sort of fascinated by
things that frighten them. And L I think that because
everything that's shown happened a long time ago. people
can go and look at it. and when they get to the end. they
can shrug their shoulders and say, 'But isn't it good that we
don't treat anybody like that any more?' I don't know why
children are so fascinated, but an awful lot of children go
there, and you'd think they would be frightened, but they
actually love it.
128
INTERVIEWER: N O W it's in, 1 think, quite an old part of the city
really. Erm. are there any real life ghosts there at all?
A M Y : I'm not absolutely sure, and quite honestly I'm not
brave enough to stay there at night to find out!
VOICE: I agree that generally it's nicer to live in a cold
country than a hot one. The air feels fresher and you can
do more things. In a hot country you're sleepy all the time.
1 know that because where I live it gets much too hot in
summer. I prefer it in winter because then I can go walking
in the hills ...
1
VOICE I : This is the old market square, at the heart of the
town. Now, at the corners of the square you can see six
streets running off; four of these lead to the old town gates.
In the centre, behind me, is the Town Hall, which was the
chief administrative centre of the medieval town. In the
north-western corner of the square, over there, is the
Franciscan church of the Virgin Mary and diagonally
opposite, over there, not far from the south-eastern corner,
is where St John's parish church once stood.
2
VOICE i: It made such a difference, when I lived in
Amsterdam, to be able to just jump on a tram and be at
someone's house in ten minutes.
VOICE 2 : Whereas in London - ?
VOICE, i: It's impossible.
VOICE 2 : It's much bigger than Amsterdam.
VOICE I : And getting around is such a nightmare.
VOICE 2 : But in Amsterdam the problem is anyone can come
and see you at any moment.
VOICE i: Mm. People you don't want to see?
VOICE 2 : Maybe.
VOICE I : In London you have to be more selective in your
friends - maintaining friendships takes so much effort.
VOICE 2 : That would suit me just now! I need some peace and
quiet, to get on with my studies.
5
VOICE.: From earliest times it's been London's nature to have a
racially mixed population. How many people know, for
instance, that in 1 4 8 5 the Lord Mayor was Irish? Or that
black people have lived here since the 1 5 70s. and that by
the 18th century they may have numbered 1 0 , 0 0 0 ? The
first Chinatown appeared in the 1 7 8 0 s in Limehouse, in
East London: and there have been Somalis in East London
since the 19th century. Communities most of us think
arrived only recently have in fact been around for centuries.
4
VOICE 1: Hey! You!
VOICE 2 : Are you talking to me?
VOICE 1: Who else do you think I'm talking to? Get that thing
away from the front of my house!
VOICE 2 : What thing?
T a p e s c r i p t s
VOICE l: That horrible-looking van you've just parked there.
I'm fed up with that heap of scrap standing outside my
house.
VOICE 2: But I can park anywhere I like.
VOICE I : In that case, put it outside your own house. A bloody
eyesore - I'm not having it here.
VOICE 2: But there's a double yellow line outside my -
VOICE 1: I can't help that. Now move it away, I'm telling yer.
VOICE 2: There are no restrictions on parking -
VOICE 1: I warn you. I've told you, I don't want it outside my
house.
VOICE 2: Well, I - I'm sorry you find it such a problem.
VOICE 1: You'll be sorry and all! just you wait there!
5 DAVE:
VOICE: I think the most important thing is to be happy - that
you have enough water, that the electricity is on, that your
family is still alive. It's been going on for so long now, and
things are so bad, so difficult, that you must find happiness
in the small things in life. Like being able to make a cup of
coffee. Today we have gas, so we can do that. And none of
In the first photo there arc some people windsurfing on
the sea. On the left, an old man is watching them. Maybe
he's going for a walk. Er in the second photo there are two
people eating. The woman is eating a healthy meal, but the
man is not: he's eating junk food, er, and he's drinking beer.
He also seems to be a heavy smoker.
The main difference between the two photos is ...
UNIT 5 LESSON 2
Listening The subject is smoking
2
You're listening to Style UK and this is Dave Moody on
'Matters Today'. And now we move on to an eternally hot
topic - smoking and young people. I have with me Mick,
the studio doctor, and on the line is Anna, one of our
regular listeners who's recently managed to kick the evil
habit. Mick, Anna, welcome to the programme.
M I C K : Hello.

us has to go out and risk being shot. Or being somewhere ANNA: Hi.

busy. like the market, when they decide to lire from the DAVE: NOW,we smokers know we shouldn't do it, and yet we
hills. also know that the reason it's so difficult to give up is
because of the presence in the tobacco of nicotine.
Nicotine's a drug, and a highly addictive one at that, and
UNIT 4 LESSON 3
that's what makes a cigarette feel so good for a smoker.
Pronunciation Numbers and symbols Anna, can I ask you - did you know that before you
started?
1
ANNA: Erm, I don't know. I suppose I sort of did, but when
VOICE:eighty-five per cent you're young you don't bother about things like that. It was
twenty-eight degrees centigrade more important for me to be doing what my friends were
three and a quarter doing, and they were smoking so I started too. 'cos I didn't
seven and a half want to feel left out. And it made me feel more grown-up,
three-quarters more confident. But before I knew it, I was a packet-a-day
three pounds fifty person. I still don't know how it happened because at the
nine dollars twenty-eight beginning I hated the taste of the smoke.
DAVE: Mick?
2 MICK: Yes. The tobacco companies are aware of all this. In
VOICE: four hundred and twenty their advertising they're, they've very cleverly made
seven hundred and one cigarettes this symbol - false, I might add - of maturity.
one thousand three hundred and sixty-two Smoking then becomes a useful way to cover up the
twenty-five thousand five hundred shyness and the uncomfortable feelings that young people
fifty-seven thousand two hundred and fifty-one naturally experience. But until governments are brave
six hundred and thirty-eight thousand nine hundred and enough to ban cigarette advertising, it's something we have
fifty-nine to learn to live with.
DAVE: It's not an ideal world.
MICK: It certainly isn't, Dave. But we now know that when
VOICE: oh one seven one - seven four nine - oh five double you give up, almost all the health risks associated with
four smoking begin to decrease, no matter how long you've
two minus two equals nought smoked.
five four three two one zero! DAVE: Yes, I have the information here somewhere. Erm, yes,
two nil yes. After five years without a cigarette, the risk of dying
fifteen love early from smoking-related diseases like lung cancer or
heart attacks is reduced by half. And after 15 years the
UNIT 5 LESSON 1 risks have almost disappeared.
M I C K : So medically it is worth giving up. It's never too late to
Speaking Talking about photos stop.
DAVE: I know that, but I find it almost impossible to do it.
1 Anna, what did you do?
STUDENT: The first photo shows people by the sea and the ANNA: Well, I followed advice I'd read about. First, I made a
second shows people eating in a canteen. Both photos show list of all the times I smoked and why I needed a cigarette
different ways that people can have a healthy lifestyle - in at these times. Then I circled the day on my calendar and
this one, by taking exercise, and in that one, by eating told my family and all my friends I was giving up. So then
carefully.

T a p e s c r i p t s 129
 it was a matter of pride not to slip back. I'd made up my
mind and there was no turning back.
DAVE: I've tried before too, but I found it was better to do it
slowly, little by little.
MICK: Yes. but Dave, you still smoke, don't you? Because of
the problem of addiction to the nicotine, I think you need
to stop once and for all. It's unpleasant for the first couple
of weeks, but you need to go through that, to clear your
body completely of the harmful effects of the drug.
DAVE: I know. I'm a failure! But, leaving that aside for the
moment, is he right. Anna?
ANNA: Yes, it's the first few weeks that are the hardest.
DAVE: And what about saving money? That's another benefit,
isn't it. that you can buy all the things you've always
wanted, the new clothes, the holiday abroad.
ANNA: Well. I think that's a bit of an exaggeration, Dave. But
maybe I wasn't smoking enough to really notice.
DAVE: Mick, is there any other advice you can give?
MICK: Yes. People sometimes find they want to eat more, and
they sometimes put on a bit of weight. I'd say that is
something you shouldn't worry about too much: you can
always deal with that later. A couple of extra kilos is far
less harmful than carrying on smoking.
DAVE: Well now, let's take a few calls. Remember - if you've
got anything to say on the subject, do ring our phone lines
on 0 1 7 1 6 3 7 ...
UNIT 5 LESSON 4 When I came back, I built cupboards in the spaces
Exam review
3 rooms, a bedroom at the front and a sitting room at the
PAOEO: OK. In the first photo there's a man. He's standing on
- erm - on - erm - on the beach. He's wearing a hat and a
coat. He's watching something. Er, maybe he's interested in
the people there. They are - they are - erm - er, windsurf -
er. they are windsurfing.
OK. er, now here, the second photo. Erm, a man is eating
a hamburger. And he's eating chips. He's got a glass of
beer. I think he likes smoking. There is a packet of
cigarettes and - erm - erm - oh - erm - yes. I think he
likes smoking. His girlfriend is eating too. Maybe salad.
There's an apple on the table. There's a glass of, maybe,
juice, erm, orange juice, I think, on the table.
Yes, I like windsurfing. I windsurf every summer. My
family - we have a house near the beach and I like to go -
to go - to windsurf, when I am on holiday. But the beach is
not like this. Is hot the weather - the weather is hot, yes,
it's very nice there -
UNIT
E X A M I N E R : Right! Thank you. Paolo. That was ...
Speaking
VOICE: The lead from the kettle is lying across the top of the
JAN: About a year ago I moved to a new flat. It was much
bigger than my old one but somehow I didn't like
everything in it and so I set about carrying out some major
structural alterations. Here's a sketch which should help
make clear to you how I converted it to its present state.
Originally, when you came in at the front door here, there
was a door to the right which led to a very large room,
about 1 3 metres long and four metres wide. Straight ahead
130
of you was - and still is, I haven't done anything with this
part of the flat - a corridor with two doors on the left, the
first one to the airing cupboard, and the second to the
shower and the toilet together. That's here. Then, beyond
that is the door to the kitchen. At the back of the kitchen
there's a door which gives on to the balcony here, right
across the whole of the back of the house. It looks out on a
huge beautiful garden, full of tall trees, and whenever I can
I have my meals out there.
Now, the main problem I had with the flat was the main
room. It was just too big, and I also didn't want to live and
sleep in the same space. So I decided to divide it into two
separate areas, so that I could have a separate bedroom.
What I did was build two diagonal walls across the room
here, the first one starting from where the front door is and
going across the room, at an angle, to the far wall: and the
second parallel to the first, but one and a half metres
further back. Are you still with me? Yes?
Well, next I made a door at the beginning of each
diagonal wall, one leading into the bedroom and one into
the sitting room. Then I built a wall to block off the space
between the two diagonal walls. Finally, I removed the
original door between the hall and the main room. This
helped to make the hall more spacious, as your first
impression before was of a dark and very narrow corridor.
After this I took a well-earned rest and went on holiday for
a week!
between the two diagonal walls, cupboards for each room.
And in this way, as you can see, I now had two separate
back, and each with a more interesting internal space
thanks to the diagonal walls. Also, I've got lots of extra
cupboard space!
As for the dimensions, the rooms are still quite big enough
for me. The bedroom is four metres wide, as I've already
said. The left wall is, let me see, er, it must be two and a
half metres, and the right wall, erm, is, what, er, five and a
half. I think that's right, isn't it? Yes. And that means the
sitting room is. well in width, the same, obviously, while the
wall to the right here is six metres, and the one on the left
nine. So that's it, the history of my conversion.
I'm really pleased with it. It's not only made my flat more
practical - the separate bedroom and the cupboard space -
but also more interesting. I have unusual spaces which give
me a sense of adventure, and the visitor never knows what
is behind each door.
6 LESSON 2
Safety at home
cooker, very near a boiling saucepan. That's very dangerous
- it could cause an electrical fire. I would move the kettle to
the other side of the work surface, near the wall socket.
T a p e s c r i p t s

