Design and installation

of rock socketed piles for

marine structures

Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

November 14, 2013

Fugro 2013 www.fugro.com

Contents Menu

Introduction of Fugro
Design of rock socketed piles
Drilling and installation of rock socketed piles
Cases
Questions and answers

ate www.fugro.com

1
Funderings en Grond Mechanica

Founded in 1962, Fugro provides the people, equipment, expertise and

technology that support the exploration, development, production and
transportation of the worlds natural resources.
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Client Sectors

Oil & Gas Mining Building and Infrastructure

Sustainable Energy Public Sector Other Sectors

We align our service offer with six key client sectors, providing support and
resources tailored to the specific needs of each. This enables us to deliver
multi-disciplined, cross-divisional solutions anywhere in the world.

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2
Survey Services

Fugro provides the energy sector, commercial and engineering industries,

governments and other agencies with offshore survey and geospatial services
tailored to the specific needs of each client.
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Geotechnical Services

Fugro investigates the engineering properties and geologic characteristics of

near-surface soils and rocks, advises on foundation design and provides
construction materials testing, pavement management and installation support.
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3
Local Presence Global Integration

Through our international network of offices and facilities, we deliver local

expertise, specialist disciplines, pioneering technologies and world-class
resources that combine to provide unified support for large scale projects.
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People & Technology

Fugro provides a highly competent, well-trained workforce of over 12,000

people. Their specialist knowledge, together with the latest equipment and
technology, enables us to deliver practical and proven solutions.
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 Design of Rock Socketed Piles
for Marine Structures

Aditya Ayithi, Ph.D.

FUGRO-LOADTEST

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ApplicationsofRockSocketedBoredPiles
Bridges
PiersandDocks
Dolphins
Jetties
CraneFoundations
UtilityTowers
Pipelines
OffshoreOilFacilities
WindTurbines
QuayWall
(SecantorSoldier Piles)
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Piers,Docks,Dolphins,andJetties
CompressiveLoads:
Selfweight
Deckdead/liveload

Lateralloads:
Berthingimpactloads
(equivalentstatic)
Pullofmooringforces
Wind/Waveforces
Momentdueto
cantileveronpile
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JettiesandDolphins
Foundations of Approach
structure and Berthing
structure for Vessels

Milford Haven Dolphin

by Fugro Seacore
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WindTurbineFoundations

FreeBody
Diagram

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QuayWall

SecantPiles

SoldierPiles
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 BridgeFoundations

RajivGandhi
(Bandra Worli)SeaLink
Mumbia,India

Cooper RiverBridge
SouthCarolina,USA

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RockSocketedBoredPiles(DrillShafts)Design
MajorPileResistances:
Axialresistance
Lateralresistance

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 Pile DesignPhilosophy

Loadsfrom Prelim
Structural InitialPile
Geotechnical
Engineer Design
Investigation

Pastexperience,sitegeology,Eng. DesignMethods:
Geophysics,insitutesting,Bore FHWA,BS,Canadian,
HoleImaging,labtesting ISCodeetc.

CalibratedFinal FullScale
Proof
Designbasedon LoadTests
Loading
PileLoadTests

QC&QA,Working AdvanceSiteInvestigation,Quality TopDown,

pileStaticTest, CoreRecovery,DesignOptimization BidirectionalOcell
RIMcell
www.fugro.com

Pile DesignPhilosophy

Loadsfrom Prelim
Structural InitialPile
Geotechnical
Engineer Design
Investigation

Pastexperience,sitegeology,Eng. DesignMethods:
Geophysics,insitutesting,Bore FHWA,BS,
HoleImaging,labtesting Canadianetc.

CalibratedFinal FullScale
Proof
Designbasedon LoadTests
Loading
PileLoadTests

QC&QA,Working AdvanceSiteInvestigation,Quality TopDown,

pileStaticTest, CoreRecovery,DesignOptimization BidirectionalOcell
RIMcell
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PrelimGeotechnicalInvestigation:
SeismicRefractionTomography
Bedrock Mapping

Sand Overburden

Weathered
Bedrock

More
Competent
Bedrock
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PrelimGeotechnical
Investigation:
RockPropertiesRequired:
(designmethoddependent)

EngineeringProperties:
Uniaxialcompressivestrength
(qu orc)
Elasticmodulusofintactrock(Ei)
Splittensilestrength(qt ort)
Pointloadstrength

