Answers

1A 1C
Answers
Answers
Chapter 1 Exercise 1B
1 a 4.78 10 b 6.728 103
Exercise 1A c 7.923 10 d 4.358 104
1 a x7 b a2 c x3 d y4 e 2.3 103 f 5.6 107
1
g 1.200 034 10 h 5.0 107
e x12 f p7 g a 6 h a8 i 2.3 1010 j 1.3 109
12
i y14 j x15 ka l x2 k 1.65 105 l 1.4567 105
7
m n2 n 8x 2 oa p x4 2 a 1.0 108 b 1.67 1024
1 c 5 105 d 1.853 18 103
q r 8x2 s a2 b5 t 1
2n6 e 9.461 1012 f 2.998 1010
4 1
2 a 5 b4 c d 3 a 81 280 000 000 000 b 270 000 000
3 4
6 c 0.000 000 000 000 28
e f3 g 12 h 16
7 4 a 4.569 102 b 3.5 104
3 c 5.6791 103 d 4.5 102
i 27 j k1 l8
2 e 9.0 102 f 4.5682 103
3 a 18.92 b 79.63 c 5.89 262
d 125 000 e 0.9 f 1.23 5 a 0.000 0567 b
2625
g 0.14 h 1.84 i 0.4 6 a 11.8 b 4.76 107
4 a a4 b7 b 64a4 b7 c b
a2 b5 Exercise 1C
d a6 b9 e 2a4 b7 f
128 8 20
5 22n4 1 a x= b x = 48 c x=
3 3
6 63x d x = 63 e x = 0.7 f x = 2.4
11 15
6 11 5 g x = 0.3 h x = 6 i x=
7 a b a 20 c 26 92
2 21
19 3 j x=
d 26 e 25 17
1 5 1 1
8 a b c ab 5 160
a3 b a2 b2 2 a x= b x = 19.2 c x = 4
b1 5 1 1 3 9
2
d e a 2 b 2 c4 f a5 b5 80 85
a d x= e x = 6.75 f x=
7 51 38
g a4 b 2 c5
487 191
g x= h x=
13 91
Cambridge Senior Maths AC/VCE ISBN 978-1-107-56765-8 Evans et al. 2016 Cambridge University Press
Specialist Mathematics 1&2 Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party.
Answers 699
5(F 32)
Answers
18 14 16 18 3 a 82.4 F bC= ; 57.22 C
3 a x= ,y= b x= ,y= 9
13 13 11 11
c x = 12, y = 17 d x = 8, y = 2 S
4 a 1080 b n= + 2; 9 sides
e x = 0, y = 2 f x = 1, y = 6 180
5 a 115.45 cm3 b 12.53 cm c 5.00 cm
Exercise 1D 6 a 66.5 b 4 c 11
1 a 4(x 2) = 60; x = 17 Exercise 1G
2x + 7 2
b = 49; x = 10.5 13x 5a h 5x 2y
4 1 a b c d
29 6 4 8 12
1D 1G
c x 5 = 2(12 x); x = d y = 6x 4
3 3y + 2x 7x 2
e f
e Q = np f R = 1.1pS xy x(x 1)
60n 5x 1 7x2 36x + 27
g = 2400 h a = (x + 3) g h
5 3 (x 2)(x + 1) 2(x + 3)(x 3)
2 $2500 4x + 7 5a2 + 8a 16
i j
3 Eight dresses and three handbags (x + 1)2 8a
4 8.375 m by 25.125 m 4(x2 + 1) 2x + 5
k l
5 $56.50 5x (x + 4)2
6 Nine 3x + 14 x + 14
m n
7 20, 34 and 17 (x 1)(x + 4) (x 2)(x + 2)
7x2 + 28x + 16 (x y)2 1
8 Annie 165, Belinda 150, Cassie 189 o p
(x 2)(x + 2)(x + 3) xy
9 15 km/h
4x + 3 3 2x
10 2.04 1023 g q r
x1 x2
11 30 pearls
xy 2 x
12 Oldest $48, Middle $36, Youngest $12 2 a 2xy2 b c d 2
8 x y
13 98% a 1 x1
14 25 students e f g h x+2
3 2x x+4
15 After 20 minutes x1 a 2x x1
i j k l
16 a 40 minutes b 90 minutes c 20 minutes x 4b x+2 4x
17 200 km x+1 1
m n x(x + 3)
18 39 km/h 2x 3
x2
o
Exercise 1E 3x(3x 2)(x + 5)
1 140.625 km 2 50 3 10 000 adults 3 4x 14
3 a b 2
4 Men $220; boys $160 5 127 and 85 x3 x 7x + 12
6 252 litres 40% and 448 litres 15% 5x 1 2x2 + 10x 6
c d
7 120 and 100; 60 8 $370 588 x + x 12
2 x2 + x 12
9 500 adults, 1100 students 2x 9 5x 8
e f
x2 10x + 25 (x 4)2
Exercise 1F
1 23 3x
1 a 25 b 330 c 340.47 d 1653.48 g h 2
3x x + x 12
e 612.01 f 77.95 g 2.42 h 2.1 5x2 3x 11 2x
i 9.43 j 9.54 i j 2
x2 9 x 10x + 25
vu 2S 2A
2 a a= b `= a c b= 12 9x 25
k l 2
rt n h
(x 6)3 x 7x + 12
P 2(s ut)
d I= e a= 3x 2 x4+6 5
R t2 4 a b c
r
2E Q 2
z 1x 3 x4 x+4
f v= g h= h x= x+7 12x2 9x2 (x + 2)
m 2g y d e f
b(c + y) b(c + 1) x+4 x+4 2 x+3
i x= j x= 6x 4 3 3 3x
ac mc 5 a b c
2 2 2
(6x 3) 3 (2x + 3) 3 (x 3) 3
700 Answers
1H 1 review
Exercise 1H 5 106 seconds or 11 31

54
days
mn b bc 6 50
1 a x= b x= c x=
a ba a 7 12
5 m+n ab 8 88 classical, 80 blues, 252 heavy metal
d x= e x= f x=
pq nm 1b V 117
9 a 300 cm3 b h = 2; cm
a2 b2 r 5
g x = 3a h x = mn i x= r r
2ab V 128 8 2
c r= ; cm = cm
pq 3ab 1 h
j x= k x= l x=
p+q ba 3a b b a+b
10 a x= b x=
p2 + p2 t + t2 5a a+y c
m x= n x=
q(p + t) 3 2ab ab + b2 d d2
Answers
c x= d x=
d bc c ad ba d(a + b)
4 a x= ,y=
1 ab 1 ab p2 + q2 x+y
11 a 2 b
a2 + ab + b2 ab p q2 x(y x)
b x= ,y=
a+b a+b 2
c (x 2)(2x 1) d
t+s ts a
c x= ,y= d x = a + b, y = a b 12 A 36; B 12; C 2
2a 2b
e x = c, y = a f x = a + 1, y = a 1 13 a a = 8, b = 18 b x = p + q, y = 2q
2a2 14 x = 3.5
5 a s = a(2a + 1) b s=
1a 40cx2
a2 + a + 1 a 15 a 4n2 k2 b
c s= d s= ab2
a(a + 1) (a 1)2 16 x = 1
3a Multiple-choice questions
e s = 3a3 (3a + 1) f s=
a+2 1 A 2 A 3C 4 A 5B
1 5a2 6 E 7 B 8B 9 B 10 B
g s = 2a2 1 + 2 h s= 2
a a +6
Extended-response questions
Exercise 1I 1 a
5x
hours b
4x
hours c
19x
hours
4 7 28
1 a x=ab b x=7 14
d i x= 0.737
a a2 + 4ab 4b2 a+c 19
c x= d x=
2 2 140 560
2 a (x 1)(x + 1)(y 1)(y + 1) ii Jack 7 km; Benny 29 km
19 19
b (x 1)(x + 1)(x + 2) 2 a 18 000 cm3 per minute
c (a2 12b)(a2 + 4b) 45t
b V = 18 000t c h = d After
d (a c)(a 2b + c) 4
a+b+c a+b 3a
3 a x= ,y= 3 a Thomas a; George ; Sally a 18;
a+b c 2
a 5a
(a b c) ab+c Zeb ; Henry
b x= ,y= 3 6
a+bc a+bc 3a a 5a
b + a 18 + = a + +6
2 3 6
Chapter 1 review c a = 24; Thomas 24; Henry 20; George 36;
Technology-free questions Sally 6; Zeb 8
11
1 a x12 b y9 c 15x d x1 Fr2 1011
2
4 a 1.9 108 N b m1 =
8 6.67m2
2 3.84 10
c 9.8 1024 kg
2x + y 4y 7x
3 a b 5 a V = (1.8 107 )d b 5.4 108 m3
10 xy
c k = 9.81 10 3
d 1.325 1015 J
7x 1 7x + 20 e 1202 days (to the nearest day)
c d
(x + 2)(x 1) (x + 2)(x + 4)
10 3
13x2 + 2x + 40 3(x 4) 6 cm
e f 3
2(x + 4)(x 2) (x 2)2 7 40
2 x4 x2 4 240
4 a b c d 4x2 8 km/h
x 4x 3 11
Answers 701
Answers
9 a h = 20 r 5 x
r3 p
b i V = 20r 2
q
3 r t
X u Y
ii r = 5.94 cm; h = 14.06 cm w
s
v
2 1
10 a litre from A; litre from B
3 3 a {p, q, u, v} b {p, r, w} c {p}
b 600 mL from A; 400 mL from B
d {p, q, r, u, v, w} e {q, r, s, t, u, v, w} f {p}
(p q)(n + m)
c litres from A, 6 x
2(np qm) 5 7 9 11
(n m)(p + q)
2A
2 4 8
litres from B, X 1
2(np qm) 10 Y
3 6 12
n q n q
where , and one of or is 1
m p m p
and the other is 1 a {5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11} b {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11}
11 a h = 2(10 r) b V = 2r2 (10 r) c {1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}
c r = 3.4985, h = 13 or r = 9.022, h = 1.955 d {1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}
e {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12} f {5, 7, 9, 11}
7 a
Chapter 2 A B
A
Exercise 2A
1 x
3 b
A B
1 2 4
A B
5 B
a {4} b {1, 3, 5} c {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} =

d e
c
2 x 1 5 7 11 13
A B
3 2 4 A B
P 6 Q
9 12 8 10
15
14 16
d
a {1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16} A B
b {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15}
A B
c {2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16}
d {1, 5, 7, 11, 13} e {1, 5, 7, 11, 13}
3 1 3 5 e
2 6 4 7 9 A B
B A 8 AB
10 12
11
a {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11}

b {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11} c {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12} f
d {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11} e {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11} A B
(A B)
4 x 11 13 14 17 18 19 21 22 23
16 10
12 20 15
P 24 Q 8 x
25 A
R
a {10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25} B L E
G
b {11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24} A N
c {10, 12, 15, 16, 20, 24, 25}
d {11, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23}
e {11, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23} a {R} b {G, R} c {L, E, A, N}
d {A, N, G, E, L} e {R} f {G, R}
702 Answers
2B 2D
9
M H
f [3, 1]
I A S 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
A B
C T E 4 a y Range [1, )
a {E, H, M, S} b {C, H, I, M} 5
c {A, T} d {H, M} e {C, E, H, I, M, S}
f {H, M}
(4, 1)
Answers
x
O
Exercise 2B
1 a Yes b Yes c Yes
b y Range (, 2]
2 a No b No c No
9 3 3 2 4 2 3
3 a b c d e f (3, 2)
20 11 25 7 11 9
4 a 0.285714 b 0.45 c 0.35 x
5 1
d 0.307692 e 0.0588235294117647 1
5 a
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
c y Range [1, )
b
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 3
c
x
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 3
(4, 1)
d
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
d y Range (, 2]
e
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 (1, 2)
6 a (, 3) b [3, ) c (, 3] 1
x
d (5, ) e [2, 3) f [2, 3] 1 3
g (2, 3] h (5, 3)
Exercise 2C 5 a { x : 5 x 5 }
b { x : x 2 } { x : x 2 }
1 a 8 b8 c 2 d 2 e 2 f 4
c {x : 1 x 2} d { x : 51 < x < 1 }
7 1 12 6
2 a 3, 1 b , c , d 12, 6 e { x : x 4 } { x : x 10 }
2 2 5 5 f {x : 1 x 3}
4 2
e 1, 7 f , 4 g , 4 6 a x 2 b x = 9 or x = 11
3 5 5 15
3 a (3, 3) c x = or x =
4 4
7 a = 1, b = 1
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
b (, 5] [5, ) Exercise 2D

1 a 22 b 2 3 c 33 d 52
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
e 3 5 f 11
10 g 7
2 h 6 3
c [1, 3] i 5 j 5 3 k 16 2

2 a 32 b 6 3 c 4 7
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
d 5 10 e 28 2 f 0
d (1, 5)
3 a 11 3 + 14 b 5 7

5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
c 0 d 2 + 3
e 5 2 + 15 3 f 2+ 5
e (, 8] [2, )
5 7 2
4 a b c
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
5 7 2
2 3 6 2
d e f
3 2 4
Answers 703

4 + 10
Answers
5 50c 0 2 4 6
g 21 h 2+ 3 i 8 10
6
20c 25 20 15 10 5 0
5+ 3
j 62 k l 3( 6 + 5) 6 x = 17, y = 20;
2
m 3+2 2 Solutions of 19x + 98y = 1998 with x, y N

5 a 6+4 2 b 9+4 5 c 1 + 2 are x = 100, y = 1 and x = 2, y = 20
2 3 8+5 3 7 (10, 0), (9, 5), (8, 10), (7, 15), (6, 20), (5, 25),
d 42 3 e f
9 11 (4, 30), (3, 35), (2, 40), (1, 45), (0, 50)
3+ 5 6+5 2 8 63x 23y = 7;
g h
x = 5 + 23t, y = 14 + 63t for t N {0}
2E 2H
2 14
6 a 4a 4 a +1 9 5 and 15
b 3 + 2x + 2 (x + 1)(x + 2)
10 20; 20 + 77t for t N {0}
7 a 53 2 b 72 6
11 Pour two full 5 litre jugs into a container and
3 5 5 8 remove one 3 litre jugful
8 a b c d
2 2 5 3 12 All amounts greater than or equal to 3c,
9 a b = 0, c = 3 b b = 0, c = 12 except 4c and 7c
c b = 2, c = 1 d b = 4, c = 1
13 8 type A, 16 type B
e b = 6, c =1
f b = 7 + 5 5, c = 58 13 5 14 The highest common factor of 6 and 9 is 3,
which does not divide 10
3 2 + 2 3 30
10 15 221 16 52 and 97
12
1 2
11 b 1 2 3 2 3 Exercise 2G
1 a 43 = 8 5 + 3;
Exercise 2E
HCF(43, 5) = HCF(5, 3) = 1
1 a 22 3 5 b 22 132 b 39 = 3 13 + 0;
2
c 2 3 19 d 22 32 52 HCF(39, 13) = HCF(13, 0) = 13
e 22 32 7 f 22 32 52 7 c 37 = 2 17 + 3;
g 25 3 5 11 13 HCF(37, 17) = HCF(17, 3) = 1
h 25 3 7 11 13 d 128 = 16 8 + 0;
i 25 7 11 13 HCF(128, 16) = HCF(16, 0) = 16
j 25 7 11 13 17 3 a 1 b 27 c 6 d 5
2 a 1 b 27 c 5 d 31 e 6 4 a x = 44 + 393t, y = 15 134t, t Z
3 a 18: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18; 36: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 18, 36 b x = 1 + 4t, y = 1 3t, t Z
b 36 is a square number (36 = 6 6) c x = 2 + 4t, y = 118 3t, t Z
c 121 has factors 1, 11 and 121 d x = 1 + 5t, y = 7 + 3t, t Z
4 5, 14 and 15 5 n = 121 e x = 107 + 224t, y = 32 67t, t Z
6 105 7 8 f x = 37 + 336t, y = 25 227t, t Z
84 9 1:12 p.m.
10 600 and 108 000; Exercise 2H
2400 and 27 000; 1 a
3000 and 21 600; H E
5400 and 12 000; 9 5 14
Exercise 2F
1 a x = 2 + 3t, y = 7 11t, t Z b i 19 ii 9 iii 23
b x = 1 + 7t, y = 2t, t Z 2 a A B
c x = 12 + 21t, y = 3 8t, t Z 14
3
d x = 2 + 3t, y = 7 11t, t Z 5 9
e x = 11 + 7t, y = 2t, t Z 2
6
f x = 11 + 7t, y = 2t, t Z 4
2 x = 4, y = 2 7
C
4 a 8s + 6b = 54
b s = 6, b = 1 or s = 3, b = 5 b i 23 ii 37 iii 9
3 20%
704 Answers
2 review
4 7 Multiple-choice questions
5 a 5 b 10 1 A 2 D 3D 4 D 5C
6 45 6 D 7 B 8B 9 C 10 A
7 a x=5 b 16 c 0 11 D 12 D 13 B
8 a Extended-response questions
X Y
22 23 21 3 1 c i 11 + 3
Answers
6
35 34 24 27 12 ii 22 7 or 7 2 2
26 15 iii 3 3 2 6 or 2 6 3 3
29 33 30
31 18 39
28
2 a a = 6, b = 5 b p = 26, q = 16
36 2
32
25 9 c a = 1, b =
3
12 3 19 1 3
1 4 16 d i ii 3 3 iii
Z 49 71 2
e Q = {a + 0 3 : a Q}
b i X Y Z = {36} ii |X Y| = 5 3 d x = 2