ELAINE: I think they should reduce the speed limit everywhere
because then no one would be able to drive so fast any
more. In America, for instance, you generally can't drive at
more than 50 miles - that's 80 kilometres - an hour. So.
you have more time to brake and take avoiding action when
you see trouble ahead.
R U G E R : It seems to me that the number of road accidents
could be reduced significantly if there was a better public
transport system. The reason for this is simple: more people
on public transport means fewer cars on the road. Well,
look at the rush hour, for example. Almost all the cars have
only one driver in them. And each driver sits there getting
frustrated by the jams and worrying if he - or she - will
get to work on time. That's when people start to do stupid
things, to take risks they shouldn't.
C A M I L L A : In my opinion, we could halve the number of road
accidents overnight. How? Easy! Stop men from driving
until they're at least 25 years old. It's well known that most
accidents are caused by young men driving dangerously. So
that's all you have to do.
PRESENTER: The first ever package holiday took place on July
5th 1 8 4 1 . It was an away-day to Loughborough from
Leicester. A train was chartered for its passengers to attend
a religious festival. The whole trip, for 5 7 0 people, was
organised by a then unknown man, Thomas Cook.
Lesley Morris has written Package Tourists about the
origins of the package tour. Wendy Johnson is author of a
book about famous women travellers, Wandering Women.
Lesley, have people always travelled or did it really only
start in the nineteenth century?
LESLEY M O R R I S : Oh no, they always travelled but the difficulty
was that people only really went for reasons of war, or for
business, or on a pilgrimage. I mean, there are records of
15th century women going off on pilgrimages and more or
less going by themselves, but it was incredibly difficult to do
apart from that.
P R E S E N T E R : Wendy, some of the women that you've uncovered
did make extraordinary expeditions early on.
WENDY JOIINSON: They did. yes. There were the great British
women travellers, like Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, who
went off to Turkey in 1 7 1 6 . thereby scandalising society: or
Lady Hester Stanhope, who wandered round the Middle
East, describing herself as 'Queen of the Desert'. But I think
it all began back in the 4th century when an abbess from
Spain went to what she called 'right to the other end of the
earth' - it was in fact to Jerusalem - it was, as Lesley said,
on a pilgrimage. But, erm, once she was there she became
the most enthusiastic tourist: she took an excellent
guidebook with her, er, which was the Bible, and she
engaged a rather enterprising tour guide, who took her
round some of the famous places mentioned there. She did
all the usual things that a tourist would do even now.
PRESENTER: And Lesley, how did package travel take off after
T a p e s c r i p t s
this Loughborough experience? - which I suppose wasn't
really a package holiday, although it was the first charter -
L E S L E Y M O R R I S : Mmm, the first charter, yes. Well, in fact
Thomas Cook organised excursions after that. He took
tourists to Scotland, he took them to the seaside resorts,
and he had this belief that the earth was there for people to
enjoy. And he really believed that. So the working man
could go. if he paid money into the working club, and he
took wife and children and all the rest of it. But it wasn't
until about 1 8 5 5 that we have a record, when Mathilda
Lincoln went on a trip to Germany and France and Belgium
and then - she went with her brother and two sisters - and
she records in her diary that, er, many of her friends
thought it was far too adventurous to go to countries that
were not under the British flag. But she said that 'we could
venture anywhere with such a guide and guardian as Mr
Cook, for there was not one of our party who did not feel
perfectly safe when under his care.' And from that time on,
package tours began to take off. There weren't, er, many of
them and it must have taken, well, quite brave women to
go, I think - I think most of them were waiting to get
married - but they went, sometimes with relatives, and
gradually they began to travel more and more until
eventually most of the package trips of the late 19th
century were women, in fact travelling by themselves.
Thomas Cook respected women travellers actually, for their
courage and determination. For example, in the 1 8 9 0 s ,
with the, the great cycling craze, he actually promoted
cycling trips for women, single women. As long as they took
a friend with them they could go off to Europe cycling,
which, was er, pretty daring when actually you couldn't go
shopping by yourself, you had to go shopping in London
with a companion in those days.
PRESENTER: There were also independent women travellers at
this time, weren't there, Wendy - apart from the packages, I
mean?
W E N D Y JOHNSON: Mm, yes. Lesley was saying a lot of Cook's
tourists were ladies who were waiting to get married. But a
lot of the independent travellers were women who had
decided that probably they were too old to get married.
They were the unmarried daughters who had done their
domestic duty and when their parents died, they had
perhaps received some money and they had little else to do
at home, so why not go abroad? And that's what they did.
in great numbers.
INTERVIEWER: What story would you most want to write
about?
MARTIN: Well, in my local area, they want to build a depot, a
place for storing railway trains, on a site of special
environmental significance. I don't think local people really
know about this. I would like to write about it, and to
present both sides of the issue.
I N T E R V I E W E R : Mm - that sounds interesting. And how would
you go about writing your story?
M A R T I N : Well, I would need to do some research first - read
planning reports, etc. And then I would have to interview
people with different positions on the issue. That would
131
 include local schoolchildren and teachers who use the site American students at university today understand how
for environmental projects: then someone from the railway much they owe to their parents who fought these battles for
company, and someone from the local council too. them in the 6 0 s , or whether they still think of them as old
INTERVIEWER: Well, I hope you get the chance to do it! It fogies.
sounds like a worthwhile story. Now, is there anything you
would refuse to investigate or write about?
MARTIN: Yes - anything to do with violence. The newspapers
are full of it, stories of robberies, car crashes, murders. I
wouldn't want to write anything like that. I don't think it is
good for people to read too much about violence.
INTERVIEWER: Mm - that's an interesting point. a ASKING A GOOD FRIEND
2
VOICE: What does this mean?
INTERVIEWER: 3
What story would you most want to write about? VOICE: Help me do this, will you?
Mm - that sounds interesting. And how would you go 4
about writing your story? VOICE: I've dropped my ring - can you see it?
Well. I hope you get the chance to do it! It sounds like a b ASKING A STRANGER
worthwhile story. Now, is there anything you would refuse 1
to investigate or write about? VOICE: Excuse me, what's your name, please?
Mm - that's an interesting point. 2
VOICE: Excuse me, what does this mean, please?
3
VOICE: Excuse me, would you mind helping me do this,
please?
4
VOICE: Oh no, I've dropped my ring. Would you mind helping
VOICE: When 1 was a student at university I got to live me look for it, please?
through a very important bit of American history. C ASKING S O M E O N E YOU WANT TO I M P R E S S
I was a student at the University of California at Berkeley 1
during the 1 9 6 0 s . At that point America was engaged in VOICE: Excuse me, could you please tell me what your name
the Vietnam war. which had already become very is?
unpopular. Military recruiters, people from the army, and
2
the navy and the airforce, were allowed to set up tables on
VOICE: Excuse me, could you please tell me what this means?
the university campus in order to recruit students to fight
3
in the war. Needless to say, many of the students did not
VOICE: Excuse me, do you think you could possibly help me do
want to go to war.
this, please?
Other students also wanted to set up tables on the campus 4
to recruit students to other causes, like fighting against the VOICE: Excuse me, I've just done something very silly - I've
war in Vietnam, or against racism. However, the university dropped my ring. Could you possibly help me look for it,
would not permit them to do that. please?
Finally, one student decided to take matters into his own
hands. He set up a table to recruit students for what was
called Campus CORE - Congress On Racial Equality. The
police came and arrested him, and threw him into a police
car. However, before they could pull the car away, so many
students surrounded the car that they were not able to pull
it out without hurting someone. They sat in the car for VOICE: In both these photos there is a young couple shopping.
something like 19 hours before they were finally able to In fact, in both photos the couples are looking at jewellery.
disperse all the students and take this gentleman away and The man and woman in each photo seem to be very happy
arrest him. together and I think they are probably boyfriend and
Afterwards, when he became famous and went on lots of girlfriend. Well, actually, in the second photo they might
speaking tours, he said that very few people asked him already be married: perhaps they are on their honeymoon -
questions about what his motivations were for setting up in Africa, or the Caribbean.
the table, or what his thoughts were, or what his political But there are also some differences between the two
goals were. All they were interested in was how he photos. First of all. ...
managed to go to the bathroom during those 19 hours that
he was locked up in the police car.
Up to that point university students had really felt that
they were powerless to have an impact on the opinion of
the government. However, after that incident, the
universities and the governments were forced to take notice
of the opinions of the students. I don't know whether

132 T a p e s c r i p t s

SUE: NOW tell me, when we met on the street what did you
want from me?
CLARENCE: Er, the first thing I wanted, really, the first thing
that came into my mind is. I wonder if she'll give me a
dollar so I can buy a bottle of wine. That was the first
thing.
S E E : And then?
CLARENCE: And I was a little cold, and I wasn't hungry,
because these people in the church here where we are at
right now, ahm, we had, er, the hundred twenty-eight
street, and. er. the Roman Catholic church and they're so
nice people here. They feed you. So I would have really
been lying to you to tell you that I was hungry. I don't have
a place to stay, I -
S E E : Why's that?
C L A R E N C E : Because, er, 1. did. er. eight years in, er, prison.
SHE: What for?
C L A R E N C E : For armed robbery. I didn't hurt anybody. In fact it
wasn't really armed robbery, they call it simulatin' a
weapon. You know. I had my hand in my pocket, but that
was in the 70s. I wouldn't even take the chance to do that
now. I would be scared.
S E E : Tell me about a typical day in your life.
CLARENCE: A typical day in my life? A good day? A good day?
SUE: A good day and a bad day.
CLARENCE: Well, a good day was when I was 18 and I was
married and I had a wife and a baby. That was a nice time
for me then. A bad day in my life I think was, not, not the
prison, because I survived the prison, it was when I came
out and my mother rejected me. That was a bad day in my
life.
S E E : HOW do you see your future?
C L A R E N C E : I don't see none. I think I'm - sister, I'm gonna tell
you somethin', and you're a beautiful lady with pretty eyes.
I don't see no future right now. I really don't.
GILL: This is a difficult situation. It's just possible that she
might have forgotten. I think John should talk to her first. If
he wrote her a rude letter, she could get angry and then he
might lose her friendship.
STEVE: What would happen if she never paid the money
back? Could John still be friends with her? Maybe he has to
accept that she isn't worth having as a friend any more.
MARGUERITE: AS far as a traditional family is concerned, er,
the man may. can have many wives. So if he has many
wives, the children call them, all of them are their mothers,
you say 'my mother', you don't specify if it is your real
T a p e s c r i p t s
mother or the wife of your father. And, er, the first wife. I
mean the one who is the first in the house is the mother of
every child. And even the youngest wives, those who arrive
later, call her their mother. Yes. And everybody in the
family knows that she is the eldest and she is respected. If
there is something, a problem to be settled, you go to see
that lady and she is the one who is going to tell her
husband that there is such-and-such problem in the family
and now the, the husband can call the others to settle the
problem, to solve it. And. er, if a child is sick for example,
for example it is this woman, the first one, who takes care
of the child. And the other women don't know, they
interfere but they are not responsible for them as such.
DAVID: How many people live in one -
MARGUERITE: In one house?
DAVID: - house?
MARGUERITE: You. you can have 1 0 . 2 0 . 3 0 , more than that,
it depends. If he has many wives you have the wife - the
wives, their children, they may have their sisters and
brothers. I mean the sister- and brother-in-laws of the
husband. They come to live in the family and you may
have. er. the father and the mother of the husband. You
see. So the grandfather and the grandmother also live in
the same compound. And. er, very often those two people,
those two old people don't do anything. They, they are there
to look after the children when their mothers are out in the
fields or when they go to the market to sell little things to
get some money. And, um, they just take care of the. the
children, they look after them and they just stay in the
house, they don't do anything. And when the. the first wife
is old. she doesn't do anything. It is the younger women
who do it for her, everything for her. And she's, er,
respected as well as the grandmother and the grandfather.
DAVID: In the traditional African family who is the most
important -
M A R G U E R I T E : The most important -
DAVID: - person?
M A R G U E R I T E : - person is the. the father. If you don't have a
grandmother or a grandfather in the family, it is the father.
And then comes the first wife.
DAVID: But if you have a grandfather and a grandmother they
are the most important?
M A R G U E R I T E : The most important persons in the family. And
everybody who comes has to see them first, tell them what
they have to say. And then they call their child. I mean the
husband, to tell him what is going on.
VOICE I : I'm afraid it's a case of 'practice makes perfect'.
There's no way to avoid it! I joined up with my coach when
I was 12 and had tennis lessons every day. Keeping going
can be tough, but I knew it was the only way to get better.
It worked too because by the time I was 14 1 was the best
player in the country. And that meant that I had the
chance one day to play the best in the world.
VOICE 2 : For those of you who want lo maintain fitness in
today's busy world it's quite simple really: you just need to
make sure that you look after yourself in all areas of your
life. This means doing some form of exercise, preferably a
133
 sport, on a regular basis, as well as eating well and
regularly, making sure you have a relaxing half hour at
some point during the day - and going to bed early!
VOICE 3: The hardest thing for me has been coping with all
the injuries. It started when I was 19 and hurt my back.
Since then I've injured my knee, damaged my heel and had VOICE:I think A is probably a young man, because his
a back operation. It's so frustrating not being able to run motorbike is his favourite thing in life. He also likes football
and it's hard to keep making comebacks. I've only been and music a lot too. Friends are important for him but he
back for seven months and I've hurt my knee again. doesn't mention his family at all, which I find surprising.
VOICE 4 : We at the Department of Health are worried about
the health and fitness of children today. A recent survey
has shown that children are not taking enough exercise,
which means that when they grow up they are more likely
to have problems with their health. This will cost the whole
country money, so it's in everyone's benefit that we get
VANESSA: Studying abroad is wonderful if you have the
each and every child interested in a sport.
opportunity. I was fortunate to have that opportunity three
VOICE s: You may think football violence is a modern problem
times. I studied in France, Canada and the old Soviet Union,
but in fact it's over 6 0 0 years old. Back in the 14th in what is now Russia.
century, being on the losing team could not only put you in
I studied in France while I was completing my bachelor's
a bad mood but in fear of your life. After his side lost
degree at home in California. I studied French language and
against a team of students from Oxford, a young man,
literature, which 1 was in love with at the time - it was so
known only as Adam from Salisbury, was actually killed by
special to be in the land of Moliere and Voltaire. Zola and
angry supporters!
Sartre! I spent about a year there and during that time I
lived with a French family, which gave me lots of
UNIT 11 LESSON 1 opportunity to speak French, as well as to eat the wonderful
food. I was in a small country town, not Paris, so I was able
Speaking Agreeing and disagreeing
to enjoy the beautiful countryside - the big rivers, the
EXAMPLE forests and, in the distance, the mountains. I received a
VOICE I : I think all children should have to play sports at diploma for my efforts while in France.
school, don't you? Then, after I had completed my bachelor's degree in
VOICE 2 : I quite agree. It's very important for their health.
California. I went to Canada to do a master's degree in
VOICE 5: I don't. I think children should do sports in their free
comparative literature. I spent a year and a half in Canada,
time if they want to, not at school. from autumn through two winters to the second spring. I
1 was living in an apartment with a friend, who was studying
I think every child should have to play sports at school, on the same program as me, so that was very convenient. I
don't you? really enjoyed the work in Canada because the classes were
2 so small. However. I was not allowed to have a job, which
If you want to be a good football player, you must practise made it very hard to make ends meet.
regularly. After I finished my master's degree in Canada, I had the
3 opportunity to go to the old Soviet Union for three months.
There's no way to control violence among football fans, is There I lived in a student hostel, with other foreign and
there? Soviet students, and I studied Russian language and
4 culture. I found that extremely interesting though it was a
I think a lot of sports aren't good for you - in fact, I think very hard language to learn, especially the grammar and
they're actually bad for your health! the pronunciation. I spent three months in the Soviet Union
5 and received a certificate at the end of this time, which I
Women are better at team sports and men are better at still have on my wall at home, written in beautiful Russian
individual sports. script. The people there were extremely friendly, and the
6 theatre was just glorious. For me, going abroad to study
I don't think sports stars should get paid as much money as was not just serious effort. I had a lot of fun too.
they do these days.
7
Ballroom dancing should never become an Olympic sport,
should it?
8
Competitive sports help children to become stronger
characters. K E N : A country's future depends on how well it educates its
9 young people.' Yes. I completely agree with that. If you
Swimming and walking are the best forms of exercise, have educated citizens then you have a society that behaves
aren't they? in an intelligent, humane way. Take the problem of crime,
for instance. A society of educated people will try to
understand the causes of crime and will work hard to