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PrelimGeotechnicalInvestigation:

IndexProperties:
RockQualityDesignation(RQD)

length of sound core pieces 4 inches

RQD
total length of core run

FHWAdesignmethod:
Sideshearandbearingresistance
reducedbasedonRQD
(lowerRQDindicates
morejointsandfractures)

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PrelimGeotechnicalInvestigation:
RockMassRatingHongKongdesignmethodsaredependentonRMR

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 PrelimGeotechnicalInvestigation:
OpticalBorehole
Imager(OBI)
DigitalCCDcamera3600
boreholewallpicture
Rotatingultrasonic
transmitter
Identificationof
lithology
Determinationof
beddingdip
Detectionand
evaluationof
openandclosedjoints

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Pile DesignPhilosophy

Loadsfrom Prelim
Structural InitialPile
Geotechnical
Engineer Design
Investigation

Pastexperience,sitegeology,Eng. DesignMethods:
Geophysics,insitutesting,Bore FHWA,BS,
HoleImaging,labtesting Canadianetc.

CalibratedFinal FullScale
Proof
Designbasedon LoadTests
Loading
PileLoadTests

QC&QA,Working AdvanceSiteInvestigation,Quality TopDown,

pileStaticTest, CoreRecovery,DesignOptimization BidirectionalOcell
RIMcell
www.fugro.com

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RatioofMeasured/EstimatedCapacity
15 37
M/E=25
OneofFLTsfirstmajordiscoveries!
(Howdesignershandleuncertainty
i.e.lowerexpectationsorestimates)

10 104 31

105

M/E
35
5 128

38 127 128=LOADTESTProject
40
Referenceno.
95 75 109 88 28 29
106 45 74 94 25
46 89
1 25 44 123

SofttoHardSoils Intermediate HardRock

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RatioofMeasured/EstimatedCapacity
15 OneofFLTsfirstmajordiscoveries! 37
M/E=25

(Howdesignershandleuncertainty
i.e.lowerexpectationsorestimates
leadingtohighercosts,lowervalue)

10 104 31

105

M/E
35
5 128

38 127
Wasted value due
40
to uncertainty and
95 75 109 88 28 29
106 45 74 94 25
89
complacency
46
1 25 44 123

SofttoHardSoils Intermediate HardRock

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 InitialPileDesign:
AxialCapacityCriteriaRu =qs As +qp Ap
Sideshear(shaft)resistanceonly
Tipresistanceonly
Combinationofboth qu 0.5
q s = 0.65 a E p a (AASHTO)
SideShearResistance:
'


' p
qu f cwhere f c isconcretestrength a
E isstrengthreductionfactor

E m canbeestimated
E i fromRQD

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AxialCapacityCriteria
TipResistance:
q = s + (m s +s(AASHTO)
p )qu
s,marefracturedrockparameters

qp = 2.5 qu if2Bdepthrockbelowtipisintactortightly
jointedrock
SideShearissignificantlydependentonconstruction
methodandadditionalresistancecanbeachievedby
grooving.
Propertipcleaningbyairliftorpumpisveryimportant.
Tipcleanlinesscanbevisuallyverifiedusingadownhole
cameraorinspectionbell(SIDorMiniSID)
Fortipresistanceestimation,Canadiandesignmethod
alsoconsidersqu
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ShaftInspectionDevice,MiniSID(wetshafts)
Inspectbottomto GPE,Inc.
checksediments
Airchamberwith
videocamera

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MiniSIDVideoInspection

Dirty,ClayLumps

Clean(corehole)

IncludesWaterJets&
DebrisDepthIndicator

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Downhole Camera(dryshaftinspection)

Camerarotatesand
gimbals180

GPE, Inc.

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AxialCapacityCriteria
BothSideShearandTip
Resistancesareconsidered:
Designerneedtoevaluatethe
significantreductioninside
resistanceduetotipresistance
mobilizationdisplacement.
x1

RockType SkinFriction(kPa) Bearing(kPa)

Weaklimestone 45 5100
Weathered 120 280 4900
Mudstone
WeakSandstone 200 3000
Weaksiltstone 5501030 5600 www.fugro.com

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 Pile DesignPhilosophy

Loadsfrom Prelim
Structural InitialPile
Geotechnical
Engineer Design
Investigation

Pastexperience,sitegeology,Eng. DesignMethods:
Geophysics,insitutesting,Bore FHWA,BS,
HoleImaging,labtesting Canadianetc.