9 31 students; 15 black, 12 green, 20 red 5 a b = 4, c = 1 b 2+ 3
10 |M F| = 11 11 1 6 a (20, 21, 29)
12 x = 6; 16 students 13 102 students 7 a i 4 factors ii 8 factors
b n + 1 factors
Chapter 2 review c i 32 factors ii (n + 1)(m + 1) factors
d (1 + 1)(2 + 1) (n + 1) factors
Technology-free questions e 24
7 5 1
1 a b c 8 a 1080 = 23 33 5;
90 11 200
25 200 = 24 32 52 7
81 4 6 b 75 600
d e f
200 15 35 d i 3470, 3472, 3474, 3476
2 23 32 7 ii 1735, 1736, 1737, 1738
3 a n = 2 or n = 4 9 a i region 8
b i x = 1 ii x 0 ii male, red hair, blue eyes
c x< 1
or x > 1 iii male, not red hair, blue eyes
2 6 2 b i 5 ii 182
4 a b 4 5+9 c 2 6+5
2 10 a i students shorter than or equal to 180 cm
5 23 12 3 ii students who are female or taller than

a a2 b2 180 cm
6 a 2 6+6 b iii students who are male and shorter than
b
7 a 15 b 15 or equal to 180 cm
8 a 1 b 22 c 22 b A B
95 10 2 cm2
11 15 7 12 x = 2

51 3
13 5 6 14
5
15 a 57 b3 c 32
(A B) = A B is shaded
16 2 2 + 3
17 HCF(1885, 365) = 5 11 a
A B
18 a x = 4 + 43t, y = 1 9t, t Z 65 35 205
b No solutions for x, y N
20 HCF(10 659, 12 121) = 17 80
21 a x = 3 + 7t, y = 2 5t, t Z 80
b x = 6 + 7t, y = 10 5t, t Z 35 C
c x = 3 + 7t, y = 2 5t, t Z |A C| = 0
22 Tom is 36 and Fred is 27 b 160 c 65 d 0
Answers 705
Answers
12 a 6 5c + 1 8c c k=3 x 1 2 3 6
b 15 8c, 8 5c + 10 8c, 16 5c + 5 8c, 3 1 1
24 5c y 3
4 3 12
1
d k= 1
3 x 1 27 125
Chapter 3 8
2 1 1 1
y
Exercise 3A 3 3 9 15
1 a k=2 x 2 4 6 8 2 a a=
1
b b 5.657
3A 3C
2
y 8 32 72 128
1 3 a a = 0.3125 b b= 2
b k= 1 3
3 x 1 2 4 2.85 kg/cm2
2 2 5 a 2.4 amperes b 25%
1 1 1 2 6 64 candela
y
6 3 2 3
7 5.15 cm
c k=3 x 4 9 49 900 8 a i 75% decrease ii 29% decrease
y 6 9 21 90 iii 87.5% decrease
2 b i 300% increase ii 41% increase
d k= 1
5 x 1 32 1024 iii 700% increase
32 c i 56.25% increase ii 12% increase
1 2 4 8 iii 95% increase
y
5 5 5 5 d i 49% decrease ii 15% decrease
2 a V = 262.144 b r 2.924 iii 64% decrease
3 a a 1.058 b b 5.196
Exercise 3C
4 a 72 cm2 b 20 cm
648 1 a direct b direct square
5 a cm b 1412.5 g c inverse d direct square root
113
e inverse square
6 10.125 kg
2 a y x2 (possibly) b y x3
7 62.035 cm
d y x (possibly)
8 a 300% b 800% c 21%
3 a, b, e
9 52% 3 10 2
4 a y = 3x b y= c y= x
10 1.898 s x 3
11 a 8.616 km b 19.93 km 1
d y=2 x e y= f y = 6x3
12 a i 300% increase ii 41% increase 3 x
iii 700% increase 5 y 6 y
b i 75% decrease ii 29% decrease
iii 87.5% decrease 40 8
c i 36% decrease ii 11% decrease 30 6
iii 48.8% decrease 20 4
10 2
d i 96% increase ii 18% increase
iii 174.4% increase 0
x2 0 x
4 8 12 16 1 2 3 4 5
y = 2.4x2 y = 1.5x
Exercise 3B
1 a k=2 7 y
x 2 4 6 32
1 1 1 50
y 1 40
2 3 16 30
1 20
b k= 1
2 10
x 1 4 9 1
4 0 5 10 15 20 25 x2
1 1 1 2
y 1 y= 2
2 4 6 x
706 Answers
1
3D 3 review
5
8 a y= b y = 2x 4 c y = 3.5x0.4 1 16 4
4
x c When x = , y = ; when y = , x = 3
2 5 2 3 27
d y = 10x 3 e y = 2x 2 f y = 3.2x0.4 1
d a=
9 a a = 100, b = 0.2 b 158.49 6
2 a d = 4.91t2 b 491 m
10 a a = 1500, b = 0.5 b 474.34 c 2 s, correct to one decimal place

Exercise 3D 3 a 14 m/s b 40 m c v and s
4 2.4 hours
1 k=5 x 2 4 6 10
5 a y is halved b x is halved
z 10 2 60 12.5 c y is doubled d x is doubled
y 1 10 0.5 4
1 6 4.05 cents
2 k=
Answers
2 x 2 4 1 10 7 $35
z 10 8 50 3 8 18 amps
y 10 16 25 15 1
9 I2 = I1
3 k=3 x 2 3 5 10 4
10 34% increase
400
z 10 4 50 Multiple-choice questions
3
15 4 1 C 2 A 3 B 4 C 5B
y 6 4 6 D 7 E 8 D 9 D 10 B
2 3
4 a 1.449 Extended-response questions
5 z 0.397 1 a 0.24 kg b 11 cm
6 a 9.8 J/kg.m b 5880 J 2 a h = 0.000 3375n2 b 17.1 m c 218 rpm
7 $174 3 13 knots
8 360 J 121.8
4 a V= b 9.6 kg/cm2
9 a 500% increase b 78% decrease P
10 a 41% increase b 33% increase 3000
5 a w= b 600 kg c 333 kg
d
11 a 183% increase b 466% increase
144
12 a Tensions are the same 6 a v=
p
b Work done by the second spring is 90% of
b i v=2 ii p = 48
the work done by the first
c y
Exercise 3E 12
9
1 $33.40 8
2 a Overhead charge $1250; 1
cost per guest $237.50 0 p
1 1 1
b $25 000 18 16 12
3 p = 20.5 7 44.8 minutes
4 $55.11 8 $76
5 a 330 m b 67.5 m 1
9 S n = n(n + 1)
6 45 minutes 2
10 a P = 3498.544 N 0.5 b 25 956
c 51 023
Chapter 3 review 3600
11 a t = 2 b T = 0.14d2 c 23.9 mL
Technology-free questions d
8 d 6.3 min e 9 min; 56 min
1 a When b = 4, a = 6; when a = 8, b =
3 12 a i T = 0.000 539 R1.501
30 ii Mars 1.87; Jupiter 11.86; Saturn 29.45;
b When x = 27, y = 1 ;
23 Uranus 84.09; Neptune 165.05
1 1 b 2.540 109 km
when y = , x = 13 a a = 11.7, b = 0.41 b 77
8 256 000
c k = 163, p = 1.167 d 7
Answers 707
Chapter 4
Answers
3 a a = 3, d = 4, tn = 4n 1
b a = 3, d = 4, tn = 7 4n
Exercise 4A 1 5
c a = , d = 2, tn = 2n
2 2

1 a 3, 7, 11, 15, 19 b 5, 19, 61, 187, 565
d a = 5 5, d = 5, tn = 5n + 5 2 5
c 1, 5, 25, 125, 625 d 1, 1, 3, 5, 7
e 1, 3, 7, 17, 41 4 a 13 b 8 c 20 d 56
2 a tn = tn1 + 3, t1 = 3 b tn = 2tn1 , t1 = 1 5 a = 2, d = 3, t7 = 16
c tn = 2tn1 , t1 = 3 d tn = tn1 + 3, t1 = 4 6 tn = 156n 450 7 2
e tn = tn1 + 5, t1 = 4 8 54 9 27 3 60
4A 4C
10 a 672 b 91st week
1 1 1
3 a 1, , , b 2, 5, 10, 17 11 a 70 b 94 c Row F
2 3 4
c 2, 4, 6, 8 d 2, 4, 8, 16 12 117
e 5, 8, 11, 14 f 1, 8, 27, 64 218
13
g 3, 5, 7, 9 h 2, 6, 18, 54 9
4 a tn = 3n b tn = 2n1 14 7, 9, 11, 13
1 a(n 1)
c tn = 2 d tn = 3(2)n1 15 tn = a
n m 1
e tn = 3n + 1 f tn = 5n 1 2 2
16 a 11.5 b
5 tn+1 = 3n + 4, t2n = 6n + 1 7
6 a t1 = 15, tn = tn1 + 3 17 16
b tn = 12 + 3n c t13 = 51 18 5
7 a t1 = 94.3, tn = 0.96tn1 20 3
b tn = 94.3(0.96)n1 c t9 = 68.03
Exercise 4C
8 a t0 = 100, tn = 1.8tn1 + 20
b t1 = 200, t2 = 380, t3 = 704, t4 = 1287, 1 a 426 b 55 c 60 2 d 108
t5 = 2336 2 112
9 a 1st year $2120; 2nd year $2671.20; 3 680
3rd year $3255.47 4 2450
b tn = 1.06(tn1 + 400), t1 = 2120 5 a 14 b 322
c $8454.02
6 a 20 b 280
10 a 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 b 3, 1, 1, 3, 5, 7
7 a 12 b 105
1
c , 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 d 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1 8 a 180 b {9}
2
11 a 1.1, 1.21, 1.4641, 2.144, 4.595, 21.114 9 11
16 32 10 20
b 27, 18, 12, 8, ,
3 9 11 0
c 1, 3, 11, 27, 59, 123 12 a 16.5 km b 45 km c 7 walks d 189 km
d 3, 7, 3, 7, 3, 7
13 a 10 days b 25 per day
12 a t1 = 1, t2 = 2, t3 = 4
14 a 86 b 2600 c 224 d 2376
b u1 = 1, u2 = 2, u3 = 4
e 5 extra rows
c t1 = u1 , t2 = u2 , t3 = u3
d t4 = 8, u4 = 7 15 $176 400
13 S 1 = a + b, S 2 = 4a + 2b, S 3 = 9a + 3b, 16 a = 15, d = 3, t6 = 0, S 6 = 45
S n+1 S n = 2an + a + b 17 2160
3 17 577 18 266
14 t2 = , t3 = , t4 = ; the number is 2
2 12 408 5 11 46 5
19 a tn = n + b tn = 2 5n
15 t3 = 2, t4 = 3, t5 = 5 4 4 5
n
Exercise 4B 20 a b b (b + bn)
2
1 a 0,2, 4, 6 b 3, 2, 7, 21 t5 = 10, S 25 = 1250
12
c 5, 2 5, 3 5, 4 5 d 11, 9, 7, 5 22 1575d

2 a 31 b 24 c 5 d6 3 23 a S n1 = 23n 3n2 20
b tn = 20 6n c a = 14, d = 6
708 Answers
4D 4 review
24 7, 12, 17 481 835

7 73.44 m
26 4860 6561
27 Sequence of four positive integers such 8 a $18 232.59 b $82 884.47
that 2a + 3d = 50; therefore a = 1 + 3t and 9 Bianca $3247.32; Andrew $3000

d = 16 2t for 0 t 8. (The sequence 15 2
10 a 155 b + 15
25, 25, 25, 25 is included.) 2
28 60 (the equilateral case is included with 11 a 8 b { n : n > 19 }
common difference 0) x2m+2 + 1
12
x2 + 1
Exercise 4D 13 a 54976 km b 43 times
1 a 3, 6, 12, 24 b 3, 6, 12, 24 14 Option 1: $52 million; Option 2:
Answers
c 10 000, 1000, 100, 10 $45 040 000 million