134 T a p e s c r i p t s
 change them, rather than just demand that criminals
should be punished.
JANE: I don't agree at all - I think you have a very idealistic
attitude! So many things influence how a country develops
- its economic situation, its political situation, its history, its
geography, its climate even. Yes, education is important, but
it's only one of many significant factors.
MARK: I think that museums that are concerned with
national culture should be free for all the people of that
nation. Such museums are a part of the national heritage,
and so should be open, without charge, to everyone. If, on
the other hand, it's a specialist type of museum, one that's
of interest to only a few. then I suppose it's all right if
people have to pay to get in.
VOICE:By this time next year I hope I will have got my
qualification and that I will have managed to find a job. I
plan to work in the fashion business, as a designer. I'm
hoping to get the opportunity to travel to India and
Thailand to do some research into their textiles. As for
romance. I hope my boyfriend and I are still together. I
don't dream of marriage yet - I'm still too young!
1 PETER:
INTERVIEWER: SO. Karen, you only just managed to pass your
driving test at that time -
KAREN: That's right.
INTERVIEWER: - and do you consider yourself a safe driver
now?
KAREN: Not always, I'm afraid. My mind tends to wander as
I'm driving. I use it as a time when I go over things that I
have to get done. And every once in a while I catch myself,
at. say, 60 or 70 miles an hour, thinking about what I need
to do at home, or in the office. It's easy to forget what a
dangerous piece of technology a car actually is.
2 I suppose this had been converted into student
INTERVIEWER: SO. Jackie Wright, from the National Society for
Clean Air, what is your position on the recent high smog
levels on our roads?
IACKIE: All the evidence is that everybody wants fewer drivers
on the road when smog conditions are bad. but nobody
wants it to be their car which stays in the garage. It's not
enough for the Department of the Environment to ask
people not to drive at these times - it's time the
Government accepted that they have to force motorists out
of their cars, whenever this is necessary to protect public
health. We must face up to reality.
T a p e s c r i p t s
3
INTERVIEWER: When you're investigating an air crash.
Barbara, what is important?
B A R B A R A : One of the most important things is the individual
investigator's skills and experience. For instance, something
might tell you to concentrate on what at first seems
unimportant, but it could be the key to finding the cause of
the crash. And you have to have experience to be able to
recognise the difference between a failure caused by the
crash and a failure that is a cause of the crash.
4
I N T E R V I E W E R : What is most important about your job as a
stunt performer in films, Nicky?
N I C K Y : Er, safety and timing. We plan everything down to the
last detail. It's not like being an actor where you can take
the shot again if it goes wrong - it's got to work the first
time. And you have to understand the science. If you're
doing something with lire, for instance, you mustn't
breathe, as the fire is constantly searching for oxygen. If
you open your mouth, the fire will burn the inside of your
lungs and kill you.
5
I N T E R V I E W E R : N O W Tina, you've worked as a circus performer
for years, high up in the big tent. How do you keep doing
that?
TINA: If you're scared, you can't go up. And if you're not
scared, and you're strong, you don't think about it. You go
up and you do it.
I N T E R V I E W E R : And when you started, you used to do it
without a safety net, is that right?
TINA: Oh, in those days we never used a net.
I N T E R V I E W E R : Good heavens!
TINA: Y O U don't need a net, as I said, if you're not scared.
The mind is your safety net.
Right. Now you want to hear about my ghost story.
Well, in fact this. I mean I'm not consciously telling a story,
erm. I'm not embroidering anything. I'll simply tell you
how it happened. Erm. and it's not a story that I often tell
because, I mean I don't want people to think that I'm some
kind of spiritualist or medium or some kind of spooky
person.
Er. I was young. Erm. I was an undergraduate, probably
about 2 0 . Erm, now, the college where I was studying in
fact had. had two residences, in fact they were both in, in
medieval castles. Erm, and I was living in one of these
castles. Erm, I had a room along one of the corridors. Now
accommodation, I mean it must, it was medieval so it must
have been some long gallery or something in the 14th
century and I don't know what kind of rooms they would
be. Erm, but it was probably in the early hours of the
morning, must have been one o'clock, two o'clock in the
morning and I woke up and I was aware that the room was
terribly cold. I can't remember if it was winter or not but in
any case the heating would be on so it shouldn't be cold.
And then I was aware of a shape, a stooped figure, not far
from my bed but standing or maybe even sitting, maybe
sitting with its head bent down, not moving, er, not far
from the end of my bed. And I didn't feel afraid although I
135
 was aware of a presence there and I merely stared at it, VOICE 5 : I remember when they had a season of 'Carry on'
looked at it for what seemed a long time but may not have comedy films there. It was very odd: I can't think why they
been more than a minute or two. And. I mean certainly the decided to show those films. I mean, I'm not saying I don't
creature or whatever didn't speak or didn't sigh or it wasn't enjoy them - I do, but in their proper place, as popular
weeping or anything, erm, and then it rose and sort of entertainment, on television say. a Saturday afternoon
glided out of the room, erm not opening the door but just when it's cold and wet outside and you've nothing better to
passing straight through the door. And I didn't feel at all do. But they can't be compared with the films of a
afraid because I didn't feel at all threatened. contemporary comic master like Woody Allen, can they?
And I hadn't known. 1 hadn't known before then that
there was a ghost associated with that building and the
story was that perhaps - now which century would it be? -
perhaps in the 1 6th century, perhaps at the time of the
Dissolution of the Monasteries and the adopting of, erm,
the Anglican faith as opposed to the Church of Rome. And
1 heard that erm. a. a young bride or wife who had married
into this noble family who had the castle at that time had
refused to change her faith, erm, had refused to give up
Catholicism and as a punishment or to make her change
her faith she had been walled, walled up. immured. Erm, I
don't know whether in fact they intended to get her out
when, er, when they thought that her time was up and she
would have changed her faith. Anyway she was supposed to
have died and. erm. and that, and that is the story. So her
ghost is supposed to haunt that place ever after.

VOICE I : The idea some people have of painting - that every

image reflects what the world looked like at the time of
painting - is ridiculous. Do children, for example, see their
mummy the way they paint her? Of course, they know
perfectly well what she looks like, but they don't represent
her that way. In the same way, the best painters of the past
were much more than simply mirrors of the world around
them.
VOICE 2 : Erom 2 1st September to l()th December we have The
Art of African Textiles: Technology, Tradition and Eurex.
Bold, bright and funky, this exhibition takes a
comprehensive look at new styles of material design across
the continent this century. From the riches of Asante
weaving in Ghana to urban wax prints, the show
concentrates on change and new ideas in technology and
tradition. Open daily -
VOICE 3: These traditional buildings in the palaces were
specially built for music performances. There are no walls,
just a marble floor and a massive roof held up by lots of
pillars. The roof goes up first at quite a shallow angle and
then, halfway in. it tips to a very steep angle. This creates a
very interesting acoustic. The music reflects off the floor
and rises into the roof spaces, where it echoes round and
round and you get this wonderful sound.
VOICE 4 :Can't you book the tickets? I haven't got a moment
free today. Yes. two in the gallery, as near the front as
possible, of course, and, if you can, in the middle. I've no
idea how many seats are left. We can pay for them when
we pick them up at the hall. Though I don't know how
early we have to be there. Two hours at least? I don't know.
Ask them yourself. Please do it. Yes. I have to rush now.
Bye.

