By

Hamid Ch
 The aim of this course is to
Introduce the basic theory of digital
processing of images.
Expose students to the latest knowledge of
satellite remote sensing
Expose students to exciting applications of
image processing.
 The Nature of Remote Sensing, overview of remote sensing, sensors, images
and data systems
Optical Radiation Models, optical physics of atmosphere, surface reflectance
Sensor Models, imaging, quantization, resolution
Data Models, multivariate statistical descriptions, spatial statistics, influence of
the atmosphere, terrain and sensor on data
Spectral Transforms, multispectral ratios, principal components,
vegetationindices
Spatial Transforms, filtering, Fourier transforms, resolution pyramids
Correction and Calibration, noise removal, geometric rectification, radiometric
calibration
Image Registration and Fusion, spatial correlation, stereo analysis,
multisensor fusion
Thematic Classification, statistical classifiers, neural networks, supervised and
unsupervised training
 Remote Sensing - Models and Methods for Image
Processing, Robert A. Schowengerdt.
Mather, P (2004). Computer processing of remotely
sensed images. Third Edition, J Wiley.
Lillesand, T. M. and Kiefer, R. W. Remote Sensing
and Image Interpretation, 5th edition. (John Wiley
and Sons),
 Pre-requisites
MSc GIS Semester 1 Course Principles of Remote
Sensing
MSc GIS Semester 3 Course Digital Image
Processing
 Homeworks:
Both written as well as Lab assignments

Software
Erdas Imagine

Lectures 32 of 90 minutes each

One in-class midterm
Final
No grade for attendance ?????????
Short Quizzes
 Remote sensing is the science of acquiring,
processing and interpreting images that
record the interaction between electro
magnetic energy and matter.

Remote sensing is the science and art of

obtaining information about an object, area,
or phenomena through the analysis of data
acquired by a device that is not in contact
with the object, area, or phenomena under
investigation
 Remote sensing is the instrumentation,
techniques and methods to observe the
Earths surface at a distance and to
interpret the images or numerical values
obtained in order to acquire meaningful
information of particular objects on Earth.
 Data are acquired to yield information for

management purposes:
Water management

Land management

Resource management
 By data we mean representations that can
be operated upon by a computer

By information we mean data that has

been interpreted by human beings.
 Why those methods used to collect
georeferenced, or geo-spatial data. i.e.
An agronomist is interested in forecasting the
overall agricultural production of a large area.
An urban planner needs to identify areas in which
dwellings have been built legally.
An engineer needs to determine the optimal
configuration for siting of relay stations for a
telecommunication company
A mining engineer is asked to explore an area and to
provide a map of the surface mineralogy.
A climatologist would like to understand the causes
of EL Nio phenomenon.
 All GIS developers, one way or another, deal with

georeferenced data. They might be involved in the

collection of data, processing of data, analysis of

data or actually using the data for decision

making.
In principle, there are two main
categories of spatial data acquisition:

Ground based methods:

Remote Sensing (RS) Methods
 Although RS data can be interpreted and processed without other
information.
How ever best results are obtained by linking RS measurements to ground
(or surface) measurements and observations.
 DATA ACQUISITION DATA ANALYSIS
Reference
data

Pictorial Visual

Numerical Quantitative
Users

Sources of
energy
Sensor systems Data products Interpretation Information
procedures products
Propagation
through
atmosphere Re-transmission
through atmosphere

Reflection on surface features

 To recognize macro-patterns which may not be visible
from ground
To gain an OVERVIEW of an area

To gather information on large areas in short time

To gather information cost-effectively

To gather information on inaccessible places

To replace conventional sources of information (topo
sheets, census data etc.)
Mangla Satellite Image (185 x 185 km, Midium Resolution) Snow
Mangla Lake 2005 Satellite Image
Mangla Catchment
Islamabad
Kahuta
Rawal Lake
Different sediment zones

Mangla Dam

Jhelum River

Upper Jehlum Canal

Chenab River
Lower Jehlum Canal
 Mangla Lake Satellite Image

2000 Mangla Lake 1975 Mangla Lake

Massive sediment deposits

Significant decrease in storage capacity

Visual Interpretation (High Resolution)
Visual Interpretation (High Resolution)
Laser and Radar Scanning
Sea Surface Temperature (Low Resolution)

Sea Surface Temperature as determined from NOAA-AVHRR data

Ocean and Land Biomass (Low Resolution)

Ocean (and land) biomass as determined from Orbview-3 data

Classified (Low Resolution)
standardized seasonal greenness patterns
 Disasters
Reducing loss of life and
property from natural Health
and human induced Understanding environmental
Energy disasters. factors affecting human
Improving management of health and well being.
energy resources.

Biodiversity
Weather Understanding, monitoring
Improving weather information, and conserving biodiversity.
forecasting and warning.

Agriculture
Climate Water
Supporting sustainable
agriculture and combating
Understanding, predicting,
Improving water resource desertification.
mitigating and adapting to
climate variability
management through better Ecosystems
understanding of Improving the management
and change.
the water cycle. and protection of terrestrial,
coastal and
marine ecosystems.