d 3, 9, 27, 81
5 1 Exercise 4F
2 a b c 32 d a x+5
567 256 5 3
2 n1 1 a b
4 5
3 a tn = 3 b tn = 2(2)n1
3 1 n1 p2 3
2 Perimeter p ; Area ;
c tn = 2( 5)n1 2 9 4n
2 p2 3
4 a 3 b Sum of perimeters 2p; Sum of areas
5 27
5 t9 3 3333 13 4 Yes
6 a 6 b 9 c 9 d6 e 8 5 Yes, as the number of hours approaches
2 infinity, but the problem becomes unrealistic
7 5
3 after 4 to 5 hours
8 16 2 1
6 S = 8 7
9 a 24 b 12 288 2
8 12 m 9 75 m
10 a 21870 m2 b 9th day
4 1 31 7 37
11 47.46 cm 10 a b c d e 1 f
9 30 3 198 9
12 a $5397.31 b 48th year 1
11 r = , t1 = 16, t2 = 8;
13 a 57.4 km b 14th day 2
14 $5 369 000 1
r = , t1 = 48, t2 = 24
15 a $7092.60 b 12 years 2
5 2
16 $3005.61 17 11.6% p.a. 12 13
8 3
18 t10 = 2048 19 t6 = 729
20 5 weeks Chapter 4 review
21 a 60 b 2.5 c 1 d x 4 y7 Technology-free questions
22 3 or 1 1 a 3, 1, 5, 9, 13, 17
1 5 b 5, 12, 26, 54, 110, 222
23 a =
2 2 a 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
24 a 168.07 mL b 20 times b 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16
a+b
25 a side lengths b side lengths ab 3 a $5250, $6037.50
2 b t1 = 5250, tn = 1.05(tn1 + 500)
Exercise 4E 4 147 5 0.1
6 258.75 7 {12}
57
1 a 5115 b 182 c 8 1 9 1000 1.035n
64 8 8
2 a 1094 b 684 c 7812 10 t2 = 6, t4 = or t2 = 6, t4 =
3 3
3 10 11 96 12 9840
4 7 3
13 14 x = 8 or x = 2
5 a 1062.9 mL b 5692.27 mL c 11 days 4
6 a 49 minutes (to nearest minute) Multiple-choice questions
b 164 minutes c Friday 1 D 2 B 3A 4 A 5B
6 D 7 E 8C 9 E 10 D
Answers 709
Answers
Extended-response questions 13 a = 3, b = , c = 3 or
3
1 a 0.8, 1.5, 2.2, . . . b Yes c 8.5 m 1
a = , b = 3, c = 3
2 a Yes b tn = 25n + 25 c 650 3
3 22 71 km from town A; 9 67 km from town B 14 a = 3, b = 3, c = 1
4 a 20, 36, 52, 68, 84, 100, 116, 132 15 If c = 5, then a = 1 and b = 5;
b T n = 16n + 4 c Yes, size 12 if c = 27, then a = 3 and b = 3
5 a Dn = 7n 5 b 27
Exercise 5B
6 472 mm 7 520
1 a x=1 b x=3
5A 5B
8 a 99.9999 mg b 100 mg
1 30 2
9 a m b 1.499 m c x=1 d x=1
729 5 2
No, maximum height of water is 1.5 m 3 2 13 145
e x = 1 f x=
10 a 27.49 b 1680.8 2 12
9 25 25
11 a 7 19 m b 405 m 2 a m> b m< c m=
4 4 32
12 264 1 = 1.845 1019 d m 6 or m 6 e 4 < m < 4
13 a i tn = 3750 + 250n f m = 0 orm = 16
ii S n = 3875n + 125n2 1 32t + 1 1
iii n = 22 3 a x= , t
4
32
T 4000 1 t + 3
iv m = +1 b x= , t 3
250 2
v p = 51
2 5t 46 46
b i S n = 37 500(1.08n 1) c x= , t
ii QB QA = 37 500(1.08n 1) 3875n 5 5
5t(t 2)
125n2 ; n = 18 d x = 2 , t < 0 or t 2
1 n1 3 n1 p t
14 a 3n1 b c p p + 64
2
2 4 4 a x=
d Area of white region approaches zero 2
1 n1 8 n1 b p = 0 and p = 6
15 a 8n1 b c 5 a = (3p 4)2
3 9
d Area of white region approaches zero 4
b p=
3
1
c i x = 1 or x = ii x = 1 or x = 2
Chapter 5 2
5
iii x = 1 or x =
2
Exercise 5A 6 a = 16(2p 3)2
1a = 10, b = 0, c = 7 3
b p=
2a = 1, b = 2 2
3 1 1 3
3a = 2, b = 1, c = 7 c i x = or x = ii x = or x =
2 2 2 10
4a = 2, b = 1, c = 3 1 3
iii x = or x =
5(x + 2)2 4(x + 2) + 4 2 14
7 x=2
6(x + 1)3 3(x + 1)2 + 3(x + 1) 1
8 side length 37.5 cm
7a = 1, b = 2, c = 1
9 a x = 4 or x = 36 b x = 16 c x = 49
8a It is impossible to find a, b and c such that d x = 1 or x = 512 e x = 27 or x = 8
a = 3, 3ab = 9, 3ab2 = 8 and ab3 + c = 2 f x = 16 or x = 625
b a = 3, b = 1, c = 5 5 13 13
10 a = 3, b = , c = ; Minimum
9 a = 1, b = 6, c = 7, d = 1 6 12 12
5 ab
10 a If a = b and a = 3b, then both a and b 12 x = 1 or x =
3 bc
are zero, but then a + b = 1 is not satisfied 13 m=8
b (n + 1)(n + 2) 3(n + 1) + 1 14 a = (a c)2 + 2b2 0
11 a ax2 + 2abx + ab2 + c b a = c and b = 0
b 2 b2
b a x+ +c 15 8 < k < 0
2a 4a
16 p = 10
710 Answers
5C 5E
Exercise 5C 6 a
1

1
b
2
+
3
18 2(x 1) 2(x + 1) 5(x 2) 5(x + 3)
1 a b x = 6 or x = 3 1 2
x(x + 3) c +
2 x = 30 or x = 25 x2 x+5
3 17 and 19 2 1
d
40 40 5(2x 1) 5(x + 2)
4 a hours b hours c 10 km/h 3 1 2 2
x x2 e f
600 600 3x 2 2x + 1 x1 x
Answers
5 a Car km/h; Plane + 220 km/h 1 3x 2 x

x x g + h + 2
b Car 80 km/h; Plane 300 km/h x x2 + 1 x x +4
6 x = 20 1 1 7 3
i j
7 6 km/h 4(x 4) 4x 4(x 4) 4x
8 a x = 50 b 72 minutes 1 1 3 1
k x+ l x 1
9 Slow train 30 km/h; Express train 50 km/h x x1 x 2x
2 x4
10 60 km/h m +
3(x + 1) 3(x2 + 2)
11 Small pipe 25 minutes; Large pipe 20 minutes
2 1 1
12 Each pipe running alone takes 14 minutes n +
3(x 2) 3(x + 1) (x + 1)2
13 Rail 43 km/h; Sea 18 km/h 2 1 8 5
14 22 km o + p
x x2 + 4 2x + 3 x + 2
15 10 litres 26 1 1
q +
16 32.23 km/h, 37.23 km/h
9(x + 2) 9(x 1) 3(x 1)2
17 a a + a2 24a minutes, 16 8 4
r +
a 24 + a2 24a minutes 9(2x + 1) 9(x 1) 3(x 1)2
b i 84 minutes, 60 minutes 1 3
ii 48 minutes, 24 minutes s x2+ +
4(x + 2) 4(x 2)
iii 36 minutes, 12 minutes 1 2 3 7
iv 30 minutes, 6 minutes t x + u
x+1 x1 x + 1 3x + 2
18 a 120 km b 20 km/h, 30 km/h
Exercise 5E
Exercise 5D 1 1
2 3 1 2 1 a (1, 1), (0, 0) b (0, 0), ,
1 a + b 3 + 13 2 2
x1 x+2 x + 1 2x + 1 3 13
c , 4 + 13 , , 4 13
2 1 1 3 2 2
c + d +
x+2 x2 x+3 x2 2 a (13, 3), (3, 13) b (10, 5), (5, 10)
3 8 c (8, 11), (11, 8) d (9, 4), (4, 9)
e e (9, 5), (5, 9)
5(x 4) 5(x + 1)
2 9 3 a (11, 17), (17, 11) b (37, 14), (14, 37)
2 a + c (14, 9), (9, 14)
x 3 (x 3)2
4 2 3 4 (0, 0), (2, 4)
b + + 5 + 5 5 + 5 5 5 5 5
1 + 2x 1 x (1 x)2 5 , , ,
4 4 2 2 2 2 2
c + + 15 5
9(x + 1) 9(x 2) 3(x 2)2 6 , , (3, 1)
2 2x + 3 x+1 2 2 2
3 a + b 2 + 130 + 802 60 + 642
x + 1 x2 + x + 1 x +2 x+1 7 , ,
x2 1 41 41
c 2 130 802 60 642
x + 1 2(x + 3) ,
41 41
3 2 1 + 21 1 21 1 21 1 + 21

4 3+ +
x1 x2 8 , , ,
5 It is impossible to find A and C such that 2 2 2 2
4
A = 0, C 2A = 2 and A + C = 10 9 ,2
9
Answers 711
65 35
Answers
10 , Extended-response questions
5 5 1 a 24 km/h
1
11 2, a + a(a + 480)
2 b Speed = , a > 0;
2
12 (0, 1), (3, 2) When a = 60, speed = 120 km/h, which is
2 7 1 a very fast constant speed for a train. If we
13 a , b , 0 , (1, 0) choose this as the upper limit for the speed,
3 9 2
3 7 then 0 < a < 60 and 0 < speed < 120
c , d (1, 4), (0, 2)
2 4 c a 1 8 14 22 34 43 56 77 118
a k = 2, k = 1 b 10 < c < 10
5 review 6 revision
14 speed 16 20 24 30 40 48 60 80 120
c p=5
a + a2 + 4abc
2 a
Chapter 5 review 2ac
4
b e.g. a = 3, b = 1, c =
Technology-free questions 3
1 a = 3, b = 2, c = 1 3 a Smaller pipe (b + b 2 ab) minutes;
2 (x 1)3 + 3(x 1)2 + 3(x 1) + 1 Larger pipe (b a + b2 ab) minutes

b Smaller pipe 48 minutes;
5 a x = 4 or x = 3 b x = 1 or x = 2
Larger pipe 24 minutes
2 2 c a 3 8 15 24 35
c x = 2 or x = 5 d x=
2
b 4 9 16 25 36
1 3t 14 t t2 16t
e x= f x=
3 2t
6 x=
3 73
2
Chapter 6
1 2 3 4 Technology-free questions
7 a b +
x3 x+2 x+2 x2 2+3 3( 5 + 1)
1 a b
1 3 1 2
c d + 7 4
2(x 3) 2(x + 5) x5 x+1 4 2+2 3( 5 + 3)
c d
13 13 10
e 7 2
x + 2 x + 3 (x + 2)2 7+ 2 2 5+ 3
e f
4 2 3 5 17
f +
x + 4 x 1 (x 1)2 a5
x+3 2 a |a| > 1, S =
g
1
2
6
h
1
2 a+1
x+1 x +2 x1 x +x+1 1
b |b| < |a|, S =
i
1

3
j
2

16 a+b
3x x+4 7(x 3) 7(x + 4) 1 (2x + 1)2
c x < 1 or x > , S =
1 x 10 3 x(3x + 1)
8 a
x 3 x2 + x + 2 3 1 4x 2
d x > or x < , S =
1 x2 4 4 4x 1
b
4(x + 1) 4(x2 x + 2) 1 5 1 + 5
64 1 3 b i x= ii x =
c 3x + 15 + 2 2
x4 x1 4 a = 7, b = 5, c = 1

9 a (0, 0), (1, 1) b (0, 4), (4, 0) 6 a 576 = 26 32 , 576 = 24
c (1, 4), (4, 1) b 1225 = 52 72 , 1225 = 35
10 (4, 1), (2, 1) c 1936 = 42 112 , 1936 = 44
135 135 d 1296 = 64 , 1296 = 36
11 a t = b t= c x = 60 7 x = b c
x x 15
d 60 km/h, 45 km/h 2ab
8 x=
a+b
Multiple-choice questions
9 (5, 14), (17, 9), (29, 4)
1 C 2D 3 D 4C 5 E
10 Two at $25 and four at $35
6 E 7C 8 D 9B 10 B
11 500
12 a 333 667 b 166 283
712 Answers
1 4
6 revision
13 a = , b = 2, = ; 6 a a = 6000, b = 15 000 b $57 000

3 3 c 2016
1 3
a = , b = 1, = 7 a i 80n + 920
2 2 ii A: 2840 tonnes; B: 2465 tonnes
14 49 hours
iii 40n(n + 24)
15 2 cm iv A: 46 080 tonnes; B: 39 083 tonnes
16 192 g b April 2016
Answers
8 3 8 a 4 b 6 c 8 d 2
17 a 5, 1 b ,0 c 3, d 14, 6
3 5 e i 10 ii Pn = Pn1 + 2 iii Pn = 2n + 2
4 5 15
e 1, 9 f 4, g , iv 1
3 2 2 1 1 1
18 a { x : 2 x 2 } 1
2 2 2
1
1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4 11111111
b { x : x 1 } { x : x 1 } 4 88888888 1
1 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111 1 8
c x: x d { x : 1 < x < 2 } 2 2 4 4 4 4 8 888888 8
2 2 9 a 8x cm b 28 8x cm c 7 2x cm
1 7
e x:x x:x e A
2 2 (5, 84)
1 5
f x: x
3 3
49
Multiple-choice questions (2, 21)
1 E 2B 3 C 4D 5 B x
0
6 A 7C 8 E 9D 10 C 1 2 3 4 5
11 D 12 A 13 C 14 C 15 A f A = 21 when x = 2
16 B 17 D 18 B 19 B 20 B 10 a C = 3500 + 0.5x b I = 1.5x
21 A 22 D 23 A 24 B 25 D c I/C ($) d 3500
I
26 A 27 B 28 A 29 A 30 C C
31 C 32 A 33 E 34 A 35 C
36 C 37 E 38 D 39 C 40 A (3500, 5250)
3500
0 x
1 a 8 b 7.7 c 6 cm d 15 cm
e 5500
2 a a = 0.4, b = 148 f P ($) P represents
b C ($) c $68 d 248 profit
148
(300, 28) 0 x
0 n 3500
-3500
3 a i 178 ii 179 iii 179.5 iv 179.95
b i 180 ii circle 1 25
c 20 11 b i x = ii x =
360 24 24
d n= 12 c 11, 24 and 39
180 A x
e square 13 a r= , x , 1
2 x+1
4 a Volume of hemisphere = t3 , 4 9
3 b i S = ii S = 18 iii S =
3 20
Volume of cylinder = t2 s, 1
1 c x> and x , 0
Volume of cone = t2 w 2
3 a3
b i 6:2:3 ii 54 cubic units 14 a i A= ii 4.5 iii 30
6
R a 3
5 a i OC1 = R r1 ii r1 = b i A1 = ii 486 iii 36
3 12
R R 1 1 5 11
b i OC2 = r2 ii r2 = c i A2 = ii iii
3 9 a b 6 3
1 R iv 99.99 v 999.999
c i r= ii rn = n
3 3 15 a 14 m b tn = 1.5n 1 c 53
R R2 d 330 m
iii S = iv S =
2 8
Answers 713
Answers
16 a i P = 49h ii P (joules) 7 a 6 b 18 c 20 d 15
8 BB, BR, BG, RB, RG, GB, GR, GG
(1, 49) 9 12
10 9
0 11 a 6 b 13
h (m)
iii 1136.8 12 16
b i P = 9.8mh ii 100% increase
iii 50% decrease Exercise 7B
c i 14 ii 42
7A 7D
1 1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 720, 5040, 40 320, 362 880,
d4 3 628 800
17 a i a = 50 000, d = 5000 2 a 5 b 90 c 66 d 161 700
ii 11th month iii 4 950 000 litres n+2
b i qn = 12 000(1.1)n1 3 a n+1 b n+2 c n(n 1) d
(n + 1)!
ii 256 611 litres 4 1, 4, 12, 24, 24
c 31st month
5 DOG, DGO, ODG, OGD, GOD, GDO
18 a i 15.4 million tonnes
6 120
ii 21.7 million tonnes
b tn = 0.9n + 9.1 7 362 880
c 371 million tonnes 8 FR, FO, FG, RF, RO, RG, OF, OR, OG,
d 11.1 years GF, GR, GO
e Pn = 12.5(1.05)n1 9 a 720 b 720 c 360
f 14.2 years 10 a 120 b 120 c 60
19 a 1 hour 35 minutes b 2.5 km 11 20 160
20 a |B0 C 0 T | = |C T |, 12 a 125 b 60
|B C 0 T 0 | = 3|B0 C T 0 |, 13 a 120 b 360 c 720
|B C 0 T | = 4
14 60
b
|x| = 76 15 a 17 576 000 b 11 232 000
T 16 a 384 b 3072
13
17 (m, n) = (6, 0), (6, 1), (5, 3)
B 21 4 5 8 7 C
18 (n2 n) (n 2)! = n (n 1) (n 2)! = n!
18
19 30
c i 5 ii 0 Exercise 7C
1 a 120 b 72 c 24 d 96
2 a 120 b c 72 d 12
Chapter 7 3 a 360 b
48
144 c 144 d 72
Exercise 7A 4 a 1152 b 1152
5 a 600 b 108 c 431 d 52
1 45
6 a 720 b 48 c 144 d 96 e 48
2 8
7 a 900 b 900
3 120
8 84
4 a
9 32
7 8 9 10 a 480 b 192
11 144
8 9 7 9 7 8
b Exercise 7D
7 8 9
1 35 2 34 650
3 4 989 600 4 56
5 27 720
7 8 9 7 8 9 7 8 9
6 a 420 b 105 c 90 d 12 e 105
5 a 27 b6
7 35
6 30
714 Answers
(m + n)!
7E 7H
8 a 15 b 6 a 25 200 b 4200
m! n!
7 a 1 392 554 592 b 5 250 960
104! (52n)!
9 a 52! b c 8 a 15 504 b 10 800 c 15 252
(2!)52 (n!)52
10 4900 9 a 21 b 10 c 11
11 89 10 2100
11 a 204 490 b 7 250 100
Exercise 7E 12 a 48 b 210
Answers
1 1, 5, 10, 10, 5, 1 13 1440 14 3600