136 T a p e s c r i p t s
Answers

UNIT 1 LESSON 1 2 chatted 3 expressed 4 mentioned 5 insisted

6 argued 7 boasted 8 objected 9 discussed
Asking questions 10 complained
Possible answers:
2 a 3 e 4 f 5 d 6 b
2 can I start?
3 does the course last?
4 classes there are each day?
Learning Chinese
5 there a lot of students in each class? B
6 do a test, do I?
1 Underline vocabulary red
7 arrange for me to stay with an English family?
2 remember word
3 vocabulary little (bit) often
Vocabulary Phrasal verbs
4 expressions vocabulary book keep pocket
2 Work out looking up 6 three day five
3 filling in read out 7 last forget
4 let you off
5 Go through hand in UNIT 1 LESSON 3
6 catch up with
7 rub out cross out
The kiss is not a simple matter
8 standing in for Kissing keeps you healthy. True
If you kiss someone in public in India, you may be
UNIT 1 LESSON 2 arrested. True
Animals kiss each other. True
Reading Use your dictionary wisely
2 D 3 A 4 F 5 B 6 E 7C
Rules 2, 5 and 8 are 'unwise' for the following reasons:
2 A dictionary can help you improve your spelling, but you
G r a m m a r Pronouns
may have to look in several places before you find the
word you want. For example, if you want to check the 2 each 3 They 4 ours 5 yours 6 he 7 they
word 'ceiling', you may look at 'sealing', or 'cea-' or 'cee-' 8 him 9 he 10 anything 11 anybody 12 he
before you find the right word. 13 himself 14 she 15 herself 16 everybody
5 A dictionary can give you a lot of help with grammar. For 17 he/they 18 nobody 19 him 20 He
example, it can tell you whether a word is followed by a 21 her 22 This 2 3 one 24 him 25 you
particular preposition, whether a noun is countable or 2 6 nothing 2 7 everything
uncountable, what the parts of irregular verbs are. or
whether a verb is followed by the infinitive or the -ing form Vocabulary The right word
of another verb.
2 a whistled b waved c yawned d whispered
8 It's very important to study the examples of a word in use.
3 a educated b trained c taught d coached
As well as helping you to understand meaning, the
4 a passing b failing c taking d studying for
examples will show how the word is used and in what
5 a revised b reminded c memorised d picked up
contexts.
6 a skill b command c ability d talent
7 a signal b message c gesture d sign
8 a notice b indicator c signpost d signature
9 a intention b mind c opinion d meaning
10 a by heart b By mistake c in pencil
d At first sight

A n s w e r s 137
UNIT 2 LESSON 1 UNIT 2 LESSON 2

Grammar Nouns Grammar Personal preference

2 Where can I buy (some) brown bread? 2 b 3 i 4 h 5 c 6 j 7 d 8 g 9 f 10 a

3 I'd like (some) meat for dinner.
4 This equipment must be washed after use. Writing My taste in food
5 There isn't (any) room for the bottles.
Ideas for this piece of writing may be organised in many
6 Give me every piece of information / all the information
different ways. One possible way is:
you've found out.
Paragraph 1: Pleasure from eating
7 Can you give me (some/any) advice about Mexican food?
- answers to questions f, k, b
8 How much luggage can we take?
Paragraph 2: Places to enjoy food
9 Is there any work for me to do in the kitchen?
- answers to questions j, d, g
10 The news from the war zone is frightening.
Paragraph 3: Enjoying seasonal dishes
11 I haven't got any clothes to wear to the party!
- answers to questions a, e
12 Have you got some/any scissors to open the packet?
13 I need some money to make a phone call.
Grammar Adverbs
14 What wet weather!
15 She has long blond hair. 2 Laura and 1 had some really delicious food in that
Hungarian restaurant last week.
Vocabulary Containers and groups 3 You can buy bananas extremely cheaply everywhere
there.
2 flowers (vase)
4 They fry vegetables fairly quickly over a high flame.
3 onions (bag)
5 He spread jam quite thickly on two slices of bread.
4 ice cream (bowl)
6 Unfortunately the whole dinner was completely burnt.
5 matches (box/packet)
7 You can grind coffee beans much more finely in an
6 spectacles (a spectacle case)
electric grinder.
7 beer (bottle/can)
8 Australian wine is slightly less well-known than
8 chocolates (box)
Californian.
9 oil (bottle/can)
3 loudly 4 loud 5 terrible 6 terribly 7 good
A bunch of grapes a set of tools a heap of papers
8 well 9 lately 10 late 11 hard 12 hardly
a row of desks a gang of criminals a flock of birds
a fleet of ships
UNIT 2 LESSON 3

Reading Ice cream: What's in a lick Vocabulary Phrasal verbs

- Ice cream is made of air, water, milk or cream and - You cut down on sugar and fattening foods (if you
sugar. want to get thin).
- It is made by stirring it constantly at a temperature - The electricity is cut off (if you forget to pay the bill).
below zero. - Milk goes off (if you don't keep it in the fridge).
- Iced desserts (not necessarily ice cream as we know it - You let out your belt (when you've eaten too much).
today) were first made in ancient China. - You pick out the ripe apples (from the unripe ones), or
a new recipe (from the recipe book).
A 4 B 5 C I D 2
- You put away the shopping (in the cupboard).
- You run out of sugar or milk (if a lot of people come
for coffee unexpectedly).
- You throw away the empty package (because you
don't need it).
- You try out a new recipe (to see if it tastes good).

2 Drink up 3 cut them up 4 turn up 5 Wipe up

6 wash up

Listening Food and drink

Speaker 2 - F
Speaker 3 - B
Speaker 4 - A
Speaker 5 - E

Vocabulary The right word

1 cook 2 chef 3 cooker 4 chief

1 nibble 2 bite 3 chew 4 swallow

138 A n s w e r s
 1 a stuffed b stirred c spread d sliced Vocabulary Character questionnaire
2 a pouring b spilling c knocking over d dripping
2 cheerful 3 tactless 4 unselfish 5 talkative
3 a scent b stink c smell d flavour
6 conceited 7 confident 8 aggressive 9 imaginative
4 a hot b spicy c dried 4 powdered
10 moody 11 mean 12 cautious 13 patient
14 insincere 15 practical
UNIT 3 LESSON 1

Reading A question of honour Writing Punctuation practice

- The man is a Touareg tribesman from the central The man that lives next door to me is an actor. Last August
Sahara desert (in parts of Algeria, Libya, Niger and he finally got his first leading role. He was asked to play the
Mali). hero's part in a film called 'The Blue-skinned B a n a n a ' . In one
- He wears a turban both to respect tradition and to scene my neighbour, who had just learnt to swim, had to
protect his face against the desert climate. jump off a high diving board into a swimming pool. He
- The young men still wear a turban but not as climbed to the top of the board, looked down and
frequently as the older men. immediately climbed down again.
"What's the matter?" asked the director.
1 A 2 D 3 C 4 C 5 D
"I can't jump from that board!" said my neighbour. "Do
1 clung 2 pasture 3 oasis 4 nomads you know there's only half a metre of water in that pool?"
5 discarded 6 beamed 7 humidifies 8 dagger "Yes," said the director. "You don't want to drown, do
you?"
Grammar Conditional sentences
UNIT 3 LESSON 3
2 If she turns down his invitation, he will (he'll) be very
disappointed. Listening The London Dungeon
3 I always visit the hairdresser's if I feel depressed.
A
4 Unless she finds (can find) a new suit today, she will
(she'll) have nothing to wear to her interview. 2 stones 3 victims 4 guilty
5 You cannot (must not/should not) go to that party if you 5 torture/punishment 6 1974 7 housewife
have not been invited. 8 blood 9 4 0 0 , 0 0 0 10 frightened
6 Can (Could/May) I borrow your skiing clothes if I go to
Switzerland? Grammar Making deductions
7 Polish your shoes unless you like looking scruffy.
Possible answers:
8 If I dye my hair red, will it suit me?
2 must feel very proud.
9 If you want healthy shining hair, use Starkiss shampoo.
3 can't be scared of heights.
10 I can't (won't) press your shirt unless you mend the iron.
4 must have had a lot of surprises.
5 must be hoping to see the star.
Pronunciation Emphasising words
6 can't have been tall.
I B 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 B 7 can't have won.
8 must have received some bad news.
Vocabulary Phrasal verbs 9 can't have heard anything.
10 must be lying.
2 g 3 e 4 h 5 b 6 j 7 i 8 c 9 f 10 a

2 c sunglasses 3 a shorts 4 g actors 5 f parents Vocabulary The right word

6 h shoes 7 d trousers 8 b earrings
1 a striking b trendy c plain d casual
2 a holding b wearing c dressing d putting on
UNIT 3 LESSON 2
3 a used b lifted c took d carried
Grammar Relative clauses 4 a agree b suit c match d fit
5 a clean b neat c tidy d smart
Possible answers:
6 a undress b unfasten c untie d undo
DOWN
7 a broad b large c tall d wide
2 a time when people like to buy new clothes 8 a usual b medium c general d middle
3 children whose hair is like this complain when it is 9 a typical b Ordinary c average d plain
combed 10 a identical b equal c similar d alike
4 a material which is made by worms
5 a piece of jewellery which is worn round the neck Writing Linkers of addition
6 something that protects your clothes when you cook
7 a person who has been in an accident may have one My heroine is a woman warrior from ancient Chinese history.
of these Her story has become mixed with myth and with
imagination and fantasy as well. When many members of
ACROSS
her family were killed by bandits, she disguised herself as a
3 a place where you can buy medicine, make-up, etc.
man and joined the army so she could find the murderers
7 the parts of a shirt that cover your arms
and kill them, too. She was extremely brave and she also
8 something that women paint their lips with
became a skilled general. I admire her because she managed
9 some people who diet a lot are this

A n s w e r s 139
to deny all her feelings of weakness. In addition, she put Pronunciation Numbers and symbols
family honour first, even above her own safety. Besides, she
eighty-five per cent
was a Chinese woman and so am I!
twenty-eight degrees centigrade
three and a quarter
UNIT 4 LESSON 1
seven and a half
Grammar Comparatives and superlatives three-quarters
three pounds fifty
2 less deep here than it is further east.
nine dollars twenty-eight
3 not as narrow here as in the old town.
4 is heavier than in the winter. The rule for the use of 'and' when saying numbers is
5 the driest place in the world. that you say it after 'hundred' (or 'hundred thousand')
6 as hot as Saudi Arabia. when this is followed by a number from 1 to 9 9 .
7 Hatter than Romania. e.g. 4 2 0 four hundred and twenty
8 more dangerous at sea than on land. 6 3 8 , 9 5 9 six hundred and thirty eight thousand, nine
9 most successful export is cotton. hundred and fifty nine
10 much thicker than it is this afternoon. You do not say it after 'hundred' when this is followed
by 0 0 .
Grammar Passive e.g. 2 5 , 5 0 0 twenty five thousand, five hundred

2 f 3 i 4 b 5 e 6 h 7 a 8 j 9 g 10 c Other numbers here:

701 seven hundred and one
2 is separated 1,362 one thousand three hundred and sixty two
3 is considered 5 7 , 2 5 1 fifty seven thousand, two hundred and fifty one
4 be divided
5 was planned was founded The number ' 0 ' can be said in a number of ways,
6 are employed have been made depending on the context. The following are some of the
7 are exported more common ways:
8 are spoken oh one seven one - seven four nine - oh five double four
two minus two equals nought
UNIT 4 LESSON 2 five four three two one zero!
two nil
Grammar Conditional sentences fifteen love
2 d 3 a 4 j 5 b 6 c 7 f 8 i 9 e 10 g
Vocabulary Phrasal verbs
Listening City life 2 A married couple breaks up: peace negotiations break
2 B 3 A 4 C 5 C down.
3 You pull up weeds and pull down an old garden shed.
UNIT 4 LESSON 3 4 You turn the volume up.
5 For example, doing badly in a test gets you down.
Vocabulary The right word 6 You take up a new sport and take down dictation.
1 a planted b sowed c harvested d cultivated 7 You can set up a business.
2 a track b trail c path d lane 8 When you stand down, you resign from an important
3 a near b nearest c next d nearby position, e.g. as head of an organisation, often to let
4 a flows b flies c crosses d rushes someone else take your place.
5 a splashed b overflowed c floated d ran 9 Your best friends back you up. your parents bring you up
and traffic jams hold you up.
1 a bank b beach c seaside d shore e coast 10 You can make up your face or a story: two friends make
2 a border b margin c edge d boundary up after a quarrel.
3 a view b panorama c scenery d scene

l e 2 c 3d 4 a 5 b UNIT 5 LESSON 1
f 1 g 2 Grammar The present
'lay' and 'raise' must have an object,
1 spends is getting
'lie' and 'rise' do not have an object.
2 are working are you doing
lay - laid - laid have give am am finishing
lie - lay - Iain 3 Are you enjoying
raise - raised - raised don't normally eat tastes
rise - rose - risen 4 is studying wakes opens plays surprises
1 rises 2 raise 3 laid 4 lay know prefers seems
5 are becoming are getting are increasing
Reading A hellishly noisy place