CalibratedFinal FullScale
Proof
Designbasedon LoadTests
Loading
PileLoadTests

QC&QA,Working AdvanceSiteInvestigation,Quality TopDown,

pileStaticTest, CoreRecovery,DesignOptimization BidirectionalOcell
RIMcell
www.fugro.com

FullScaleAxialCompressiveLoadTests
DesignMethodsforrocksocketedpilesarevery
conservative
Anystandardpracticemethodallowstoincreasethe
axialcapacitybasedonfullscaleloadtests
Twotypesofcompressiveloadtests
TopDowntest(limitedload~45MNMaximum)
Osterbergcell(Ocell)test(322MNworldrecord)

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 ReactionSystem
Osterberg CellTest
P =F+Q O =F=Q=P/2 O1 =F1 =(F2+Q)

TypicalforRock
SocketedPiles
F1
F F

O1

F2
O
Q Q Q
ConventionalTest

OcellInstrumentation
OcellExpansion
Transducers
TopofOcellTelltales
PileTopDeflection
PileBottomTelltales
ShaftStrainGauges
EmbeddedShaft
CompressionTransducers
Ocelltestsrequiresno
reactionsystem best
optionformarinepile
testing
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OcellSeparatesBearingfromSideShear
Top Down O-cell Test
Test
P

Overburden

Rock
O

UncertainDistribution LessDistributionUncertainty
PoorRockMobilization FullLoadintoRockSocket
MayNeedModelShaft CanTestFullScale
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19
 Pile DesignPhilosophy

Loadsfrom Prelim
Structural InitialPile
Geotechnical
Engineer Design
Investigation

Pastexperience,sitegeology,Eng. DesignMethods:
Geophysics,insitutesting,Bore FHWA,BS,
HoleImaging,labtesting Canadianetc.

CalibratedFinal FullScale
Proof
Designbasedon LoadTests
Loading
PileLoadTests

QC&QA,Working AdvanceSiteInvestigation,Quality TopDown,

pileStaticTest, CoreRecovery,DesignOptimization BidirectionalOcell
RIMcell
www.fugro.com

CalibratedFinalDesign:

OptimizationofFinalDesigns
Basedonfullscaleloadtests,finaldesignscanbe
optimizedwhichcanresultinsignificantcostsavings

CalibratedDesignfortheWholeSite
LoadtestthepiletofailureviaOcelltest
Performadvancesiteinvestigation
Qualitycorerecovery
BasedontheadvancerockcharacterizationandOcell
testresults,calibrateddesignscanbedeveloped.

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20
 Pile DesignPhilosophy

Loadsfrom Prelim
Structural InitialPile
Geotechnical
Engineer Design
Investigation

Pastexperience,sitegeology,Eng. DesignMethods:
Geophysics,insitutesting,Bore FHWA,BS,
HoleImaging,labtesting Canadianetc.

CalibratedFinal FullScale
Proof
Designbasedon LoadTests
Loading
PileLoadTests

QC&QA,Working AdvanceSiteInvestigation,Quality TopDown,

pileStaticTest, CoreRecovery,DesignOptimization BidirectionalOcell
RIMcell
www.fugro.com

ProofTestingAnyPileviaRIMCell
RIMcellpressurizespilecrosssection
Fullscalestaticbidirectionaltest
InstallaRIMcellinanypile
Economicaltesting
QA/QCdeviceeliminatesuncertainty
Endbearingengagedduringtest,stiffens
shaftresponseunderload

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 RIM-CELL
TESTING

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ProofTestingAnyPileviaRIMCell
PROOFTEST
Installineverypile
Loadshaftstodesignloadorhigher
(2000 5000psi)
Eliminateuncertaintyofsite
variability
UsehigherLRFDfactors
Detect/remediateasofttoe

POSTSTRESSING
Consolidateloosematerialatshaft
toe
Engageendbearingwithoutlosing
sideshear
Limitsettlementatserviceload
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 Wittpen Bridge, NJ

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LateralResistance
CriticalDesignIssues:
Maximumbendingmoment
Magnitudeofdeflection

Analysis:
pycurves typicalbasedonsoil
type&strengthorfrom SAND
instrumentedlateralloadtest

PopularSoftware:
COM624,LPILE,FBMultiPier CLAY

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Thank You

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