2 a 7 b6 c 66 d 56 e 100 15 14 400 16 150
f 499 500 17 3744
n(n 1)
3 a n b c n d n+1 Exercise 7G
2
(n + 2)(n + 1) n(n + 1) 1 7 C2 = 21, 6 C2 = 15, 6 C1 = 6
e f
2 2 2 1, 7, 21, 35, 35, 21, 7, 1; 7 C2 = 21, 7 C4 = 35
4 a 720 b 120
3 1, 8, 28, 56, 70, 56, 28, 8, 1;
5 2 598 960 8
C4 = 70, 8 C6 = 28
6 a 10 b 45 c 45 d 10 4 26 = 64 5 25 = 32
7 45 379 620 6 210 = 1024 7 26 1 = 63
8 56 8 2 C1 C0 = 247
8 8 8
9 a 45 b 16 9 28 = 256 10 24 1 = 15
10 15 11 a 128 b 44
n!
11 n Cnr = Exercise 7H
(n r)! (n (n r))!
n! 1 4
= = nCr
(n r)! r! 2 Label 26 holes from A to Z. Put each of
12 Each diagonal is obtained by choosing the 27 words into the hole labelled by its
2 vertices from n vertices. This can be done in first letter. Some hole contains at least
n
C2 ways. But n of these choices define a side two words.
of the polygon, not a diagonal. Therefore there 3 Label 4 holes by 0, 1, 2, 3. Put each of
are n C2 n diagonals. the 5 numbers into the hole labelled by its
13 There are 10 C5 ways to choose 5 students for remainder when divided by 4. Some hole
team A. The remaining 5 students will belong contains at least two numbers.
to team B. However, the labelling of the teams 4 a 3 b 5 c 14
does not matter, so we must divide by 2. 5 Divide [0, 1] into 10 subintervals: [0, 0.1),
14 462 [0.1, 0.2), . . . , [0.9, 1]. Some interval contains
15 n1 Cr1 + n1 Cr at least two of the 11 numbers.
(n 1)! (n 1)! 6 Divide into 4 equilateral triangles
= + of side length 1 unit as shown.
(r 1)! (n 1 (r 1))! r! (n 1 r)!
(n 1)! (n 1)! Some triangle contains at least two
= + of the 5 points.
(r 1)! (n r)! r! (n r 1)!
(n 1)! 1 1 7 Divide the rectangle into squares of size 2 2.
= + There are 12 squares and 13 points, so some
(r 1)! (n r 1)! n r r
(n 1)! n square contains at least two points.
= The distance between two points in the same
(r 1)! (n r 1)! r(n r)
square cannot
exceed the length of the squares
n!
= = nCr diagonal, 22 + 22 = 2 2.
r! (n r)!
8 a For two-digit numbers, the possible digital
16 a 2300 b 152 c 2148
sums are 1, 2, . . . , 18. Since 19 > 18, some
Exercise 7F digital sum occurs at least twice.
b For three-digit numbers, the possible digital
1 153 2 126 sums are 1, 2, . . . , 27. Since 82 = 3 27 + 1,
3 1176 4 140 some digital sum occurs at least 4 times.
5 a 1716 b 700 c 980 d 1568
Answers 715
Answers
9 Label 4 holes by 0, 1, 2, 3. Place each number Chapter 7 review
into the hole labelled by its remainder when Technology-free questions
divided by 4. Since 13 = 3 4 + 1, some hole
1 a 20 b 190 c 300 d 4950
contains at least 4 numbers.
2 11
10 Two teams can be chosen in 8 C2 = 28 ways.
Since there are 29 games, some pair of teams 3 a 27 b 6
play each other at least twice. 4 120 5 60
6 18 7 31
11 At least 26 students. To show that 26 numbers
8 10 9 3
suffice, label 25 holes by (1 or 49), (2 or 48),
10 12 11 192
7I 9A
. . . , (24 or 26), (25). To show that 25 numbers
do not, consider 1, 2, 3, . . . , 25. Multiple-choice questions
12 Label the chairs 1, 2, . . . , 14. There are 1 C 2 B 3 A 4 D 5 B 6 B
14 groups of three consecutive chairs: 7 C 8 D 9 C 10 C 11 A
{1, 2, 3}, {2, 3, 4}, . . . , {13, 14, 1}, {14, 1, 2} Extended-response questions
Each of the 10 people belongs to 3 groups, 1 a 120 b 360 c 72 d 144
so there are 30 people to be allocated to 2 a 20 b 80 c 60
14 groups. Since 30 2 14 + 1, some group
3 a 210 b 84 c 90 d 195
contain at least 3 people.
4 a 420 b 15 c 105 d 12
13 Draw a diameter through one of the 4 points.
This creates 2 half circles. One half circle 5 a i 20 ii 10 iii 64
contains at least two of the 3 remaining points b 8
(and the chosen point). 6 a 210 b 100 c 10 d 80
14 There are 195 possible sums: 3, 4, . . . , 197. 7 a 676 b 235 c 74
There are 35 C2 = 595 ways to choose a pair 3
8 a 24 b 4 c 24 d
of players. Since 595 3 195 + 1, at least 4
4 pairs have the same sum. 9 a 924
b There are at least 365 3 = 1095 days in
15 Label the chairs 1, 2, . . . , 12. There are 6 pairs
three years and there are 924 different paths,
of opposite seats:
so some path is taken at least twice.
{1, 7}, {2, 8}, {3, 9}, {4, 10}, {5, 11}, {6, 12} c i 6 ii 70 iii 420
Some pair contains two of the 7 boys. d 624
16 Label n holes by 0, 1, 2, . . . , n 1. Place each 10 196
guest in the hole labelled by the number of
hands they shake. The first or last hole must
be empty. (If a guest shakes 0 hands, then
no guest shakes n hands. If a guest shakes
Chapter 8
n hands, then no guest shakes 0 hands.) This See solutions supplement
leaves n 1 holes, so some hole contains at
least two guests.
Exercise 7I
Chapter 9
1 a {1, 3, 4} b {1, 3, 4, 5, 6} c {4} Exercise 9A
d {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} e3
1 a i obtuse ii straight
f , {4}, {5}, {6}, {4, 5}, {4, 6}, {5, 6}, {4, 5, 6}
iii acute iv right
2 36 34 b i HFB ii BFE
4 150 iii HFG iv BFE
5 a 64 b 32 c i CBD, BFE, ABF, HFG
6 a 48 b 48 c 12 d 84 ii CBA, BFH, DBF, EFG
7 a 12 b 38 2 a a = 65 , b = 65
8 88 9 80 b x = 40 , y = 130
10 4 c a = 60 , b = 70 , c = 50 , d = 60 ,
11 a 756 b 700 c 360 d 1096 e = 50 , f = 130
12 1 452 555 13 3417 d = 60 , = 120
14 10 e = 90 , = 93
f = 108 , = 90 , = 108
716 Answers
9B 9H
4 a B = D = 180 b C = Exercise 9D
9 a = 107 b = 55 1 16.58 m 2 41 m
3 13.9 cm 4 18.38 cm
Exercise 9B 5 a 50 cm2 b 32 cm2

1a Yes b Yes c Yes d No 6 25 cm 7 2 cm2
2a Scalene b Isosceles c Equilateral 8 2 6 4.9 cm 9 b, d
3Must be greater than 10 cm 12 13.86 cm 14 = 2.8 cm
XY
15 x = 1.375, y = 2.67 16 3 2 cm
4a 6, 6.5, 7 b No
Answers
6a = 46 , straight angle; Exercise 9E

= 70 , complementary to EBC;
1 2 parts = 2000, 7 parts = 7000
= 64 , alternate angles (CBD);
2 1 part = 3000, 2 parts = 6000
= 46 , corresponding angles (EBD)
3 3.6 4 264
b = 80 , angle sum of triangle;
5 22.5 6 60 , 50 , 70
= 80 , vertically opposite ();
7 $14 8 30 g zinc, 40 g tin
= 100 , supplementary to ;
9 16 white beads, 8 green beads
= 40 , alternate angles (BAD)
10 5.625 km 11 $1200
c = 130 , supplementary to ADC;
3
= 65 , co-interior angles CDA; 12 13 : 1
= 65 , co-interior angles ACD 5
14 1 : 1 15 6 : 7
d = 60 , equilateral triangle
16 8.75 km
e = 60 , straight angle;
= 60 , angle sum of triangle Exercise 9F
f a = 55 , straight angle;
b = 55 , corresponding angles (a); 1 a AAA, 11.25 cm b AAA, 11 23 cm
g = 45 , vertically opposite; c AAA, 3 cm d AAA, 7.5 cm
c = 80 , angle sum of triangle; 2 a AAA, 6 cm b AAA, 1 13 cm
e = 100 , straight angle; c AAA, 2 23 cm d AAA, 7.5 cm
f = 80 , corresponding angles (c) 3 AC = 17.5, AE = 16, AB = 20
g m = 68 , corresponding angles; 4 4.42 m 5 7.5 m
n = 60 , angle sum of triangle; 6 15 m 7 22.5 m
p = 52 , straight angle; 8 10 10
31
m 9 x = 6 32
q = 60 , alternate angles (n); 39
r = 68 , alternate angles (m) 10 83.6 cm 11 x =
46
7 a Sum = 720 ; Angles = 120 12 40 17 m 13 7.2 m
b Sum = 1800 ; Angles = 150 14 1 14
15
m
c Sum = 3240 ; Angles = 162
15 b x = 10 c y = 2 5, z = 5 5
8 a Together they form 10 straight angles 36
b 360 16 a = 17 7.11 m
7
10 10 18 1.6 cm 19 2 17 m

20 a = 3 5, x = 5, y = 2 5
Exercise 9C
1 a A and C (SAS) Exercise 9G
b All of them (AAS) See solutions supplement
c A and B (SSS)
2 a 4ABC 4CDA (SSS) Exercise 9H
b 4CBA 4CDE (SAS)
1 a 1:2:3:4 b 1 : 4 : 9 : 16
c 4CAD 4CAB (SAS)
c Yes, second ratio is the square of the first
d 4ADC 4CBA (RHS)
e 4DAB 4DCB (SSS) 2 a 1:2:3:4 b 1 : 4 : 9 : 16
f 4DAB 4DBC (SAS) c Yes, second ratio is the square of the first
6 a a = b = c = d = 60 3 19 49 cm2
7 a a = 108 , b = 36 , c = 72 , d = 36 , 4 4.54 cm2
e = 36 , f = 36 4 3 4
5 a 3 cm b cm c
3 3
Answers 717
Answers
6 4:5 7 22.5 11 12.25 12 12
8 a 1:2:3 b 1:2:3 c 1 : 8 : 27 13 a 96 g b 2:1 c 1000 cm3
d Yes, the third ratio is the cube of the first d 100 mm
9 a i 2 : 3 ii 2 : 3 iii 2 : 3 14 b 25 : 36 c 48 cm
b 8 : 27 8 3
15 a 20 : 3 b 1.6 m2 c m
c Yes, the ratios in a are cubed to form the 27
ratios in b 16 a 2% b 3%
1 1 2 2 1 4
10 a 3 : 2 : 5 17 a b c d e f
32 500 3 3 3 3 9 9
b Volumes (in cm3 ) are 36, and ;
9I 10B
3 3 Multiple-choice questions
Ratio of volumes is 27 : 8 : 125 1 C 2 B 3B 4 B 5A
c Yes, the ratios in a are cubed to form the 6 D 7 B 8D 9 C 10 B
ratios in b 11 D 12 C 13 E 14 E 15 E
11 8 : 1
12 27 : 64 h x 20
13 2 : 3 1 a 4EBC c = e
q x+y 9
14 a 4 : 3 b 4:3
1+ 5
15 a 4 : 1 b 8:1 2 a Rhombus; CF = 1 c 4ACF e
2
16 a 1 : 100 b 1 : 1000 3 x = 8 or x = 11
c 1 : 10 d 1:1 4 a 4 BDR and 4CDS ; 4 BDT and 4 BCS ;
27 4RS B and 4DS T
17 litres, 4 litres
16 z p z q
18 125 mL, 216 mL b = c =
y p+q x p+q
19 a 1 : 50 b 1 : 125 000 1 9
c 3 cm d 7500 cm2 5 a i 9 cm ii 12 cm iii iv
16 16
20 a 12 : 13 b 1728 : 2197 b i 16a cm2 ii 3a cm2

21 a 4 b 3.75 7 15 26 m
22 3 : 4 23 4.5 cm
Exercise 9I Chapter 10

2 b i 4 ii 10
4 a i 36 ii 72 Exercise 10A
c 0.62 1 a x = 100, y = 50
1+ 5 3+ 5 b x = 126, y = 252, z = 54
5 0 = 1, 1 = , 2 = ,
2 2 c y = 145, z = 290
7+3 5 51 d x = 180, y = 90
= 2 + 5, =
3 4
, =
1
,
2 2 e x = 45, y = 90, z = 270
3 5 73 5
2 = , 3 = 5 2, 4 = 2 a x = 68, y = 121 b x = 112, y = 87
2 2 c x = 50, y = 110
Chapter 9 review 3 110 , 110 , 140
4 ABC = 98 , BCD = 132 , CDE = 117 ,
Technology-free questions
DEA = 110 , EAB = 83
1 a rectangle b 16 cm
7 60 or 120
3 34 cm
8 P = 78 , Q = 74 , R = 102 , S = 106
4 a x = 7 cm, y = 7 cm, = 45 , = 40
b = 125 , = 27.5 Exercise 10B
c = 52 , = 52 , = 65 , = 63
1 a x = 73, y = 81 b x = 57, q = 57
5 8m
c x = 53, y = 74, z = 53
7 b i 20 cm ii 10 cm d x = 60, y = 60, z = 20, w = 100
c XP : PY = 2 : 1, PQ : YZ = 2 : 3 e w = 54, x = 54, y = 72, z = 54
8 a 3 cm b 5:3 c 3:5 2 a 40 b 40 c 80
210 15
9 m 10 3 32 and 148
23 8
4 ACB = 40 , ABC = 70 , BAT = 40
718 Answers
10C 12A
Exercise 10C Multiple-choice questions