2 C 3 E 4 A 5 H 6 G 7 D 8 B

140 A n s w e r s
UNIT 5 LESSON 2 Vocabulary The right word
Grammar Advice 1 relieved 2 refreshed 3 relaxed 4 restless
Dear Patrick, 1 exhausted 2 tired 3 worried 4 confused
I'm very sorry to hear that you are having a lot of problems
1 recipe 2 ticket 3 receipt 4 prescription
with toothache. You should take care of your teeth. You
know they have to last you all your life! If I were you. I 1 a injection b dose c pill d drug
would pay more attention to my diet. I know you like 2 a fit b energetic c healthy d lively
chocolate, but you'd better eat fewer sweet things. 3 a aches b hurts c pains d swells
Remember that sugar is bad for your teeth. You ought to 4 a struck b injured c damaged d wounded
eat apples and raw carrots instead. 5 a suffer b destroy c harm d spoil
Do you clean your teeth after every meal? Have you tried 6 a treat b cure c heal d mend
using an electric toothbrush? Make sure you brush up and 7 a wrapped b sheltered c protected d comforted
down as well as from side to side.
Why don't you change your dentist? Mr Lundy is very UNIT 5 LESSON 4
old and doesn't know about modern dental techniques. It's
Exam review
best to go to a dentist who has just qualified. What about
asking your cousin Denise to recommend someone? Advice for Arianna:
Unless you look / If you don't look after your teeth It's important to think about what each sentence is
now, they will all fall out and you won't dare to open your testing. This will help you to focus your mind each time
mouth in public or be able to smile at anyone! I suggest you and then you can remember the appropriate grammar
take my advice very seriously. rules.
In the Workbook, each rewriting sentences exercise
Vocabulary Phrasal verbs focuses on just one grammar area, e.g. comparatives and
superlatives (whereas in the exam, of course, this
2 give up 3 put on 4 cut down 5 take up
question will test a wide range of grammar). The
ft come out in 7 clear up 8 go down with 9 get over
Workbook exercise gives you practice in all the different
10 look forward to
ways of, for example, making comparisons which you
need to know at First Certificate level.
Listening The subject is smoking
You have already done this kind of exercise in the
The three people discuss aspects of these points in the Workbook (on pages 1 5 , 31 and 4 3 ) and there are many
questionnaire: more opportunities for practice in the following units.
1, 2. 3. 5. ft. 8. 1 0
Advice for Rob:
2A 3A 4M 5D 6A 7D 8M 9D 10 M Try to do as much practice as you can with a classmate.
In this way, you can get more used to speaking English
UNIT 5 LESSON 3 and can help each other to improve.
Everyone is nervous: it's natural. But think about how
Reading A feeling of pure joy
much English you do know and try to relax. The first
The writer was physically disabled, and was only able to part of the exam ('Getting to know you') is the easiest
paint by holding the brush between the toes of his left part and it should help you to relax. There is nothing to
foot. It can't have been easy for him to do (see 'forget' or to 'remember': you just have to talk naturally.
paragraph 3). When you start talking, you'll find that the only thing
you forget is your nerves!
1 crouched 2 curled up 3 clenched 4 tacks
A minute ('Talking about photos') is actually not a
5 queer ft awkward 7 crooked 8 corkscrew
very long time, so it's important to practise using the
9 easel
minute well. You should do the specific practice exercises
1 C 2 D 3 A 4 C 5 B in the Workbook (for example, on page 39) and revise
those in the Coursebook (for example, pages 4ft-7 and
Pronunciation Vowel sounds 5 2 - 3 ) . There'll be more practice later in the Workbook
and Coursebook.
2 body 3 heart 4 cold 5 ear ft sore
Paolo could have done better if he had:
Grammar Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed - followed the instructions more precisely. He didn't
really compare and contrast the two photos, and he
2 you frightened by the sight of blood?
didn't talk about taking exercise and eating well as
3 are interested in (watching) television programmes about
ways of having a healthy lifestyle. Instead, he
hospitals.
described each photo in turn and then talked about
4 was/felt relieved.
how he liked windsurfing in his country.
5 an amusing story,
- organised his ideas better. Because he didn't follow the
ft is tiring.
instructions carefully, he seemed to say the first thing
7 the instructions on the medicine bottle confusing.
that came into his head. He also ran out of time
8 was disappointed in the (result of the) treatment.
before he had finished.
9 something encouraging to the sick child.
10 an amazing recovery from his injuries.

A n s w e r s 141
 - used a range of language. He used a narrow range of UNIT 6 LESSON 2
the same simple grammar and vocabulary. He didn't
Listening Converting my flat
use the sentence structure practised on page 46 of the
1
Coursebook. He clearly didn't know unusual or 2 balcony 3 1/ 2 4 bedroom 5 hall
1
specific vocabulary (e.g. 'He's standing on a sand dune' 6 cupboards 7 2 / 2 8 6
or 'He's wearing a cap') and had forgotten more
simple vocabulary ('There's a lighter I an ashtray'). Word formation Compounds and adjectives
- paraphrased. He didn't try to paraphrase when he
2 paper 3 room 4 agent 5 light 6 pin 7 box
couldn't find the word he needed (e.g. 'It's a kind of
8 chair 9 machine 10 house
bank which you find behind a beach' or 'It's
something you use for putting the ash in / for putting air-conditioned brand-new hard-wearing
the end of your cigarette in when you have finished labour-saving mass-produced old-fashioned
smoking'). remote-controlled second-hand waterproof

2 changeable, changeless 9 traditional

UNIT 6 LESSON 1
3 colourful, colourless 10 allergic
Grammar Present perfect 4 dusty 11 valuable, valueless,
5 suitable invaluable
2 have watched Neighbours for
6 mountainous 12 cloudy, cloudless
3 has not been spoilt
7 powerful, powerless 13 energetic
4 hasn't / has not lived in/on
8 spacious 14 rusty
5 has never worked
6 have just heard
UNIT 6 LESSON 3
7 time Sean has ever had
8 have not been held Reading T h e luck of the house
9 have not visited
According to feng shui. features 1, 3, 5 and 7 would
10 has been less unemployment
create negative energy, while features 2, 4 and 6 would
create positive energy.
Writing Asking for information
2 B 3 E 4 A
This is one possible way of writing the letter:
Dear Mr Thomas, G r a m m a r The past
Thank you for your letter telling me about a host family in
2 decided announced
London. I should first like to ask you about the Grove family's
3 noticed were taking
neighbourhood before I decide whether to stay with them.
4 was papering ran
Improving my English during my visit is very important to 5 didn't/did not wash painted
me. Will I be able to take English classes at the local college, 6 opened saw was
or will I have to travel into central London for this? 7 was was getting wanted lasted
I also wonder what kind of activities I could do there in my 8 was/were working were putting
free time. Is there a swimming pool and tennis courts in the was hanging, wasn't/was not doing gave heard
park? Are there pubs and discos as well as a cinema? I see
2 had finished started
there is a supermarket in the High Street, but what about
3 used made hadn't/had not woken
fashion boutiques and bookshops?
4 didn't/did not dp hadn't/had not remembered
Finally. I am sure I will often want to go into the centre of 5 had dusted polished shone
London. Can you tell me how long it takes on the 6 thought had turned realised had forgotten
underground, whether it is expensive and whether I would be smelt/smelled
able to return home late at night? 7 was had ironed managed
Thank you for help. I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
Vocabulary The right word
1 Indoors: ceiling, door, floor, stairs
Vocabulary Phrasal verbs Outdoors: roof, gate, ground, steps
2 At the bottom of the house: basement, cellar
2 clear out
At the top of the house: top floor, attic
3 put them up
3 On the floor: mat, rug, carpet
4 get round to
On the bed: mattress, sheet, blanket
5 have my parents round
4 On the bed: pillow
6 drop in
On the sofa: cushion
7 cut across
5 In the kitchen: sink
8 come up with
In the bathroom: basin
1 turn into 5 put every sensible person off
1 repair it 2 redecorate it 3 renew it 4 rebuild it
2 breaks out 6 take up
3 get out 7 put out
4 cut off

142 A n s w e r s
 1 a guard b keep c support d maintain Vocabulary Phrasal verbs
2 a private b special c own d particular
1 turn back drawing out call off
3 a deliver b provide c share d distribute
2 see you off getting away pick you up
4 a miss b lose c leave d forget
3 run into run over
5 a returned b removed c replaced d recovered
4 hang about check in takes off
5 making for stop over
UNIT 7 LESSON 1

Vocabulary Prepositional phrases UNIT 7 LESSON 3

1 by air, bus, car, plane, ship, train (means of travelling) Grammar Modal verbs
in the air, bus, car, plane, ship, train (position)
2 couldn't / could not see
on foot
3 mustn't / must not speak
2 at sea (when living)
4 must buy a ticket
by land, sea (when travelling)
5 needn't wear / need not wear / don't need to wear /
in the world
do not need to wear
on earth, land, the moon, the sea (position)
6 ought to travel
3 on business, holiday
7 could you arrange
4 in a hurry
8 shall I find out
on a journey
9 may be asked to share
5 at night (= time when)
10 had to spend
by day/night (= during)

1 on by 2 by 3 at on 4 on in 5 by at/by Listening Early package tours and women travellers

2 train 3 religious 4 Scotland 5 seaside

Grammar Reported statements
6 Germany 7 Belgium 8 traveller 9 Turkey
2 week before he'd/he had been 10 Queen 11 desert 12 Spain 13 Jerusalem
3 were safer because they drove 14 Bible 15 pilgrimages 16 late 17 independent
4 she'd/she had never driven 18 package 19 cycling 20 married
5 were demanding an underpass there
6 they were going to install Vocabulary The right word
7 would fail my test unless
check-in desk - security control - passport control -
8 we weren't/were not allowed to
departure lounge - duty-free shop - boarding gate -
9 informed (that) I had to
cabin - arrivals hall
10 told me not to park
A suggested order from small to large is:
Grammar Asking questions purse - wallet - bumbag - handbag - shoulderbag -
briefcase - rucksack - suitcase - trunk
Suggested answers:
footbridge, pedestrian crossing, underpass
2 that rather dangerous
3 cars had punctures The following need professional training:
4 the lorry driver know what was happening air steward, bus conductor, ship's captain, guard, jockey,
5 you manage to catch him pilot, receptionist
6 motorists use the motorway The ship's captain and pilot need the most training,
7 you any advice for motorists crawl - as a baby
creep - when you don't want to be seen
UNIT 7 LESSON 2
limp - when you've hurt your foot
Reading Air anxiety seminars march - as a soldier
slip - when walking on ice
B tiptoe - when you don't want to wake someone up
2 H 3G 4 A 5 C 6 B 7 F 8 E trip - when you catch your foot on a step
wander - when you have nowhere particular to go
Word formation Nouns drive - a car
ride - a bicycle, a horse
2 trial 3 loneliness 4 destruction 5 poverty row - a boat
6 fitness 7 anxiety 8 refusal 9 celebration
sail - a yacht
10 development 11 electricity 12 solution
13 choice 14 stupidity 15 disappointment accelerate - brake
16 behaviour 17 thickness 18 breath check in to - check out of
19 relaxation 20 practice 21 imagination float - sink
22 take-off 2 3 make-up 24 upbringing guest - host
land - take off
2 Portuguese 3 height 4 exploration 5 worthless slow down - speed up
6 deafness 7 Professional 8 exceptionally Overtake and reverse are both actions you take when
9 foolish 10 peacefully driving.