1 a 10 cm b 6 cm 1 A 2 C 3C 4 A 5 B
2 7 cm 6 D 7 D 8D 9 A 10 E
11 B 12 E 13 E 14 D 15 C
3 5 6 cm
16 E 17 E 18 B 19 B 20 D
21 D 22 A 23 E 24 C 25 B
Chapter 10 review 26 E 27 A 28 C 29 C 30 E
Technology-free questions 31 D 32 B 33 C 34 B 35 D
36 C 37 C 38 B 39 D
1 MCN = 18
Answers
2 a x = 110, y = 70 b x = 35, y = 35
c x = 47, y = 53, z = 100 1 a 2160 b 360 c 900 d 1260
d x = 40, y = 40, z = 70 2 a 70 b 30 c 15 d 55
6 a x = 66 b x = 116 c x = 66, y = 114 3 a 20 b 4 c 68
8 3 cm 4 a 420 b 60 c 120 d 24
Multiple-choice questions 5 a 300 b 10 and 15
1 B 2 A 3 E 4 A 5C 6 a 495 b 60
6 A 7 C 8 B 9 A 10 A c The two points diametrically opposite
1
Extended-response questions d 15 e
33
5 b 24 cm2 7 a No
b Yes; both a and b are odd, and c is even
8 a (a, b, c) = (2, 3, 6)
Chapter 11 b (a, b, c, d) = (1, 2, 3, 4) or
(a, b, c, d) = (1, 2, 3, 5)
10 a 10
1 24
11 a 49, 50, 51 and 52 b 93 and 94 d 44
2 360
12 b 21 coins c 10
3 a 125 b 60
14 a No b n = 4k or n = 4k 1
4 a 9 b 25
16 a a = 1, b = 3, c = 1 c 412
5 a 24 b 30 c 28 d 45 2
1 a 1 a2
6 a 120 b 120 18 b c d e
2 8 4 32
7 a 120 b 36 1 2 1 n1 2
f i An = a =a 2
2 12n
ii a2
8 a 96 b 24 c 72 d 60 2 4 3
9 10 19 b BCA = x , BOA = 2x , T AB = x ,
10 a 20 b 325 c 210 d 56 T BA = x
11 a 28 b 21 c 28 = 256
12 60
14 7
13 120
15 51
Chapter 12
16 80
Exercise 12A
19 a If n is odd, then 5n + 3 is even.
c If n is even, then 5n + 3 is odd. 1 No, the sample is biased towards students
26 a 90 b 54 c 80 d 220 who use the internet, because of the email
e x = 96 , y = 70

f 46 collection method.
27 a 40 b 140 c 50 2 No, the sample is biased because she is
collecting the data at a particular time of day.
28 a 38 b 52 c 68
Some age groups would be more likely to use
3 10
29 a 4 b c 12 the restaurant at that time probably school
2 children and young families.
31 a 156 b 144 c 25
3 No, the sample is biased towards viewers of
32 30
that station. Only people with strong opinions
35 Yes will call, and people may call more than once.
4 Answers will vary
5 a 0.48 b p
Answers 719
Answers
6 a All students at the school b 0.42 c 0.37 d Pr(P > 0.5) = 0.3771
7 a All Australian adults b 4 c 3.5 1 1 1 2 5
9 a 0, , , , , , 1
6 3 2 3 6
Exercise 12B b p 0 1 1 1
6 3 2
1 a x 0 1 2 Pr(P = p) 0.0122 0.0795 0.2153 0.3110
Pr(X = x) 0.16 0.48 0.36 p 2

3
5
6 1
b Pr(X 1) = 0.84 Pr(P = p) 0.2527 0.1095 0.0198
2 a Pr(X = 3) = 0.35 b Pr(X < 3) = 0.20 c 0.307
Pr(X 4) = 0.45 d Pr(P < 0.3 | P < 0.8) = 0.1053
12B 12D
c
d Pr(1 < X < 5) = 0.75 1 1 3 1 5 3 7
10 a 0, , , , , , , , 1
e Pr(X , 5) = 0.85 8 4 8 2 8 4 8
15 b 1 1
f Pr(1 < X < 5 | X > 1) = p 0 8 4
19 Pr(P = p) 0.000003 0.00008 0.00115
3 a 0.0034 b 0.0035 c 0.7342
3 1 5
d 0.2533 e 0.2567 f 0.2212 p 8 2 8
1 2 Pr(P = p) 0.0092 0.0459 0.1468
4 a p = 0.5 b 0, , , 1
3 3 3 7
p 1
c 1 2 4 8
p 0 1 Pr(P = p) 0.2936 0.3355 0.1678
3 3
c 0.9437
Pr(P = p) 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.1
d Pr(P > 0.6 | P > 0.25) = 0.9448
d 0.9
11 a p 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
5 a p = 0.6
Hyp 0.0587 0.2499 0.3827 0.2499 0.0587
b 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1
c Bin 0.0625 0.25 0.375 0.25 0.0625
p 0 0.2 0.4
Pr(P = p) 0.0036 0.0542 0.2384 b p 0 0.1 0.2 0.3
Hyp 0.0006 0.0072 0.0380 0.1131
p 0.6 0.8 1
Bin 0.00098 0.0098 0.0440 0.1172
Pr(P = p) 0.3973 0.2554 0.0511
d Pr(P > 0.7) = 0.3065 p 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
e Pr(0 < P < 0.8) = 0.6899, Hyp 0.2114 0.2593 0.2114 0.1131
Pr(P < 0.8 | P > 0) = 0.6924 Bin 0.2051 0.2461 0.2051 0.1172
6 a p = 0.3 p 0.8 0.9 1
b 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 Hyp 0.0380 0.0072 0.0006
c p 0 0.2 0.5 Bin 0.0440 0.0098 0.00098
Pr(P = p) 0.2274 0.4263 0.2713 c Not much
p 0.75 1 Exercise 12C
Pr(P = p) 0.0691 0.0059
1 a Pr(P 0.8) = 0.08 b Pr(P 0.5) = 0.01
d Pr(P > 0.5) = 0.075
2 a Pr(P 0.7) = 0.01 b Pr(P 0.25) = 0.07
e Pr(0 < P < 0.5) = 0.4263,
Pr(P < 0.5 | P > 0) = 0.5518 3 c i 0.04 ii 0.01
7 a 0.028 4 c i 0.04 ii 0.04
b Pr(0 < P < 0.6) = 0.243, 5 c i 0.06 ii 0.13
Pr(P < 0.6 | P > 0) = 0.897 6 c i 0.01 ii 0.06
8 a p = 0.5
b 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1 Exercise 12D
c p 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 1 a Pr(X 25) = 0.02 b Pr(X 23) = 0.01
Pr(P = p) 0.00098 0.0098 0.0440 0.1172 2 a Pr(X 163) = 0.04 b Pr(X 158) = 0.05
3 c i 0.04 ii 0.04
p 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Pr(P = p) 0.2051 0.2461 0.2051 0.1172 4 c i 0.02 ii 0.01
5 c i 0.07 ii 0.01
p 0.8 0.9 1
6 c i 0 ii 0
Pr(P = p) 0.0440 0.0098 0.00098
720 Answers
Chapter 13
12 review 13C
Chapter 12 review
1 a Employees of the company Exercise 13A
b 0.35 c 0.4 1 a 4.10 b 0.87 c 2.94

2 No, this sample (people already interested in d 4.08
e 33.69 f 11.92
yoga) is not representative of the population 40 3
2 cm
3 No, people who choose to live in houses with 3
gardens may not be representative of the 3 66.42 , 66.42 , 47.16

population 4 23 m

4 a People with Type II diabetes 5 a 9.59 b 35 m
b Population is too large and dispersed 6 a 60 b 17.32 m
c Unknown d x = 1.5 7 a 6.84 m b 6.15 m
Answers
5 a Employees of the company 8 12.51

b p = 0.2 c p = 0.22
9 182.7 m
3 1 2
6 a p= b , ,1 10 1451 m
5 3 3
c 11 a 5 2 cm b 90
1 2
p 1 12 3.07 cm 13 37.8 cm
3 3
14 31.24 m 15 4.38 m
3 6 1
Pr(P = p) 2 3
10 10 10 16 57.74 m 17 12.93 m
7 2 3
d Pr(P > 0.5) = 10
10 18 3.66 19 APB = 47.16
3 1+ 3
e Pr(0 < P < 0.5) = ,
10
3 Exercise 13B
Pr(P < 0.5 | P > 0) =
10 1 a 8.15 b 3.98 c 11.75 d 9.46
7 a 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1

b 2 a 56.32 b 36.22 c 49.54
p 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
d 98.16 or 5.84
Pr(P = p) 0.0625 0.25 0.375 0.25 0.0625
3 a A = 48 , b = 13.84, c = 15.44
c Pr(P < 0.5) = 0.3125 b a = 7.26, C = 56.45 , c = 6.26
1
d Pr(P < 0.5 | P < 0.8) = c B = 19.8 , b = 4.66, c = 8.27
3 d C = 117 , b = 24.68, c = 34.21
8 a i Pr(P 0.7) = 0.03 e C = 30 , a = 5.40, c = 15.56
ii Pr(P 0.38) = 0.04
4 a B = 59.12 , A = 72.63 , a = 19.57 or
b i 0.42 ii 0.08
B = 120.88 , A = 10.87 , a = 3.87
Multiple-choice questions b C = 26.69 , A = 24.31 , a = 4.18
1 B 2 C 3 A 4 B 5B 6E c B = 55.77 , C = 95.88 , c = 17.81 or
7 A 8 D 9 E 10 B 11 C 12 E B = 124.23 , C = 27.42 , c = 8.24
Extended-response questions 5 554.26 m
1 a p 6 35.64 m
a b
7 1659.86 m
0.1 0.03 0.17
0.2 0.11 0.29 8 a 26.60 m b 75.12 m
0.3 0.19 0.41 Exercise 13C
0.4 0.29 0.51
0.5 0.38 0.62 1 5.93 cm
0.6 0.49 0.71 2 ABC = 97.90 , ACB = 52.41
b i p = 0.34 ii p = 0.3 or p = 0.4 3 a 26 b 11.74 c 49.29 d 73

2 a iii mean 50, s.d. 1.12 e 68.70 f 47.22 g 7.59 h 38.05
b iii mean 50, s.d. 0.71 4 2.626 km
c iii mean 50, s.d. 0.50 5 3.23 km
6 55.93 cm
7 a 8.23 cm b 3.77 cm
Answers 721
Answers
8 a 7.326 cm b 5.53 cm 3 10.31 at B; 14.43 at A and C
9 a 83.62 b 64.46 4 a 85 m b 45.04 m
10 a 87.61 m b 67.7 m 5 17.58
6 1702.55 m
Exercise 13D
7 a 24.78 b 65.22 c 20.44
1 a 11.28 cm2 b 15.10 cm2 8 42.40 m
c 10.99 cm2 d 9.58 cm2
2
9 1945.54 m
2 a 6.267 cm b 15.754 cm2
10 a 6.96 cm b 16.25 cm2
c 19.015 cm2 d 13.274 cm2
13D 13 review
e 24.105 cm2 or 29.401 cm2 11 a 5 km b 215.65 c 6.55
f 2.069 cm2
Exercise 13H
Exercise 13E 1 a 4a2 , 3a2 and 12a2 square units respectively
1 45.81 cm b 14.04 c 18.43 d 11.31

2 a 95.5 b 112.88 2 a 35.26 b 45
3 a 6.20 cm b 2.73 cm2 3 a 0.28 b 15.78
4 y 4 a 15.51 cm b 20 cm c 45.64
5 a i 107 m ii 87 m iii 138 m
b 43.00
4
B 6 a 5 11 cm b 64.76 c 71.57 d 95.74
y=2 7 26.57
2
x 8 a 54.74 b 70.53
4 0 4
A 9 1.67 km
10 a 141.42 m b 20.70
4
11 16 cm
Area of A B = 9.83 square units 12 34.14
cm
5 61.42 cm2 a 3 a
6 a 125.66 m b 41.96% 13 a cm b cm
2 2
7 a 10.47 m b 20.94 m2 14 a 26.57 b 39.81 c 38.66
8 6.64 cm2
18 c 14 c
9 r = 7 cm, = or r = 9 cm, = Chapter 13 review
7 9
10 247.33 cm Technology-free questions

11 a 81.96 cm b 4.03 cm2 1 a 5 3 5 11 5
b sin1 or sin1
Exercise 13F 6 6

2 a 20 3 cm b 20 cm
1 400.10 m 2 34.77 m
3 575.18 m 4 109.90 m 3 4 19 km

5 16.51 m 6 056 25 3
4 a 5 3 cm b cm2
7 a 034 b 214 4
8 a 3583.04 m b 353 105 5(21 + 5 3)
c cm2 d cm2
9 027 10 113 4 4
5 143
11 22.01
17
12 a BAC = 49 b 264.24 km 6
28
13 10.63 km
3 93
7
Exercise 13G 31
11 c
1 a 13 cm b 15.26 cm 8
c 31.61 d 38.17 6
2 a 4 cm b 71.57 c 12.65 cm 9 a i 30 ii 15
d 13.27 cm e 72.45 f 266.39 cm2 b AT = 300(1 + 3) m, BT = 150( 6 + 2) m

10 181 km
722 Answers

14A 14B
12 3 3 a y
11 a AC = km, BC = 2.4 km
5
b 57.6 km/h 4
12 180 cm2 2 p p 3p
13 21.4 cm 4 2 4 p
12 0 x
14 a 26 tan1 cm
5
12 -2
b 169 tan1 cm2
5 -4
15 11 m
Answers
Multiple-choice questions b y
1 D 2C 3 C 4B 5 A
6 A 7D 8 B 9C 10 A 5
Extended-response questions x

1 a ACB = 12 , CBO = 53 , CBA = 127 6 3 2
-5
b 189.33 m c 113.94 m
2 a 4.77 cm b 180 cm2 c 9.55 cm
3 a T AB = 3 , ABT = 97 , AT B = 80

c y
b 2069.87 m c 252.25 m
4 a 184.78 m b 199.71 m c 14.93 m
5 a 370.17 m b 287.94 m c 185.08 m

6 a 8 2 cm b 10 cm c 10 cm d 68.90
x
L2 sin sin sin 3
7 Area = 4 2 4
2(sin + sin + sin )2
Chapter 14 d y
Exercise 14A
1 1 1 10
1 a b c 1 d1 e
2 2 2 x

1 3 -10 2
f g 0 h i0 j 0
2 2
1
k1 l 0 m n 1 o 1
2 e y
2 a 0.6 b 0.6 c 0.3 d 0.3
e 0.3 f 0.6 g 0.6 h 0.3
5
Exercise 14B x
2
3 7 4 7 -5
1 a , b , c ,
4 4 3 3 6 6
7 3 5 5 2
d , , , e , , ,
8 8 8 8 6 3 6 3 f y
7 5 11
f , , ,
12 12 12 12 4
3 7 11 15
2 a , , , 2
8 8 8 8
7 3 5 x
b , , , 0 p 3p p 5p 7p 2p
8 8 8 8
-2 4 4 4 4
13 7 5 11 17
c , , , , , d
18 18 18 18 18 18 6
Answers 723
Answers
g y Exercise 14D

2+ 6 1 3 2 6
4 1 a b =
4 2 2 4
3
2 6 2 3+1
1 2 a b =2+ 3
4 31
0 x
-1 3 2 31 6 2
-2 2 2 3 a =
2 2 4

31 6 2
b =
14C 14E
h y
2 2 4

4 1 3
c = 2 + 3
1+ 3
2 63
4 For u, v 0, , sin(u + v) = ;
x 2 65
0 3 2 63
2
2 2 For u, v , , sin(u + v) = ;
2 65
33
For u 0, , v , , sin(u + v) = ;
i y
2 2 65
33
For u , , v 0, , sin(u + v) =
2 2 2 65
3 1 1
5 a sin + cos b (cos + sin )
2 2 2

x
tan + 3 1
0 c d (sin cos )
3 1 3 tan 2
4 2 4
2 6 a sin u b cos u
119 24 24 169
4 7 a b c d
169 25 7 119
33 16 65 7
e f g h
65 65 33 24
Exercise 14C
63 24 56 24
2 2 3 8 a b c d
1 a 1 b 2 c = d 1 16 7 65 25
3 3
7 3 117 336
1 3 9 a b c d
e 2 f 2 g = h 2 25 5 44 625
3 3
3 5 1
2 2 3 10 a for = b
2 a 1 b = c 1 2 3 2
3
3 11 a 1 sin(2) b cos(2)
1 3 2 2 3
d = e 2 f =
3 3 3 3 Exercise 14E

2 2 3 1 3 1 a 5, b
g 1 h = i = 5 2, 2

3 3 3 3 c 2, 2 d 2, 2
5 7 3 5 5 e 2 3, 2 3 f 2, 2
3 a , b , c , d , g 4, 0 h 5 + 13, 5 13
6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4
8 15 15 2
4 a b c 2 a , b 0, , 2
17 17 8 2 3
3 5
24 7 c , d 0, , 2
5 cos = , sin = 6 2 3
25 25
e 53.13 f 95.26 , 155.26

29
6 3 2 cos 2x +
5 6
8 5
7 4 2 sin 3x
31 4
15 15(6 5)
8 =
4(9 + 5) 124
724 Answers
3
14 review

5 a f (x) = sin x cos x = 2 cos x 7 9 15
4 h , , ,
8 8 8 8
7
= 2 sin x + = 2 sin x 4 60 , 300 , 0 , 180 , 360
4 4 140 21 171
y 5 a b c
221 221 140
2 1
6 a b 1
5 7 2
Answers
0
4 4 4
x 7 a 1 b 0
3 2 8 a 5, 1 b 9, 1
1 4
2 1 4 5 8 5
10 a b c
b f (x) = 3 sin x + cos x 9 9 81
12 a 2 3 b sin(x + y) + sin(x y)

= 2 cos x = 2 sin x + 7 11
3 6 13 a 0, , 2 b , c 0, , 2
y 2 6 6
3 7 4
2 d , e , , ,
5 4 11
2 2 6 3 6 3
1
3 6 3 6 7 3 19 7
0 x f , , ,
2 12 4 12 4
2 14 a y = 2 cos2 x
y
c f (x) = sin x + cos x
2
= 2 cos x = 2 sin x +
4 4
y
2 x
1 5 7 0
3 2
4 4 x
0 2 2
3 2 x
4 4
2 b y = 1 2 sin
2 2
5 y
d f (x) = sin x 3 cos x = 2 cos x
6
3
5
= 2 sin x + = 2 sin x
3 3
y
x
2 0 2 2 10 4
1 5 4 11 1 3 3
3 6 3 6
0 x c f (x) = tan(2x)
2
y
3
2
1
Chapter 14 review
x
Technology-free questions 0 3 2
2 1 2 2
1
2 a 5, 1 b 4, 2 c 4, 4 d 2, 0 e 1,
3
2
5 7 11 5 13 17 15
3 a , , , b , , , 9
6 6 6 6 12 12 12 12 2
11 13 23 25 35 16 a 85 cos( ) where = cos1
c , , , , , 85
18 18 18 18 18 18 2
3 5 7 5 7 11 b i 85 ii
d , , , e , , , 85
4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 2 1
3 7 11 15 7 11 iii = cos
1
+ cos1
f , , , g , , 85 85
8 8 8 8 2 6 6
Answers 725
Answers
Multiple-choice questions c y
1 A 2A 3 B 4A 5 C
6 E 7C 8 E 9A 10 D
4
2
1 b P = 10 5 cos( ) where = cos1 ;
5 x
= 70.88 0
c k = 25 d = 45
2 a AD = cos + 2 sin
15A
b AD = 5 cos( ) where d y
1
= cos1 63
5
c max length of AD is 5 m when = 63
x
d = 79.38 1 0 1
1
3 b ii a = 1, b=1
1+ 2 3 2 2 31
c =
1+ 3+ 6 31

= 6+ 2 32
e y
4 a i h1 = cos
4
ii h2 = cos sin
iii h3 = sin2 cos
iv hn = sinn1 cos for n N
c 19.47

5 a ii 2 cos x
2 0 2
5
b iii 4 cos2 2 cos 1=0
5 5
1+ 5 f y
iv
4
2 1
6 b or
3 2
x
0 2
Chapter 15
Exercise 15A
1 a y g y
x x
0 1 0 3
3
b y h y
1
x
x 3 0 1
0
-1 1
726 Answers
15A
i y f y
0
x
2
1 (
, 1
3 )
Answers
x
-1 0 (, 3)
g y
2 a y
(32 , 3)
2 (2 , 1) (2, 2)
1
( 3 1
,
2 3 ) ( ) 2,
1
2
x 0
0 3 x
1 2 2
2
b y h y
5
(, 5) (, 5)
x
0 2
(, 15) 1 (, 15 )
0
x

c y 3 a (1, 1) b
2
1
x
0
x 1 1

4 a y
d y
1
0
x
1
2
x
0 2 3 4
5 35 5 5
b , 1 , ,1
10 10
5 y
e y
2 0 2
(2 , 2) (32 , 2)
x
(2 , 21) (32 , 12)
0
x
2
Answers 727
Answers
6 y Exercise 15C
x2
1 y=
12
1
0
x2
x 2 y= 1
1
12
y2
3 x= 1
12
y2 1
4 a x= b ,0
7 a f (x) = (x + k)2 + 1 k2 4c 12
15B 15D
b i 1 < k < 1 ii k = 1 iii k > 1 or k < 1 1
5 a y= (x2 2ax + a2 + b2 c2 )
c i 2b 2c
1
b y = (x2 2x 4)
2
6 y = 1 or y = 19

(k, 1 k2) 7 (2, 1 + 3) or (2, 1 3)
x
Exercise 15D
ii
1 a y
8
x
(k, 0) x
3 3
iii
8
x y
b
5
(k, 1 k2)
x
10 10
Exercise 15B c y
1 (x 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 42 3
2 (x + 4)2 + (y 3)2 = 52
x
3 a y = x 8 8
x 3 3
4 a y= +
2 4
5 (0, 3) or (3, 0) d y
5
9 3
6 ,
10 10
72 154
7 (6, 8) or , x
3 3
17 17
8 a 2y x = 1 b x + y = 2 c P(1, 1)
5
d (x 1)2 + (y 1)2 = 52
9 y = 2x + 1 2 a y b y
10 y = 6 -24 -6
5 5
11 a The lines x = 0 and y = 0 x
1 2 1 2 1 (3, 4)
b x + y = 4
(-3, -4)
2 2 2 -4
12 (x 4) + y = 4
2 2
x
13 The lines y = 1 and y = 5 3
14 3
728 Answers
15E
c y d y d y
(5, 5)
5x
y=
3 3
(2, 3) (5, 0)
Answers
3 x
(2, 0) (8, 0) x
3 3
5x
x y=
4 7 4 + 7 (5, 5) 3
2 2
2 a y
x2 y2 (x 2)2 y2 y=x3
3 a + =1 b + =1
25 16 9 4 x
(x + 1)2 1 5 1 +5
c + (y 1)2 = 1
4 2
x 2 y2 (1, 2)
4 + =1
4 3
y = x 1
x 2 y2
5 + =1
5 9
b y
(x 4)2 y2
6 + =1 3
16 12 y = 2x + 4
x 2 y2 (1, 2)
7 + =1
25 9 1 5 1 + 5
x
Exercise 15E
1 a y
3x y = 2x
y=
2
c y
2 2 3 + 35 y = 3x 3
x
(2, 3)
3x x
y=
2 2
3 3 5 y = 3x + 9
b y
y = 2x
d y
5
y = (x 4)
57 3
1 1 3
x
(4, 0)
x
1 7
y = 2x 57
5
3 y = (x 4)
3
c y
e y
5
x x
y= y= 2
2 2
x
x x
y= 2 25 2 + 25
2 (2, 1)
5
x
y=
2
Answers 729
Answers
f y 5 a y = 2x2 where 1 x 1
3x b y
y=
5
x
(5, 3)
3
x
5 + 52
5 52 3x (1, 2) (1, 2)
y= +6
5
3 4 3 4
15F
x 2 y2 6 , , ,
3 =1 5 5 5 5
9 7
7 a y = 2x2 + 1 b 1 x 1 c 1y3
4 5x2 4y2 = 20
d y
(x + 3)2 y2
5 =1
16 48 (1, 3) (1, 3)
(y + 5)2 x2
6 =1
4 12
Exercise 15F
x
1 a y = x2 + 2x b y
8 a y= x +1 2
b x>0 c y>1
t=2
d y
x
t=1
(0, 1)
t=0
2 a y = 2x 1 b y = 2(x + 1)2 + 1 x
y y
9 y = 1 + 2x where 1 x 1
2
y
( 12 , 0 ( (0, 3)
x
(1, 1) (1, 1)
(0, 1)
(1, 1)
x x
2 2

1 2 2
c y = x3 d y=
x1 1
y
y
10 b y
(1, 1)
x x
(0, 1) (2, 0)
x
x=1
3 a x2 + y2 = 22
(x + 1)2 (y 2)2
b + =1 2t
32 22 11 a y c x=
c x = 3 cos t 3 and y = 3 sin t + 2 t2 + 1
2 2
(other answers are possible) y= 2
d x = 3 cos t 2 and y = 2 sin t + 1 t +1
(other answers are possible)
(0, 1)
4 x = t and y = 3t + 1
(other answers are possible) x
730 Answers
15G 15I
3 4
12 y
2 a 2,
, 2, b 2, , 2,
4 4 3 3
3
c 2 2, , 2 2,
4 4
t=5 t=1 t=2 t=6
3
x d 2, , 2, e (3, 0), (3, )
t=3 t=0 t=4
4 4

f 2, , 2,
2 2

3 7
Answers
4 PQ = (r1 )2 + (r2 )2 2r1 r2 cos(2 1 )

p
Exercise 15G Exercise 15H

1 a (0, 1) b ( 2, 2) 1 y
y y 2
p
A 1, 1
2 B 3p
1 4
2 0 x
x 2 1 0 1 2
x
1
2
c (0, 3) d ( 2, 2)
y y 4 1
2 a r= b r2 =
cos cos sin
2 p
c r = tan sec d r = 3 or r = 3
4 1 5
x x e r2 = f r=
2 cos(2) 2 cos 3 sin
p
3 D 3 a x=2 b x2 + y2 = 22
2
C c y=x d 3x 2y = 4
e (1, 0) f (0, 0) 4 a (x 3)2 + y2 = 9 b x2 + (y 2)2 = 4
y
c (x + 3)2 + y2 = 9 d x2 + (y + 4)2 = 16
y
5 (x a)2 + y2 = a2
a
p 6 a Equation x = a b r=
E sin
x x
1 1 F
Exercise 15I
1 a y

g (2 3, 2) h (1, 3) x
y y
2p e = 0.7
2 3
x x e = 0.8
4
5p 2
G
4
H

i ( 2, 2)
y e = 0.9
I b Ellipse becomes larger and narrower

2
x
p

2 4
Answers 731
Answers
2 a y b y
0, p
2
(1, p) (1, 0)
x 2
1
(1, 1) 2
2,3p x
2
c y
15 review
3 a y
(1, 2p3 )
2
1
2 x
x p 3p 2p
(1, 0) 2 2
d y
(1,
p
)
3
(p2 , 3)
b y (2p, 2)
( 1,
5p
) (1, p6 )
2
(3p2 , 1)
6
( p, 1
2 3 ) (2p, 12)
x
x 0 p 2p
x
2 y=
(1, 3p2 ) 3
3 (x 3)2 + (y 2)2 = 62

4 a y 4 C(2, 4), r = 20
5 a y
( 1,
7p
4 ) (1, p4)
2
4 1
x 3 3 x
3 2
2
(1, 5p4 ) (1, 3p4 ) b y
(2, 2)
5 a y
42 42
2 2+
3 3
x
x
2 2 (0, 1) (4, 1)
(2, 1)
b (x2 + y2 )2 = 2x2 2y2

(2, 4)
Chapter 15 review 6 C(2, 0); Intercepts (0, 0), (4, 0)

7 a y
1 a y
y = 2x
y = 2x
1 1 x
2 2
x
1
2
2
732 Answers
1
16A
b y c 20 metres d y= (x 20)(x 60)

20
1 + 42 e y
(20, 20) (40, 20)

y = 2x + 5 20
Answers
(1, 2)
x 10 ball 1 ball 2
(30, 15)
y = 2x 3 0
x
10 20 30 40 50 60
1 42
f (30, 15)
(x 2)2 (y 5)2 g Yes (same position at same time)
8 =1
4 12 4 c (x 4)2 + (y 7)2 = 25
9 a y = 4 2x b x2 + y2 = 22
6 a y
(x 1)2 (y + 1)2
c + =1
32 52 1
d y = 1 3x where 1 x 1
2
1
2
1
0
10 a y = 2(x + 1)2 1 b 1 x 1 x
1 2 3 4 5
c 1 y 7
1
d y b (2 + 2)
2
(1, 7) c y
(0, 1) a a 2 + b2
x
b
(1, 1) x

11 ( 2, 2) Distance = (a + a2 + b2 + b)
2
2
12 4, , 4, d Area = (a2 + b2 ) + ab
3 3 2
5
13 r =
2 cos + 3 sin Chapter 16
14 x2 + (y 3)2 = 9 Exercise 16A
Multiple-choice questions 1 Re(z) Im(z)
1 B 2A 3 D 4C 5 D
a 2 3
6 D 7C 8 C 9E 10 B
b 4 5
1 3
9 c
1 a y = 2x 2 2
2 d 4 0
b (x 8)2 + (y + 1)2 = 20
e 0 3
x2 x2 (y 6)2
2 a y= +1 b + =1 f 2 2 2
12 12 16
(y + 4)2 x2 2 a a = 2, b = 2
c =1 b a = 3, b = 2 or a = 2, b = 3
16 48
1 2 1
3 a y= x(40 x) c a = 5, b = 0 d a= , b=
20 3 3
b y 3 a 6 8i b 6i c 6 2i
d 7 3 2i e 2 3i f 4 + 2i
(20, 20) g 6 4i h 4 + 6i i 1 + 11i
20
j 1

10
4 a 4i b 6i c 2i
d i e 1 f 1
0 g 2 h 12 i 4
x
0 20 30 40 5 a 1+ 2i b 3+ 4i
c 2 2i d 6 3i
Answers 733
Answers
Exercise 16B b z1 z2 = 9 9i
1 a 15 + 8i b 8i c 2 + 16i z2 Im(z)
d 2i e 5 f 4 + 19i 4
2 a 2
+ 5i b 1 3i
c 5 + 2i d 5i
3 a 2+i b 3 2i c 4 + 7i 3 0 6 9 Re(z)
d 4 7i e 4 7i f 1 + i
g 1 i h 1 i
4 a 2 + 4i b 20 c 4 z1
16B 16E
5
d 8 16i e 8i f 8
1
g (1 + 2i) h 4 2i
10 z1 z2
9
1 17
5 a= , b=
29 29 4 c (8 + 6i) Im(z)
7 6 7 1 6
6 a i b i c i
17 17 2 2
a (1 + 3i)
1 1 2 3 3 1 3
d i e + i f + i 1 3
2 2 13 13 20 20 e i
10 10
5 3
7 a= , b= 8 0 1 Re(z)
2 2
42 84i 1 d (1 3i)
8 a + b (1 i) 3 b (1 3i)
5 5 2
1 1 5
c (4 + i) d (6 + 43i) Im(z)
17 130 c (2 + 5i) 5
e 2 2i
Exercise 16C 2 b (5 + 2i)
1 A = 3 + i, B = 2i, C = 3 4i 2
D = 2 2i, E = 3, F = 1 i 5 0 2 5 Re(z)
2 Im(z) 2
b d (5 2i)
1 c
d
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 Re(z) 5 a, e (2 5i)
1
f 2 e
3 Exercise 16D
4 a
1 a 2i b 3i
c 5i d 2 4i
3 a z1 + z2 = 3 i 1
e 1 7i f 1 2i g (3 3i)
z2 Im(z) 2
4 1 1
h (5 7i) i (1 23i)
4 6
1
j 1 2i k (3 11i) l 3 5i
2
3 2 1 0 3 6 Re(z) Exercise 16E

1
z1 + z2
1 a 2 cis 2 cis b
3 4
5 3
c 4 cis d 4 2 cis
5
6 4
z1 1 3
e 24 cis f cis
3 2 4

1 2
2 a 3i b (1 + 3i) = (1 + 3i)
2 2
734 Answers

16 review
5 5 2
2
c 3 + i d (1 i) = (1 i) a z2 = cis b z = cis
2 2 3 3

e 6( 3 i) f 3(1 i) 1 2
c = cis d cis
5 5 z 3 3
g (1 + 3i) h (1 + 3i)
2 2 6 Im(z)