A n s w e r s 143
 1 destination (all the rest are types of traveller) 2 T 3 F 4 F 5 F 6 T 7 T 8 F 9 F 10 T
2 traveller (all the rest are parts of a train)
3 lobby (all the rest are places to stay in) Grammar Conditional sentences
into / out of: boat, car, plane, train 2 might/could/would not have written hadn't been
on (to) / off: bicycle, horse, ship 3 hadn't done wouldn't have won
4 hadn't brought might/would smoke
1 a lane b pavement c motorway d way
5 would never have become hadn't modernised
2 a platform b station c harbour d quay
b would know hadn't been invented
3 a fetch b lead c accompany d bring
4 a expedition b tour c voyage d trip 2 hadn't been colonised by the British, they wouldn't
5 a ride b drive c excursion d travel speak English there.
6 a arrived b got c reached d entered 3 didn't often tell lies, ordinary people
wouldn't/mightn't find it (so) difficult to trust them.
UNIT 8 LESSON 7 4 entered politics, more countries would/might have a
female head of state.
Grammar The past
5 hadn't been discovered, many lives wouldn't have
2 came been saved / would have been lost.
3 have existed 6 hadn't been a statesman as well as a soldier, he
4 were not allowed wouldn't have been so successful.
5 has changed
6 have become UNIT 8 LESSON 3
7 had
Reading Haunted waters
8 managed
9 has always impressed D
10 won
1 ripples 2 debris 3 emerged 4 submerged
11 made
5 summit 6 log 7 perished
12 went
13 happened I D 2 A 3D 4 B 5 C 6 B
14 has received
15 have been threatened Grammar Time relationships
2 at In on in
Vocabulary Phrasal verbs
3 - in
2 a 3 i 4 e 5 d 6 g 7 c 8 j 9 b 10 f 4 at in - in on at
5 at At on -
Pronunciation Weak forms 6 In at on
7 at -
The ringed words marked with a tick were pronounced
in the weak form, as a /a/ sound. The ringed words not 2 as it was taking / as it took
marked with a tick were pronounced in their full form. 3 were sleeping when
4 as soon as we heard
5 while the rescue work was
6 before he went / before going
7 had gone down considerably by
8 until/till his horse came

Vocabulary Prepositional phrases

1 at a time
2 at the same time

a on time 1 on time
b in time 2 At times
c at times 3 in time

a at last / in the end

b at once
c at first
d at the moment / at present
e in a moment
1 at once
UNIT 8 LESSON 2 2 At first
3 At last / In the end
Listening History in the making 4 At present / At the moment
getting involved in politics, fighting in wars 5 In a moment

744 A n s w e r
Vocabulary The right word G r a m m a r Getting people to do things
1 a news b information c publicity 2 I would rather you didn't smoke in here.
d propaganda 3 correct
2 a latest b last c late d lately 4 Would you mind passing me that tile over there?
3 a encouraged b persuaded c recommended 5 It's time we had a coffee break.
d suggested 6 Why don't you get the figures checked by an
4 a warned b threatened c convinced accountant?
d influenced 7 Do you mind if I make a telephone call?
5 a crashed b broke c ruined d smashed 8 I wonder if you could type this letter by 4 o'clock?
9 correct
1 advertise 2 broadcast 3 publish 4 announce

In the case of two possible answers, use your dictionary 10 Could you let me leave work early this evening?
to make sure of the differences of meaning.
2 demonstration/march Vocabulary Prepositional phrases
a in half, in two
3 opposition to
b at a loss - at a profit
4 council/government
at least - at most
5 banners/placards
at work - off work
6 riot
in debt - out of debt
list - punch in stock - out of stock
foot - kick off duty - on duty
gun - shoot 1 in debt
knife - stab 2 in half / in two
stick - beat 3 at a loss
advance - retreat 4 on duty
attack - defend 5 in stock
capture - release 6 off work
defeat - victory 7 at least
resist - surrender 1 at all costs 4 in all
1 c 2 b 3d 4 a 2 by half 5 on the whole
3 at all
UNIT 9 LESSON 1 1 on 2 in in 3 in 4 in 5 on 6 in 7 on
Grammar Reported questions 8 in

The conversation should be similar to this: UNIT 9 LESSON 3

'What is the secret of your success?'
Listening Down and out in Harlem
'Trust. I reward the animals when they perform well, and
1 will never accept a job which involves any cruelty.' Clarence is living on the streets because he was in prison
'Which animal is the most difficult to deal with?' for eight years and, it seems, has been unable to rebuild
'The cat. Cats are more temperamental than actresses!' his life. He's also an alcoholic.
'Can you remember a particularly difficult assignment?'
2 No 3 Yes 4 Yes 5 No 6 Yes 7 No 8 No
'I was terrified by the hungry wolves in "Company of
Wolves". But the most difficult are those commercials for
Australian lager which require a lot of flies.'
Reading A hopeless case?
'How do you catch the flies?' 1 discharged 5 heading for
'They're impossible to catch. I have to breed them at home!' 2 vistas 6 radically
3 wrote off 7 placements
Word formation Practice exercise 4 housebound

2 sleeveless 3 weakness 4 excited 5 width I B 2 C 3 A 4 D

6 breathlessly 7 breakable 8 Refreshments
9 apologetically 10 probability Grammar Reason, result and purpose
2 because of his
UNIT 9 LESSON 2
3 for the police to
Vocabulary Phrasal verbs 4 such a difficult job
5 in case he has to
2 g 3i 4 c 5 h 61 7 b 8 e 9 j 10 d
6 he could tell them about
11 f 12 a
7 as the magistrate may give
8 they didn't / did not have
9 lied so obviously
10 speak loudly enough for

A n s w e r s 145
Vocabulary The right word Grammar The article

1 a left b sacked c laid off d retired 3 the 4 the 5 the 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 -

2 a line b charge c fee d fare 1 1 a 12 the 1 3 the 1 4 the 1 5 the 1 6 a 1 7 a
3 a loan b contract c debt d loss 1 8 the 1 9 - 2 0 - 21 a 2 2 - 2 3 a 2 4 -
4 a afford b insure c spare d bet 25 - 26 - 27 - 28 a 29 - 3 0 the 3 1 a
5 a crime b offence c fault d mistake 32 a 33 - 3 4 the 35 the 3 6 a 37 a 3 8 -
6 a cheated b lied c tricked d deceived
7 a innocence b guilt c responsibility d blame Word formation Verbs
earn: a living, a reward, a salary 2 bleed 3 choose 4 criticise 5 die, deaden
gain: an advantage, experience 6 encourage 7 enjoy 8 feed 9 forecast 10 heat
make: a living, a profit 11 live 12 lose 13 memorise 14 obey 15 persuade
win: a competition, a prize 16 prove 17 qualify 18 relieve 19 sadden 20 save
get: an advantage, experience, a prize, a reward, 21 sharpen 22 succeed 23 summarise
a salary 24 sympathise 2 5 terrify 26 threaten

break into: a bank, a car, a house

Vocabulary Prepositional phrases
burgle: a house
hijack: a plane a by yourself, on your own
kidnap: a person b at peace - at war
mug: a person in general - in particular
rob: a bank, a person in public - in private
steal: a car, a plane 1 by yourself / on your own
1 of 2 for 3 of 4 to 5 with 6 for 7 to 2 in public in private
3 in particular
UNIT 10 LESSON 1 4 in general
5 at war
Grammar Modal verbs
1 in 2 in 3 at 4 in 5 in 6 at at 7 in
2 needn't have ironed 7 could speak 8 in 9 at 1 0 in
3 oughtn't/ought not to feel 8 could have gone
4 must tell 9 may be going out UNIT 10 LESSON 3
5 must have got married 10 might not have got
6 can't have quarrelled Grammar Contrast

2 c 3 b 4 i 5 a 6 e 7 j 8 f 9 h 10 d
Grammar Simple or progressive?

2 haven't we passed have been driving Vocabulary Phrasal verbs

3 have been waiting have you been doing 2 take to
4 doesn't/does not want is saving up 3 stood by split up
5 looks is laughing 4 broke down broke off
6 love are looking forward to 5 count on let his friends down
7 was travelling met 6 fell out hung up
8 got was studying 7 get on live up to
9 was introducing wondered had seen 8 fell for
10 had been feeling had left 9 fall in with
10 backed out
Reading Love and marriage

2 13 3 and 4 B/D 5 E 6 A 7 C 8 and 9 C/D Vocabulary The right word

1 0 D 11 A 12 E 1 3 B 1 4 E 1 a upset b suspicious c nervous d anxious
2 a curious b sympathetic c aware d conscious
UNIT 10 LESSON 2 3 a alone b lonely c single d unique
Listening A traditional family 4 a unwilling b uncertain c unlikely d uneasy
5 a determined b confident c definite d certain
C 6 a courage b honour c trust d respect
2 True 7 a mood b sense c emotion d temper
3 False - the husband sorts it out. 8 a grew up b developed c grew d brought up
4 True 5, 3, 2 , 4 , 6, 1
5 False - he or she is not expected to help with the work
(only to look after the children when the mother is
out).
6 False - the most important members of the family are
the grandparents. If they are no longer alive, it is the
father.

146 A n s w e r s
UNIT 10 LESSON 4 Vocabulary Phrasal verbs

Exam review 2 j 3i 4 a 5 e 6 c 7 f 8 g 9 h 10 b

Advice to Anke:
Vocabulary Prepositional phrases
Doing The right word and the phrasal verb exercises in
this Workbook will help you with the multiple choice 1 out of 2 in 1 under 4 out of 5 in 6 in out of
gap-tilling in the exam. Don't worry if you sometimes 7 out of 8 out of 9 in 1 0 out of
have to guess. Even if you aren't sure of the right
answer, you can make an intelligent guess by crossing UNIT 11 LESSON 2
out the words you know are wrong, and choosing the
Reading An interest in magic
word which sounds best to you in the gap.
Advice to Kenji: 2 C 3 H 4 A 5 G 6 B 7 F 8 E
If you have more listening practice you will feel more 1 biannually 2 sworn to 3 embarking
confident about your listening ability and not get so 4 nerve-racking 5 shattered 6 unruffled
nervous. Use the listening exercises in this Workbook, 7 enthralled 8 hovered 9 hoop 10 manipulation
together with the Workbook recording, to practise
listening at home. You can stop and start the recording Grammar 'be used to doing'/ 'used to do'
whenever you like, and replay different bits as often as
you find necessary. By being in charge yourself, you can 1 Before the invention of the record player, people used to
learn not to panic. make their own music at home in the evenings.
Nowadays people aren't used to entertaining
The student has not made any grammar, spelling or themselves. They spend most of their leisure time
punctuation mistakes in this letter, but it could be watching television. In spite of the long time spent in front
improved in three important ways: of the television set. reading is an even more popular
a Letter-writing stifle pastime than it used to be.
This is a formal letter to someone the writer doesn't 2 At one time women used to have less free time than
know. It should begin 'Dear Mr Thomas', not 'Dear men, because they used to do all the housework, but
Richard', which is too informal. The writer has also now many men have got used to the idea of sharing the
forgotten to end the letter appropriately with 'Yours household chores.
sincerely' and to add her signature. 3 Entertaining friends has always been a favourite way of
This should be a polite letter, so 'Please give me passing the time. The ancient Romans used to eat and drink
more information' is too abrupt as a beginning. at banquets which lasted all day and night: they probably
b Paragraph organisation became used to getting up the next day feeling '1!
In the first paragraph of this letter the writer should 4 Today many people try to keep fit. People who use^ to
thank Mr Thomas for his letter, and give the writer's sleep until noon at the weekend have now got used to
reason for writing, that is, to ask for more information getting up early so that they can run, swim or do yoga
about the area where the Grove family live. The writer before breakfast.
should then organise the questions she wants to ask 5 A popular hobby is collecting things. Some people collect
into two or three paragraphs. relatively cheap objects like stamps or postcards, while
This student has not done this. She has not written others prefer antique furniture or vintage cars.
an introductory paragraph, and all her questions have
gone together in one paragraph. The student's second Word formation Prefixes
paragraph is irrelevant. The information and opinions
2 impolite 3 self-centred 4 non-fiction
she gives in this paragraph were not asked for in the
5 co-worker 6 intercontinental 7 midday
instructions. You must always follow the instructions
8 underpaid 9 outrun 10 superhuman
exactly in this kind of writing task.
11 substandard 12 inactive 1 3 misfortune
c Language 14 dissatisfied 15 regain 16 preheat
The student has asked appropriate questions in her
first paragraph, but she has not used appropriate 2 specialise 3 impatiently 4 disqualification
language. She has just copied the words which were 5 sympathise 6 ensure 7 irreplaceable 8 identify
written on the map and made them into a list of 9 unsuitability 10 fattened
questions. She should have used her own words as far
as possible to ask the questions more politely, and UNIT 11 LESSON 3
with similar ideas linked together.
Grammar The future
See the sample answer for this question on page 1 4 2 .
2 A are you going to go
UNIT 11 LESSON 1 B 'm/am going to have
3 A 'll/will be
Listening A sporting life B 'll/will help
2 A 3 F 4 B 5 C 4 A 'm/am going to see
B 'll/will come
5 A 's/is going to snow
B won't/will not

A n s w e r s 147
 2 's/is singing 7 does the plane land Vocabulary Phrasal verbs
3 opens 8 'm/am not going is
2 in 3 think 4 see 5 across/over 6 up 7 get/sail
4 're/are having 9 starts
8 up 9 come 10 got
5 'm/am playing 10 're/are taking
6 arrives
UNIT 12 LESSON 2
Vocabulary The right word Listening Studying abroad