3 a 3 2(1 + i) b 6(1 + 3i)
c
5
(1 3i)

d 18(1 + 3i)
iz = cis (3p4 )
Answers
2
e 18(1 + 3i)
f 3(1 + i)
g 3+i h 4 Re(z)
5 0
i 4(1 3i) j
2
Chapter 16 review
1
( )
p
z = z = iz = cis 4
a iz = cis b z = cis
1 a (2m + 3p) + (2n + 3q)i b p qi 4 4
c (mp + nq) + (np mq)i 1
(mp + nq) + (np mq)i c = cis d iz = cis
d e 2m z 4 4
p2 + q2 Multiple-choice questions
f (m2 n2 p2 + q2 ) + (2mn 2pq)i
1 C 2 D 3C 4 D 5D
m ni (mp + nq) + (mp nq)i
g 2 h 6 E 7 D 8D 9 B 10 D
m + n2 m2 + n2
3 (mp + nq) + (np mq)i Extended-response questions

i
p2 + q2 1 a z = 3 + i or z = 3 i
2 Im(z)
b i Im(z)
2 e
c d
1 z = 3 + i
8 6 4 2 0 f 2 4 Re(z)
2 a
b 0 Re(z)
4 3
-1 z = 3 - i
a 1 3i b 2 2 3i c 8
1 1
d (1 + 3i) e 1 + 3i f (1 3i) ii x2 + y2 = 4 iii a = 2
4 4
2 a i 6 2 ii 6
3 a 2 cis b 2 cis
4 3 3 a Im(z) b 2+1
3
c 13 cis tan1 d 6 cis
6 4 Z P
3
e 6 cis f 2 cis
4 6

3 2 3 2 O A Re(z)
4 a 1 3i b + i
2
2 Q
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
c + i d + i
2 2 2 2

e
3 3 3
i f 1i 6 a |z + 1| = 2 + 2 cos = 2 cos ,
2 2 2

5 Im(z) Arg(z + 1) =
2
z2 = cis (2p3 )
b |z 1| = 2 2 cos = 2 sin ,
2
+
Arg(z 1) =
Re(z)
2
0

z 1 = tan
z 1
c , Arg =
z + 1 2 z+1 2
1
( ) p
z = z = cis 3
Answers 735
Answers
7 a = b2 4ac c y
b b2 < 4ac
c i ,
b 4ac
ii
b2
1 ( p2 , 2 (
a 2a 2ac
(2 p, 1)
1 1
8 a z1 = (1 + 3i), z2 = (1 3i)
1 ( p2 , 12 (
2 2
2 p p x
c |z1 | = 1, Arg(z1 ) = ; 0 p 2p
3 2 2
2
|z2 | = 1, Arg(z2 ) = d y
17 revision
3
3
d (2 p, 3)
4 3
(p, 1)
Chapter 17 1 (2 p , 13 (
3
x
Technology-free questions 0 2p

5 4 3 2 3
1 a b c d 9 a y
4 3 3 3
6
2 5
3
4 a 6 b 4i c 13 d 10
e 36 f 16 g 24i h 24i x
4 4
8i
5 a 3 5i b 1 + i c 4 7i d
13
2 + i 8+i 5
e 2+i f g 2 i h
5 5
13 i 1 3i b y
i j 3i k l 3 4i
34 2
6 a (z 7i)(z + 7i) 4 + 33
2
b (z 1 3i)(z 1 + 3i)
1 2 1 2 (1, 2)

c 9 z i z + i
3 3 3 3 3 + 25
3 3 3
x

d 4 z+ i z+ +i 3 25
2 2 4 33
3
2
7 a 2 + i, 2 i b z = 1 i or z = i
8 a y 10 a y
2 y = 3x
1
2
x 1 1
x
2 1 0
y = 3x
(32 , 4(
b y
C
b y
1 + 42
y = 2x 5
2 x
(2, 1)
(1, 1) y = 2x +3
1
2 1 42
x
736 Answers
17 revision
11 2x + 4y = 17 2 a i 5m ii 8 m
(x 1)2 (y 1)2 b y
12 + =1
4 3
2 (3, 8) (15, 8)
x
13 y = 1
8
14 a 3x + 2y = 7 b x 2 + y2 = 1 (24, 5)
2 2 (0, 5)
(x 2) (y 3)
c + =1
4 9
Answers
y 2
x 2 (9, 2) (21, 2)
d =1 x
9 4
15 a y = 1 2(x + 1)2 b 1 x 1
c 7 y 1 c i 8m ii 2 m
d y d i 0, 6, 12, 18, 24
2 2 ii 0.65, 5.35, 12.65, 17.35
(1, 1)
2 5
x 3 a i ii cm
6 3
1
b 19.78 cm
c i 14.62 cm2 ii 11.25 cm2 iii 288.29 cm2
5 a 155 m
b i 16.00 m ii 29.04 m iii 17
c 32.7 cm2
(1, 7)
6 a 12:05 p.m. b 2752 km c 26.1
r
16 ( 3, 1) p 2
q 2
pq
3 7 a x= + cos
17 2 2, , 2 2, 4 4 2
4 4
r
p2 p2 pq
18 a x2 + y2 = 52 b y = 3x c y=3 b y= + + cos
4 4 2
1 d 31 cm
d 3y + 4x = 2 e y =
2x 8 b i 51.48 cm ii 4764.95 cm2
iii 94.80%
19 a y r
2581
9 c i 9.12 cm ii 43.18 cm2
4 31
10 a i y
7p
(0, 2)
(p2 , 3) x=
6
x=
11p
6
x
1 (p2 , 13) (2p, 1)
x
0 p 2p
1 B 2 B 3 D 4 E 5 D 6 A
( 3p , 1
2 )
7 D 8 C 9 E 10 A 11 D 12 E
13 A 14 A 15 C 16 E 17 E 18 C ii y
19 B 20 C 21 C 22 B
25 A 26 C 27 C 28 A
23
29
D
C
24
30
E
E
(2 , 5)
31 C 32 A 33 B 34 B 35 B 36 C
37 B 38 D 39 A 40 E 41 D 42 A (2, 3)
(0, 3)
Extended-response questions ( )
3 , 1
2
1 a i BCA = 138.19 , ABC = 11.81
ii BC 0 A = 41.81 , ABC 0 = 108.19
( ) (
0, 1
3
, 1
2 5 ) (2, 31)
x
b i 24.56 ii 114.00 iii 89.44 0 2
c i 1788.85 ii 3027.87 iii 1239.01
b k=2
Answers 737
Answers
c y c i ii iii
p,
( )
2
4
x=
3p
2
iv ( ) sin
v ( ) cos
d x = cos ( ) sin and
(2p, 2) y = sin + ( ) cos
(p2 , 14) (2p, 12)

0 p
x Chapter 18
2p
18A 18B
Exercise 18A

x 3 17 1 a 22 b 23 c 14 d 41
11 a y = c km
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1

4 8 2
8 8 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1

12 c x = t and y = t + 3 e k > or k <
2 a 0 0 1 0 0 b 1 1 1 1 1

5 5
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1

13 a
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12 m
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

2m 3 a 0 0 1 0 0 b 1 1 0 0 0

0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0

10 m 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
0 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

2m
2
c 0 1 0 0 0
b 110 m
0 0 1 0 0

3x2
6x + 110, 0x2

0 0 0 1 0

4

c A(x) =

" #
x2 200 180 135 110 56 28
5x + 109, 2<x5

4

2 110 117 98 89 53 33
d A
h
5 a 0 x = 0 4 if x = 4
i h i
(5, 193p
2 )
" # " #
110p (2, 101p) 4 7 x 7
b = if x = 4
1 2 1 2
" # " #
2 x 4 y 0 4
c = =
1 10 3 1 10 3
" #
2 0 4
if x = 0, y = 2
1 10 3
6 a x = 2, y = 3 b x = 3, y = 2
x
5
c x = 4, y = 3 d x = 3, y = 2
21 5 5

e i x = 0 ii x = 5
8 2 3

14 a Length of rope, , is equal to the arc length
7 4 1

from S to the opposite side of the circle 1
14 8 60

b y
0 1 2
3
2 Exercise 18B
# "
" # " #
1 4 2 13
1 X+Y= 2X = 4Y + X =
2 4 2
x
" # " #
0 2 3 3
1 1 2 3 4 XY= 3A =
2 6 9
1 " #
1 3
2 3A + B =
7 7
3
738 Answers
18C 18D
" # " #
2 2 3 3 10 One "possible
2 2A = 3A = # answer" is #
0 4 0 6
" #
1 2 0 1 1 2
"
6 6
# A= , B= , C= ,
6A = 4 3 2 3 2 1
0 12
" # " #
1 11 1 11
A(B + C) = , AB + AC = ,
3 a Yes
" # b Yes " # 4 24 4 24
6 4 0 9
" #
4 a b 11 7
4 4 12 3 (B + C)A =
" # " # 16 12
6 5 6 13 "
1 1
# "
2 3
#
c d 11 For example: A = and B =
8 1 16 7 1 1 4 5
" # " # " #
Answers
0 1 2 3 3 3 "
29
#
5 a b c 12 a , John took 29 minutes to eat food
2 3 6 3 1 7 8.50

9 23 costing
" $8.50 #
" #
2 4 29 22 12

2 2
6 X= , Y = b ,
0 3 1 8.50 8.00 3.00
11

Johns friends took 22 and 12 minutes to eat

2
" # food costing $8.00 and $3.00 respectively
310 180 220 90
7 X+Y= "
3 4
# "
7 24
#
200 0 125 0 13 A2 = , A4 = ,
represents the total production at two factories 4 3 24 7
" #
in two successive weeks 527 336
A8 =
336 527
Exercise 18C " # " # " #
1 2 1 3 1 4
14 A2 = , A3 = , A4 = ,
" # " # " #
4 4 5
1 AX = BX = AY = 0 1 0 1 0 1
5 1 8 " #
1 n
An =
" # " #
2 0 1
IX = AC = 0 1
1 1 2
" #
1 1 1 Exercise 18D
CA = (AC)X =
0 1 0 "
2 2
#
1 2
"
2
#
" #
9
"
1 2
# 1 a 1 b c 2 d
C(BX) = AI = 3 2 2 3 2
5 1 3
" # " # 2 1
3 2 1 0 " #
IB = AB = 1 1 7
14
1 1 0 1 2 a b
" # " # 4 3 1 3

1 0 3 8
BA = A2 = 7 14
0 1 4 11
1 0

" #
"
11 8
# "
1 3
# cos sin
c d

B2 = A(CA) = 1
4 3 1 4 0 sin cos
" # k
2 5 1 1
A2 C =
" #
1 0
4 a A1 = 2 2 , B1 =

3 7
0 1 3 1
2 Defined: AY, CI; " # 1 1

Not defined: YA, XY, X2 , XI 5 1
b AB = , (AB)1 = 23
2
"
0 0
# 3 1 2 52

3 AB =
1 1
0 0
c A1 B1 = 2

,
4 No 3 1
" # 1 1

1 1
5 One possible answer is A = B A = 3 , (AB)1 = B1 A1
2 2
1 1
1 1

2 52

" #
h i 4 2
6 LX = 7 , XL = 1

3 "
0 7
#
6 3 5 a 2

b
2
7 AB" and BA are not defined unless m = n 1 8
1 2

#
1 0
8 b 5 7

0 1 2 2
9 One "possible c
# answer" is 11 21

#
1 2 2 1
A= , B= 2 2
3 4 1.5 0.5
Answers 739
Answers
1
3 11 11 17 0 0

4 0 0 2
6 A2 = 0 = 0
1
8 8 16 16 A1

6 a b 4 0, 0 2

1 7
1

3

0 0 4

0 1
0
2
16 16 4 4 7 8

1
" # " # " #
3 5 1 18 1 3 1
0 8 ai ii iii
7 a11 5 8 18 19 7 1 2
1 b x = 2, y = 1

0
a22
" # " # Multiple-choice questions
1 0 1 0
18E 19A
9 , , 1 B 2 E 3C 4 E 5C
0 1 0 1 6 A 7 E 8A 9 E 10 D
" # " # " # " #
1 0 1 0 1 k 1 k
, , , , k R, Extended-response questions
k 1 k 1 0 1 0 1 " #" # " #
2 3 x 3
a b 1 a i =
1 a2 , b , 0 4 1 y 5
a 1
"
1 3
#
b ii det(A) = 14, A = 1
10 a= 2 14 4 2
" #
1 9
iii
Exercise 18E 7 1
!
"
3
#
5
# " 9 1
1 a b iv , is the point of intersection of
10 17 7 7
1 10 "the two# "lines # " #
2 a x= , y= b x = 4, y = 1.5 2 1 x 3
7 7 b i =
4 2 y 8
3 (2, 1) ii det(A) = 0, so A is non-invertible
4 book $12, CD $18 c Equations of two parallel lines
" #" # " #
2 3 x 3 0.2
=
" #
5 a 79 78 80
4 6 y 6 2 a b 0.3

" # 80 78 82
2 3 0.5

b is non-invertible c Semester 1: 79.2; Semester 2: 80.4
4 6
c System has solutions (not a unique solution) d Semester 1: 83.8; Semester 2: 75.2
d Solution set contains infinitely many pairs e No, total score is 318.6 f 3 marks

6 a A1 C b B1 A1 C c A1 CB1 10 2 " #
1 1 8 4 70
d A C B e A (C B)
3 a b
f (A B)A1 = I BA1

8 8 60

6 10
c Term 1: $820; Term 2: $800;
Chapter 18 review Term 3: $1040; Term 4: $1020

Technology-free questions 2 2 1
" # " # 2 2 1 60
0 0 0 0 d e 55

1 a b 3 4 2

12 8 8 8

40
3 4 2
a
f Term 1: $270; Term 2: $270;
2

3 , a R Term 3: $480; Term 4: $480
2 a
4 g Term 1: $1090; Term 2: $1070;
3 a Exist: AC, CD, BE; Does not " exist:# AB Term 3: $1520; Term 4: $1500
h i 1 1 2
b DA = 14 0 , A1 =
7 3 1
4 AB =
"
2 0
# "
, C1 = 3
2 1
1
#
Chapter 19
2 2 2
2
"
1 2
# Exercise 19A
5
3 5 1 a (2, 6) b (8, 22)
c (26, 2) d (4, 2)
2 a (3, 2) b (4, 9) c (8, 3) d (7, 11)
740 Answers
19B
" # " # " #" # " #
2 3 11 3 3 1 2 3
3 a b 7 =
4 5 3 8 2 1 3 1
" # " #
2 0 0 1
" # " #
c d 1 1 1 1
1 3 1 0 8 a or
1 2 2 1
Answers
4 Unit square is blue; image is red

" # " #
1 2 2 1
b or
a y 1 1 1 1
" # " #
1 2 2 1
1 (1, 1) c or
1 3 3 1
0 x
0 1 2
Exercise 19B
" #
1 0 y
1 (1, 1) 1 a i ii
0 2
2
b y
4
1
(2, 3)
3 0 x
0 1 2
2 " #
3 0 y
1 (1, 1) b i ii
0 1
0 x 2
0 1 2
1
c y
0 x
2 (1, 2) 0 1 2 3
" #
1 3 y
1 (1, 1) c i ii
0 1
1
0 x 0 x
0 1 2
0 1 2 3
1
d y
" #
3 1 0 y
d i ii
(1, 2) 1 1
2
(1, 1) 1
1 (2, 1)
0 x
0 0 1
x
1
1 0 1 2 3
1
(3, 1) " #
1 0
e i ii y
0 1
5 y
1
5 0 x
0 1
4 1
3 " #
0 1
f i ii y
2 1 0
1 1
0 0
x x
1
1 0 1
0 1 2 3
" #" # " # 1
1
3 5 2 14
6 =
4 6 4 16
Answers 741
x+2
Answers
" 0# " # " # " #
x x 2 Exercise 19C
2 a i = + =
y0 y 0 y 3