1 a field b ring c court d pitch 2 diploma

2 a forbidden b prevented c excluded d hindered 3 with a French family
3 a cancelled b postponed c paused d limited 4 wonderful food
4 a entrance b admission c approach d entry 5 a year and a half
5 a Rapid b swift c hasty d prompt 6 master's degree
6 a date b appointment c arrangement 7 apartment (with a friend)
d agreement 8 small classes
7 a calm b steady c constant d idle 9 Russian language and culture
1 throw 2 swing 3 pump 4 pick 5 scatter 10 three months
6 drae 11 certificate
12 friendly people
1 sew 2 weave 3 knit 4 stitch
1 glance 2 stare 3 notice 4 glimpse 5 observe Grammar 'wish'/'if only'
6 distinguish 7 recognise 8 identify
2 If only I could drive to school every day. ,
GET LARGER: expand, extend, increase, raise
3 correct
GET SMALLER: decrease, lower, reduce, shrink
4 If only we had more mathematics classes this term.
2 lower 3 shrunk 4 expanded 5 extend 5 correct
6 increasing 7 decreased 8 raised 6 Most people today wish they earned more money.
7 I wish Anita hadn't kept interrupting the teacher in
Writing Putting something right yesterday's biology class.
Your letter to the editor could be something like this:
8 correct
9 correct
Dear Sir, 10 If only Jola had passed all her exams when she left
I am writing to disagree with the opinions expressed by school.
Melanie Cooke in her review of the Firecracker disco.
I do not think Ms Cooke gave Firecracker a fair chance. She Vocabulary Prepositional phrases
must have got there too early. When my friends and I 1 by on 2 By 3 by 4 on 5 by 6 by
arrived, the place was bursting with an enthusiastic crowd of
dancers, all enjoying the lively atmosphere. 1 in the way
Ms Cooke complains about the music. She cannot have 2 in other words
stayed long, or she would have heard the biggest hits from 3 in fact
Europe and North and South America. They probably played 4 in some ways
just a few slow numbers before the dancers got warmed up.
1 in fact
Ms Cooke also objects to the cost of refreshments. 2 in the way
Admittedly this is high, but entrance charges are reasonable. 3 In other words
You can have an enjoyable night out for less than the price 4 In some ways
of a trip to the cinema.
Altogether I think Ms Cooke's report was unfair. She UNIT 12 LESSON 3
should not discourage people from trying Firecracker for
themselves. My friends and I can thoroughly recommend it. Pronunciation Word linking
as we would have told her if she had spoken to us.
1 are 2 all 3 a 4 open 5 everyone 6 other
Yours faithfully. 7 type 8 of 9 all 10 have
See Coursebook page 151 Pronunciation Word linking D.
UNIT 12 LESSON 1
1 that are (Way 1)
Grammar The - i n g form of the verb 2 for all (Way 4 )
2 point (in) doing 3 are a (Way 4 )
3 help sleeping / falling asleep 4 be open (Way 3)
4 spying / being a spy 5 to everyone (Way 2)
5 asking 6 the other (Way 3)
6 making 7 specialist type (Way 6)
7 people boasting 8 that's of (Way 1)
8 you (from) ruining 9 it's all (Way 1)
9 on studying 10 people have (Way 5)
10 of visiting

148 A n s w e r s
Grammar Comparatives and superlatives (revision) UNIT 13 LESSON 1

2 more interested in sculpture than Reading Microscopic machines

3 is the best place
2 G 3 C 4 F 5 A 6 1 7 B 8 H 9 E
4 teach as well as
5 to spend less time 1 consume 2 minuscule 3 brainchild
6 twice as big as 4 from scratch 5 properties 6 assembly
7 is the least difficult 7 Trillions 8 fluid
8 is much more valuable than
9 Brian behaved worst Grammar The infinitive
10 isn't/is not the same as
2 managed to keep/be 7 'd/had better take
3 is unlikely to mend 8 are impossible to follow
Reading About a million dollars' worth
4 to ask him/her to 9 to have reached
Some of the more valuable jewels in the Sultan's 5 let the children play 10 appears to be waiting
treasure collection (e.g. rubies, emeralds) 6 taught me how to fix

2 1) 3 F 4 B 5 H 6 G 7 E 8 A
Vocabulary Phrasal verbs
Route the plotters will take:
2 running down 7 plug it in
1 COURTYARD OF THE JANISSARIES 3 taken over 8 take me in
2 GALE OF SALVATION 4 Switch off cool down 9 brought off
3 SECOND COURTYARD 5 check up on 10 set back
4 KITCHENS
6 writing up
5 GATE OF FELICITY
6 WHITE EUNUCHS' QUARTERS
7 STAIRS TO ROOF Word formation Revision exercise
8 HAREM AREA
9 AUDIENCE CHAMBER 2 terrified 3 enlarged 4 sleepless 5 truthfully
10 THIRD COURTYARD 6 creator 7 uneconomical 8 furry 9 freedom
11 TREASURY MUSEUM 10 ambitiously
12 FOURTH COURTYARD

UNIT 13 LESSON 2

Grammar The future

2 Who knows where we will be taking our holidays in a

few years' time?
3 Correct
4 You can't become an astronaut until you have got a
space school diploma.
5 Many countries are unlikely to have enough money to
compete in the space race.
6 Correct
7 When Roy and Jenny graduate they are hoping to get
jobs with NASA.
8 Olga hopes she will be leading / will lead a space
mission in the next few years.
9 The Americans are going to send a camera deeper into
space than ever before to see what pictures it will send
back.
10 Many science fiction ideas are bound to become fact
before the decade is over.
Vocabulary The right word
Grammar Reported speech (revision)
1 a mark b certificate c grade d degree
2 a qualified b enrolled c entered d sat 2
if/whether she had ever seen
3 a post b task c profession d career 3
which planets they were going
4 a obtained b possessed c neglected d preserved 4
said (that) he/she had been
5 a refused b referred c reserved d restored 5
if/whether he thought she should
6 a immediately b presently c actually 6
he would be looking
d currently 7
told everyone to fasten / told everyone they should fasten
8
suggested (that) Frank read / suggested (that) Frank
] compare 2 contrast 3 doubt 4 realise
should read
5 grasp 6 consider 7 reason 8 wonder
9 asked Gail to record
10 warned Phil not to have
Suggested answers:
1 collected 2 classified 3 organised 4 arranged

A n s w e r s 149
Vocabulary Prepositional phrases UNIT 14 LESSON 1
1 by hand 2 on the one hand 3 on the other hand Grammar Passive (revision)
4 at hand
2 are believed to have been
1 in the future 2 in future 3 by far 4 in advance 3 is hoped
4 is being cut
1 By far
5 have been destroyed by
2 in the future
6 the planet be saved
3 at hand
7 should be taken
4 On the one hand on the other hand
8 aren't/are not regularly recycled by
5 by hand
9 will eventually be ruined by
6 In future
10 were being cooked and eaten
7 in advance
11 was dug up by archaeologists
12 were thrown out of
UNIT 13 LESSON 3
13 had been built by
Listening Watch out! 14 will be learnt
2 F 3D 4 B 5E
Reading Back from extinction
Grammar Quantity 2 E 3 A 4 F 5 B
2 Some people believe there is a monster in Loch Ness,
UNIT 14 LESSON 2
while others disagree.
3 Like most people, I have experienced a few strange G r a m m a r The - i n g form or the infinitive
coincidences, but not many.
When a dam in French Guyana made the river Sinnamary
4 European scientists have little knowledge of
burst its banks, the water started flooding the rainforest.
nanotechnology.
Forest animals were forced to escape into the trees.
5 Both Evans and Parker wanted to go on the space walk,
Conservationists helplessly watched the water level
but the commander didn't want either of them to do it.
rising/rise. When it threated to cover even the trees, the
f> Correct
French government and the company responsible for
7 In the next decade, there are likely to be several
building the dam agreed to provide money for a rescue. A
important discoveries in most scientific fields.
team of 40 French vets tried to save as many animals as
8 A lot of/Lots of time is spent checking every component
possible. They used speedboats to chase the animals and
before all rockets are launched.
darts to make them temporarily unconscious. In all, they
9 No technician looked at either of the two faulty
managed to rescue 5 , 0 0 0 creatures. Animals that were
computers.
unable to climb trees, such as rodents, were saved first. They
10 None of the students / No student did well in both were so happy to get away from the water they didn't mind
mathematics papers, though some did excellently in one. being handled by the vets. Monkeys were more difficult to
capture: although most monkeys can't stand getting wet.
Vocabulary The right word these ones preferred drowning to travelling in a boat with a
1 a burst b stretched c leaked d cracked vet. The vets couldn't prevent some monkeys from falling
2 a calculated b numbered c measured into the river and then they had to swim after them. Sloths
d estimated were equally uncooperative. They wouldn't let the vets carry
3 a contained b consisted c connected them down the trees without being anaesthetised first. The
d combined animals were later released into the safety of French
4 a dissolved b divided c included d involved Guyana's first national park. They seem to enjoy living in
5 a correct b accurate c exact d sharp their new home. But do they remember running for their
6 a perform b operate c run d proceed lives from the advancing water? And do they regret being
7 a installed b purchased c established d traded made to leave their old surroundings?
8 a supplied b stored c stocked d served
9 a requested b begged c appealed d prayed Vocabulary Phrasal verbs (revision)
1 discover the cause of cancer 2 an idea 3 rain 4 a bus 5 trouble
invent a new product 6 an opportunity 7 a promise 8 hunger 9 a journey
2 experiment with genetic codes 1 0 lunch
research into the history of science
3 examine a blood sample under a microscope Word formation Revision exercise
select a particular area to study
2 skilful/skilled 3 properly 4 possessions
4 analyse the results of research
5 professionally 6 sale 7 threatened 8 confused
check a letter for mistakes
9 unrecognisable 10 villagers 11 patiently

150 A n s w e r s
UNIT 14 LESSON 3 Vocabulary Phrasal verbs (revision)

Grammar Impersonal 'it' 2 1 b 2 c 3 a

3 1 a 2 c 3 b
2 It is months since Akiko last felt homesick.
4 1 b 2 c 3 a
3 It is common for salesmen to change jobs regularly (to
5 1 c 2 b 3 a
regularly change jobs).
6 1 a 2 c 3 b
4 I find it sad when I lose contact with old friends.
7 1 b 2 a 3 c
5 It will be fun staying with my Australian penfriend.
8 1 c 2 a 3 b
6 It was midnight when they reached the frontier.
7 It is a pity that Andreas moved out of the city centre.
UNIT 15 LESSON 2
8 Did you find it easy to make friends in London?
9 It took Paolo ages to get used to his new school. Listening The arts
10 It is often said that the world is getting smaller.
2 B 3 C 4 B 5 A

Vocabulary The right word

Grammar Conditional sentences (revision)
1 a pollution b litter c waste d dirt
2 her parents say
2 a barked b grunted c squeaked d hissed
3 whenever he's / he is
3 a interfering b mistreating c misleading
4 provided (that) the manager gives
d exploiting
5 I told you / informed you / said to you
4 a obey b owe c omit d oblige
6 long as you're / you are careful
5 a risked b dared c relied tl upheld
7 was/were you, I'd / I would have
6 a depend b guarantee c undertake d ensure
8 if they hadn't / had not had
1 pat, slap, smack, stroke 9 wouldn't / would not cost so much / would cost less
2 cuddle, hug. squeeze 10 would he have painted
3 scrape 11 unless she practises every/each
friendly: cuddle, hug. pat, stroke 12 if it didn't / did not look
13 have/get the chance, taste
Listening An unusual story 14 wish Jane Austen had written
15 only I knew
13 16 wish you wouldn't / would not do / wish you didn't / did
2 13 3 C 4 C 5 13 6 B not do

UNIT 15 LESSON 1 Writing Making a complaint

Reading Once upon a time
2 D 3 E 4 A 5 B 6 B 7 E 8 and 9 A / B
10 C 11 A 12 D 13 E 1 4 B 15 C 1 6 A
Grammar Revision of tenses
You should have made the following corrections. The
remaining verbs are correct.
2 She's/She is still sleeping. She's/She has been sleeping for
a long time ... We're/We are waiting ...
3 ... he had first met her.
4 ... 1 come from Austria. This is the first time I've/I have
ever been ... 1*11/1 will have taken photos ... When I'm/I
am back ...
5 I'll/I will drive ... you've/you have had ...
6 He's/He has just left ...
7 ... I saw it ... I'm/I am thinking of ... nobody goes there
... it used to be very popular.
8 ... Reid's/Reid has been here ... He was following the
lorry when it crashed ... there hasn't/has not been ...
9 ... It's time we had ...
10 I'd rather he didn't/did not ... I won't invite him ...
11 ... he was looking ... The diary must have been written ...
she'd/she had been given the diary ...
12 ... until we have received replies ...
Your letter to the festival organisers could be something like
this:
Dear Sirs,
I recently attended the International Drama Festival in
Guildford. I am afraid its bad organisation spoiled my
enjoyment of an otherwise excellent festival.
Firstly, it was impossible to get information about the festival
in advance. No one answered your box office phone, and I
could not buy a festival programme beforehand. So I went to
Guildford not knowing anything about the plays or whether I
could get tickets. As I had never been to Guildford before, it
was difficult to find the different theatres.
Secondly, according to the festival advertisement, student
reductions were available. Unfortunately, even though I
showed my student card from my university in Dublin, I was
not given a reduced price ticket.
Finally, I was disappointed there was no Irish company at the
festival. Ireland has a great theatrical tradition and audiences
would have enjoyed seeing an Irish play.
I hope the festival will be held again next year. If it is, please
make sure more information is available in advance and that
reductions are offered to all genuine students.
Yours faithfully.

A n s w e r s 151
UNIT 15 LESSON 3 1 True
2 False - Your marks are added together to form a final
Vocabulary The right word
total. This decides your grade.
1 rough 2 tough 3 stiff 4 hard 3 False - You must write in pencil in Papers 1, 3 and 4
and in pen in Paper 2.
1 drew 2 sketched 3 wrote 4 represented
4 False - Some parts (e.g. Paper 1. Part 4) are meant to
5 expressed 6 designed 7 constructed 8 shaped
take less time than others. In addition, there are some
1 a size b shape c form d figure parts that will take you longer than others: this is an
2 a praised b congratulated c boasted individual matter. It's up to you to divide your time in
d applauded the way that is best for you. Don't spend so much
3 a attended b were present c appeared time on one part that you don't have enough time for
d assisted the other parts.
4 a luck b chance c opportunity d fortune 5 True - What is important is how you organise and
5 a forgive b regret c pretend d deserve express your ideas, not how original they are.
6 False - You should not write more than 1 8 0 words for
Grammar Revision exercise each part. Examiners will not read your composition
after the 1 8 0 word-length has been reached.
2 suggested (that) Harry went / Harry should go
7 True
3 when Easter was
8 True
4 was much bigger than
9 False - You have to finish each part before you go on
5 was the most boring (one)
to the next. There is no time at the end for checking
6 's/is time Kevin was married
the whole paper, and in any case you will have
7 still haven't/have not been sent
forgotten the content by then!
8 was being watched by
10 False - You do not have to wear formal clothes but,
9 wish ballet was/were performed
out of respect for the examiners, you should try not
10 are likely to be / to have
to look scruffy.
11 wouldn't/would not have met
12 'd/had better not go
13 case I feel like taking
14 too intelligent to believe
15 such cold weather (that)
16 is used to swimming
17 in spite of looking
18 the guests except (for) Luke
19 this theatre has been built / is built
20 a few people realise how

UNIT 15 LESSON 4

Exam review
Advice for Gi-Suk:
You are not supposed to read every word in Part 4 of
Paper 1. Part 4 tests your ability to find information
quickly without reading every word. You either have to
look for a specific piece of information or try to
understand the general idea. Always read the questions
first and find the answers as quickly as you can.
Advice for Sallette:
It's a very bad idea to answer two questions in Part 2 of
Paper 2! Firstly, because the examiner will only read the
first one, and secondly because you only have time to do
one well-planned, well-written piece of writing in this
part. If you're not sure which topic you will do best,
write a brief paragraph plan for two of them. This will
show you which topic you are most at ease with and
you can then develop that plan.

152 A n s w e r s
A cknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Alison Silver. Liz Sharman, Hilary
Fletcher. Alyson Maskell, Liz Driscoll, Ruth Carim. Nick Newton and
Randell Harris for their invaluable help in producing this book.
The authors and publishers would like to thank the following
teachers and their students for piloting First Certificate Avenues
Workbook:
Julian Hall, F.urocentres. Cambridge. UK
Susan Altard. British Institute. Monza, Italy
Hanna Kijowska, Warsaw. Poland
Kiriakos Vasilomanolakis. Institute of Foreign Languages, Hania,
Crete, Greece
Paul Sainsbury, Ruth Breeze and Stephen Markey, LTniversidad de
Navarra, Spain
Richard Baudains, The British School of Trieste. Italy
Their comments and suggestions were very helpful.
The authors would like to thank the following for their help with
recordings: Sue Lake. Bram Poldervaart, Debbie Chapman, Marie
Marguerite Sinare and Peter Bareham. Thanks also to the recording
studio actors: Ishia Bennison. Tyler Butterworth, Vicky Uorush,
Alberl Ehrnrooth. DeNica Fairman. Rupert Farley. Nigel Greaves,
Stephen Grothgar. Sharon Holm. Federay Holmes. Simon Mattacks.
Juliet Prague. Jean-Luc Rebaldi. Jacqui Reddin. Gertrude Thoma.
Joanna Wyalt.
James Richardson produced Ihe recordings at Studio AVP.
The authors and publishers are grateful to the following for
permission to reproduce copyright material.
Focus magazine for the extracts on pp. 1 0 - 1 1 from Paying lip service:
the irresistible kiss by Christopher Middleton. Focus, February 1 9 9 5
and on pp. 1 6 - 1 7 from Ice cream: What's in a lick by Susan Aldridge.
Focus, July 1 9 9 5 : Reuters for the extract on p. 22 from A question of
honour by Philip Shehadi: The Observer for the extracts on pp. 3 6 - 7
from Shattered: The myth of the rural idyll by Michael Durham and on
pp. 1 1 0 - 1 1 from Ghost wolves return to their lair by Ed Vulliamy:
Reed Books for the extract on p. 42 from My Left Foot by Christy
Brown. Seeker & Warburg 19 5 4 : Evening Standard/Solo for the
extract on p. 50 from Fishing for good fortune by Christopher Hudson;
Times Newspapers Ltd for the extracts on p. 55 from For those in
terror of the air Lee Rodwell/The Times. 16th June 1 9 8 6 and on
p. 74 from Prince's venture changes a rogue into a model citizen by
Chris Lightbown, Times Newspapers Ltd 1 9 8 8 ; The Independent for
information used in passages on pp. 6 1 , 1 1 2 . 1 1 3 , for the extract on
p. 81 from I tried to kill my pretty sister by Hester Lacey and for the
extract on p. 1 0 1 from A computer the size of a blood cell by Annabel
Maclver; A.M. Heath & Co for the extract on pp. 6 4 - 5 from Ring of
Fire Copyright Lawrence and L o m e Blair. Bantam Press 1 9 8 8 ;
Reed Books for extract A on p. 78 from A Circle Round the Sun by
Peregrine Hodson. published by William Heinemann Ltd 1 9 9 2 ;
Serafina Clarke for extract D on p. 79 from Women Who Love Too
Much by Robin Norwood. Arrow Books Ltd 1 9 8 6 ;
HarperCollinsPuMis/iprs Limited and Simon & Schuster for extract E
on p. 79 from Wild Swans by Jung Chang; Telegraph Group Ltd for
the article on p. 88 Dominic tricks his way into Circle Steve Jackson
1 9 9 6 : Eric Ambler c/o Campbell Thomson & McLaughlin Ltd for the
extract on pp. 9 8 - 9 from Tlie Light of Day Eric Ambler,
Heinemann 1 9 6 2 : extract B on p. 1 1 7 is from The Classic Fairy Tales
by Iona and Peter Opie, 1 9 7 6 , and is reproduced by permission of
Oxford University Press; extract C on p. 1 1 7 is taken from Genesis by
Eduardo Galeano, published by Quartet Books Ltd in 1 9 8 6 and is
used with the permission of Quartet and Pantheon Books/Random
House Inc.; extract D on p. 1 1 7 is approximately 1 4 5 words from
the back cover of The Death of King Arthur translated'by James Cable
(Penguin Classsics 1 9 7 1 ) copyright Penguin Books Ltd 1 9 7 1 .
Reprinted by permission of Penguin Books: the Royal Opera House,
Covent Garden, for extract E on p. 1 1 7 from Arnold L. Haskell's
programme notes for The Firebird.
It has not been possible to trace the copyright holders of. all the
material used and in such cases the publishers would welcome
information from them.
We are grateful to the following for their permission to reproduce
copyright material and photographs:
Corbis-Bettmann for p. 10 1; Robert Harding Picture Library/Wally
Herbert for p. 10 br, Cambridge University Press/Hilary Fletcher for
p. 10 tr, Image Bank/Joseph van Os for p. 1 1 : Mary Evans Picture
Library for p. 1 6 ; The Anthony Blake Photo Library/Tim Imrie for
p. 1 7 / ; Zefa Pictures/J.Bitsch for p. 2 2 : Tony Stone Images/David
Sutherland for p. 32; The Independent/Keith Dobney for p. 39 t;
Cambridge University Press/Trevor Clifford for p. 39 b: Impact/Erol
Houssein for p. 4 1 ; Pictor International for p. 45 hi. tl. m: Robert
Harding Picture Library for p. 45 br. tr: Hulton Getty Collection for
p. 5 8 ; Camera Press for p. 6 3 : Planet Earth Pictures/Andrew
Mounter for p. 6 4 ; Tony Stone Images/Ken Fisher for p. 71 t; Robert
Harding Picture Library for p. 71 b; Impact/Michael Mlrecki for
p. 7 3 : Robert Harding Picture Library for p. 8 0 ; Pictor International
for p. 85 ml, b: Robert Harding Picture Library for p. 85 mr, Tony
Stone Images/David Young Wolff for p. 8 5 tl: Cambridge University
Press/Hilary Fletcher for p. 85 tr; Tony Slone Images/Art Wolfe for
p. 1 1 0 ; David Poll for p. 1 1 9 : Image Bank/Barros & Barros for
p. 1 2 1 r; Pictor International for p. 1 2 1 /: Telegraph Colour
Library/F.P.G/ A.Tilley for p. 1 2 4 hi; Pictor International for
p. 1 2 4 br; Comstock for p. 1 2 4 tr; Cambridge University Press/Hilary
Fletcher for p. 1 2 4 tl.
Cartoons on pp. 8 6 . 1 0 9 by kind permission of Private Eye: pp. 1 2 .
2 6 . 55 by kind permission of Punch.
Special thanks to The London Dungeon for permission to use their
copyright logo on p. 2 8 .
We have been unable to trace the copyright holders of the items on
pages 61 and 88 and would be grateful for any information to
enable us to do so.
We are grateful to the following illustrators: Juiie Anderson for
pp. 3 2 . 7 2 . 79 r; James Bartholomew for pp. 18 b, 27 r, 3 4 . 4 2 . 6 2 .
97 t, 1 0 5 1; Kathy Baxendale for pp. 1 4 . 47 (. 48 b. 6 4 , 80 b, 90 /,
9 9 . 1 1 3 1; Phil Healey for pp. 27 /, 39 /, 48 t, 8 1 , 9 1 . 1 0 6 , 1 1 1 ; Sue
Hillwood-Harris for pp. 28 r, 79 1. 80 t, 1 1 2 : Amanda MacPhail for
pp. 28 /, 3 6 , 5 6 , 6 9 . 8 2 . 97 b, 1 2 5 ; Bill Piggins for pp. 8, 2 0 ,
47 h, 5 4 , 5 9 , 7 0 . 8 7 , 1 1 0 ; Sam Thompson for pp. 18 t, 3 0 , 3 3 ,
39 r, 4 9 , 7 1 . 90 r. 1 0 5 r. 1 1 3 r; Rosemarv Woods for D. 1 0 8 .
Picture research by Hilary Fletcher.
Design by Newton H f r i s .