1
y
" #
ii 0 1

2 2
1 a b
1 0 1 3
1
2 2

0

x 1 3 1 1
0 1 2 3
2 2
d 2 2

c

1 3 1 1 1

2 2 2 2
19C 19D
52 2
" 0# " # " # " #
x x 0 x
b i 0 = + =
y y 3 y3 2 a (3, 2) b ,
2 2
ii y
1 3
0
" #
0 1

x 2 2

0 1 3 a b
1 0 3 1

1 2 2

1 3 3 1

2

2 2 2
2

c d
3 1 1 3

3 2 2 2 2

4 3 12 5
" 0# " # " # " #
x x 2 x2 5 5 13 13

c i = + = 4 a b
y0 4 y4 3 4 5 12

y

y
5 5 13 13
ii
5 12 4 3
0 x

13 13
5 5
2 1 0 c d
12 5 3 4

1
13 13 5 5
2 1 m2

2m

m + 1 m2 + 1
2 23 47
3 5 a b ,
2
2m m 1 37 37

4
m2 + 1 m2 + 1

" 0# " # " # " #
x x 0 x 2 2
d i = + =
y0 y+2

y 2 2 2
6 a
2 2

ii y
2 2
b y c 21
3
1 1
0
x
0 1 2 0 x
" 0# " # " # " # 0 1
x x 1 x1
e i 0 = + = 1 3 1 3
y y 2 y+2
7 a C , ,B ,
y
2 2 2 2
ii
b equilateral

3
c y = 3x, y = 0, y = 3x
2 Exercise 19D
" # " #
1 1 0 0 1
1 2
0 0 3 1 0
x
2 1 0
742 Answers
1
19E 19G
" #
1 0 3 a (1, 1) b ,1
3 a 2
0 1 " #
4 3
" # " #
cos 180 sin 180 1 0 4
b = 1 1
sin 180 cos 180 0 1
"
2 0
# "
2 0
# 5 (0, 0), (1, 2), (1, 1), (0, 1)
4 a b c No
1

0 1 0 1 "
k 0
#
0
6 a A= b A = k
1
" # " #
0 1

1 0 1 0
5 a b c Yes 0 1

0 1 0 1 " # " #
a (x, y) (x 3, y + 5) 1 k 1 k
6 7 a A= b A1 =
Answers
b (x, y) (x + 3, y + 5) c Yes 0 1 0 1
" #
1 0
" #" # " #" #
2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 8 a
7 a b 0 1
0 1 0 1 0 3 0 1
" #"
1 0 0 1
# "
2 0
#"
0 1
# b Reflecting twice in the same axis will return
c d any point (x, y) to its original position
0 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 " #
" # cos(2) sin(2)
0 1 9 a
8 a sin(2) cos(2)
1 0
" # " # b Reflecting twice in the same line will return
cos 90 sin 90 0 1
=
b
any point (x, y) to its original position
sin 90 cos 90 1 0
9 = 180 k, where k Z Exercise 19F
10 a 2 x 9x
cos sin2 2 sin cos
" 2 # 1 a y = 3x 1 b y = +1 c y=
+3
b 2 2
2 sin cos cos2 sin2 x 1
d y = 3x 1 e y = 9x + 3 f y =
c cos(2) = cos sin2
2
3
x1
sin(2) = 2 sin cos g y=
3
x+2
" #
2 9x
11 a x0 = y + 1 b 2 a y=6 b y=
1 2 3
y0 = x + 2
2 3x 7x 2

1 3 2 2 c y= d y=
" # 7 12
2 2 2 2
2 0
12 a b 3
3 1
2

2 0 2

2 2 2 2 "
3 0
#

4
2 + 6 2 6 0 6
4

c 4 5 y = (x + 1)2 1
6 2 6 + 2
6 y = (x 1)2 3
4 2 x2
2+ 6 6 2 7 2 + y2 = 1
d cos 15 =
, sin 15 =
3
" 4 # 4 y
cos(2 2) sin(2 2)
13 ,
sin(2 2) cos(2 2) 1
rotation matrix for angle 2 2
x
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
Exercise 19E 1

2 1
" #
1 1 7
14 Exercise 19G
1 a b
3 4 1 3

1 a Area = 2
7 14
y
2 1 5 3

2

3 2 7 7
c d
1 4 1

0 1

3 7 7
2 a (x, y) (x 2y, 2x 5y) 0 x
b (x, y) (y, x + y) 1 2 3 4
Answers 743
Answers
b Area = 4 c Area = 1 7 b x = 1
y y 8 m > 2 or m < 1

3
4

1
1 2
9

3 1

0

x 0
2 1 0 1
2
" #
1 a b
1 10 a
c d
2
x
19H 19 review
1 0 1
Exercise 19H
d Area = 7
" 0# " #
x y
1 =
y y0 x + 4
" 0# " #
x x 2
2 0 =
3 y y + 2
y+1
" 0# " # " 0# " #
2 x x y 1
3 a 0 = b =
y x1 y0 x 1
1
" 0# " # " 0# " #
x x x x 4
0
c 0 = d =
x y y + 2 y0 y
0 1 2 3 " #
cos sin
1 4 a A=
sin cos
" #
1 0
b B=
2 a y 0 k
" #
4
cos sin
c C=
3
sin cos
d CBA =
2
cos2 + k sin2
" #
cos sin k sin cos
1
cos sin k sin cos sin2 + k cos2
x
0 1 2 3 4
" #
cos2 cos sin
5
1 5 cos sin sin2
b Original area = ; Image area =
x+1
" 0# " #
2 2 x
6 0 =
3 a y y y1
4
Chapter 19 review
3
2
" #
1 2 1
1 a (7, 4) b
x 1 2
0 1
1
1
2 3 c Area = 5
y
b Original area = 1; Image area = 5 3
4 m = 2
2
5 m = 1, 2
1
" #
1 k
6 a i det =1
0 1 x
" # 0 1 2 3
cos sin
ii det =1 1
sin cos
" #
cos(2) sin(2) 2 1 1 2
!
iii det = 1 d (x, y) x y, x + y
sin(2) cos(2) 5 5 5 5
b i Dilation of factor k from the y-axis and
1
dilation of factor from the x-axis
k
ii Determinant of matrix is 1
744 Answers
19 review
" # " # " #
1 0 1 0 1 3 Extended-response questions
2 a b c
0 1 0 5 0 1
1 1 3 1

3 1
2 2
1 a 2 2 b
" # " #
1 0 2 f 0 1

2
d e 1 1 1 3

0 0 1 3 1 0
2 2 2 2
2 2 c Product of these two matrices:

4 3

1 + 1 + 3

3
Answers
5 5
4 22
3 a 3 4 b 5 , 5

2 2 2 2
1 + 3 1 + 3

5 5
" # " # " # 2 2 2 2
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 + 3 2 + 6
4 a b c d cos 75 =
=
1 0 2 0 1 2 4
2 2
5 a (x, y) (x 3, y + 4)
1+ 3 2+ 6
b (x, y) (x 3, y 4) sin 75 = =
" # " # 2 2 4
1 0 1 0
6 a A= bA = 1
2 a y
k 1 k 1
7 a Area of image = 3 square units 6
y
5
1 4
3
x
0 1 2 3 2
1 1
0 x
b Area of image = 5 square units 0 1 2
y b Original area = 2 square units;
Image area = 6 square units
1 c 8
" cubic # units
1 1
x 3 a
0 1 2 3 0 1
b Shear of factor 1 parallel to the x-axis
1 c (0, 0), (2, 1), (0, 1)
d y
2
" 0# " # (1, 1) 1 (1, 1) (2, 1)
x y
8 a 0 = b (1, 0)
y x2
0
c y x
1 0 1 2
1
4 a (0, 2), ( 2, 0), (0, 2), ( 2, 0)
b y
x
1 0 1 (0, 2)
1 1
(1, 1)
2 (2, 0) 0 (2, 0)
x
1 0 1
1 B 2D 3 A 4D 5 C 1
6 A 7D 8 E 9D (0, 2)

c 13 8 2 square units
Answers 745
Answers
5 b i The composition of two rotations is a 2 a = 5, b = 1
rotation 3 a = 3, b = 15
ii The composition of two reflections is a " #
1
" #
2
"
1
# " #
2
" #
1
rotation 4 a b c d e
2 2 3 3 3
iii The composition of a reflection followed " # " # " #
by a rotation is a reflection 2 5 4
5 ai ii iii
iv The composition of a rotation followed 1 0 2
by a reflection is a reflection b a + b = c

6 a y b y

1 3
2 2
20A
c
2 2 4
3 1
x x
0 0

2 2

3 4 -3
5
5 0

6 a b A (1, 3) c 2 10 3
4 3

c y d y

5 5
d Isosceles f 2 10
1 4 0 1
7 a y 0 x x
(a, b)
(0, b)
-4 4
x
(0, 0) (a, 0) e y
b O(0, 0), A(a cos , a sin ),

0 1 4
B(b sin , b cos ), x
C(a cos b sin , a sin + b cos )
1 x 1 m2 2m
8 a y = ; (1, 0), ,
m m 1 + m2 1 + m2
2m m2 1 4
x
b y = 1 ; (0, 1), ,
m 1 + m2 1 + m2
1 m2
7 a y b y
2m
1 + m2 1 + m2
c
4
2m m2 1 1
1 + m2 1 + m2

x
0 2
x
0
Chapter 20 3
c y d y
Exercise 20A
}
4 4
1 a b c 1
3 3
2
5
2 x x
0 1 3 0 2 4
e y f y
1
x
d 2 1 0 3
0 5
3 x
2 1
3
4 8 a and c
746 Answers
20B 20D
9 a b y d Parallelogram 13 a i 2i j ii 5i + 4 j iii i + 7 j
iv 6i + 3 j v 6i + 3 j
B b D(8, 2)
4
3 C 14 a OP = 12i + 5 j, PQ = 6i + 8 j b 13, 10
2
15 a i 29 ii 116 iii 145
1
A 0 2 b ( 29)2 + ( 116)2 = ( 145)2
x
1 ii 4i+ 2 j +j
1 1 3 4 16 a i i iii 3i
D 3j
b i 10 ii 2 5 iii 10
10 m = 11, n = 7 17 a i 3i + 2 j ii 7 j
Answers
1 1
11 a i b a ii b iii 3i 5 j iv (3i 5 j)
2 2

b MN = AD
3 9
1 b M ,
12 a CB = a b, MN = (b a) 2 2
2 1 1
18 a (3i + 4 j) b (3i j)
b CB = 2 MN 5 10
13 a a b b c 2a d 2b 1 1
e a f ba g a+b c (i + j) d (i j)
2 2
14 a a b b c a+b 6 1 1 1
d a b e ba e i+ j f (3i 2 j)
13 2 3 13
1 1
15 a a b b (b a) c (a + 2b)
3 3 Exercise 20C
1 1
d (a + 2b) e (4a b) 1 a 17 b 13 c 8 d 10
9 9
e 4 f 3 g 58
16 a u + v b v+w c u+v+w
1 1 2 a 5 b 13 c 8 d 5 e 13
17 a OB = u + v, OM = u + v b u v
2 2 3 a 15 2 b 15 2
2 1
c u v 4 a |a|2 + 4|b|2 + 4a b b 4a b
3 2
c |a|2 |b|2 d |a|
2 2
d OP = (u + v) = OB e 2:1 5 a 3i + j b 10 c 116.57
3 3
6 66

Exercise 20B 11 10 2 76
7 a b c 1 d
1 2i 7 j 2 3 6
22 44 110
2 a 5i + 6 j b 5i + 6 j c 5i 6 j 8 a a + qb b c ,
29 29 29
3 a 5 b2 c 5 d 13
9 a 139.40 b 71.57 c 26.57 d 126.87
4 a 13 b x = 2, y = 7
3
5 11 a i b 45 c 116.57
5 7i + j 2
2
3 1
2 2 1 2 12 a i i + 2 j ii i + 3 j b 27.41 c 55.30
6 a i i ii i + j iii i+ j 2 2
5 5 6 5
1
iv i + j
1
v 2i + j
Exercise 20D
3 6 1 1 1
1 1 a (i + 3 j) b (i + j) c (i j)
b i ON = OA ii 1 : 5 10 2 2
6
1
7 4 2 units 2 a i (3i + 4 j) ii 2
3 5
8 a k= , `=1 b x = 6, y = 2 2
2 b (3i + 4 j)
1 5 5
c x = 3, y = 3 d k= , `= 1 1
3 3 3 a i (3i + 4 j) ii (5i + 12 j)
9 3i 2 j, 13 5 13
10 a 2i + 4 j b 6i + j c 5 1
3 3 b (4i + 7 j)
65
11 a D(6, 3) b F(4, 3) c G ,
2 2 11 13
12 A(1, 4), B(2, 2), C(0, 10) 4 a (i 4 j) b (i 4 j) c 4i
17 17
Answers 747
Answers
1 2 3 1 4 5 Chapter 20 review
5 a 2 b c d
5 7 17 Technology-free questions
6 a a = u + w where u = 2i and w = j
12
b a = u + w where u = 2i + 2 j and w = i j 1 a b 9
7
c a = u + w where u = 0 and w = i + j
2 A(2, 1), B(5, 3), C(3, 8), D(0, 4)
1
7 a 2i + 2 j b (i + j) 3 p= , q=
1 11
2 6 12

3 5 5 2 1
8 a (i j) b (i + j) c 4 a 3 10 b (i 5 j + 8k)
2 2 2 3 10
20E 20 review
9 a i i j ii i 5 j 5 6
3 104 1 16
b (i 5 j) c d2 6 a (4i + 3 j) b (4i + 3 j)
13 13 5 25
1
7 a i a+b ii (a + b) iii b a
Exercise 20E 3
4 1 1 1 1 2
1 ai p ii p iii p iv (q p) v q iv (2a b) v (2a b)
5 5 5 5 3 3

b RS and OQ are parallel b T R = 2PT , so P, T and R are collinear
c ORS Q is a trapezium 8 a s = 2, t = 5, u = 2
d 120 cm2 b 33
1 2 k 6
2 a i a + b ii a + b 9 109 units
3 3 7 7
7 10 a 11i 2 j + 3k b 30
b i 3 ii 1
2 c (5i + 2 j + k) d 2i + 4 j
15 9 30
3 a i OD = 2i 0.5 j, OE = i+ j
4 4 11 a (1, 10) b h = 3, k = 2
170 12 m = 2, n = 1
ii
4 2 3
15 9 13 a b = a + c b b= a+ c
b i p i+ j 5 5
4 4 14 a 13 b 10 c 8 d 11
ii (q + 2)i + (4q 0.5) j e 9 f 0 g 27
2 1
c p= , q= 6 3 7
3 2 16 a b c
5 2 3
5 a i AB = c ii OB = a + c iii AC = c a
b |c|2 |a|2 17 a i AB = i ii AC = 5 j
1 b 0
6 a r+ t b (s + t) c 1
2
Exercise 20F
1 C 2 C 3E 4 A 5B
1 a i+ 2 j k b 3i 5 j + 6k c 14 6 B 7 A 8C 9 D 10 C
d3 2 e 5i + 6 j k
2 a 2 j + 2k b i + 2j c i + 2k " # " #
31 15
d i + 2 j + 2k e 2 j f 2 j + 2k 1 a b c |OR| = 25
g i + 2 j 2k h i 2 j 2k 32 20

3 1 1 2 a 34 b 10 20 c r = i 9 j
3 a i i+ j k 1
11 11 11 3 a b x = 2, y = 2
6 2 2 2
ii i j + k c p = 4, q = 2, r = 2
11 11 11 " # " #
15 5 5 7 20
b i+ j k 4 a (25, 7), b
24 15
11 11 11
"
k 12
#
14 5 a (12, 4) b
4 (i j + 5k) 4
3 3 40
c 160, k, (k 12)2 + 16, k =
p
3 1
5 a i 3 j b 10 c i+ j k 3
2 2 d 34.7
1 17
6 a i + 2 j + 2k b
6 6
748 Answers
Chapter 21
21 revision
11 a area = 3 y
1 a All defined except AB

1 4 1
h i 9
9
b DA = 6 12 , A1 = 0
x
2 1

0 1 2 3
9 9
1
Answers
" # " #
2 4 10 19
2 a b
18 24 7 16 2
3 8 y
" # b area = 5
t
4 A= ,tR
3t 5
2
" # 2 1
9 8
5 AB = , C1 = 3 1

1
15 10
2 2 0
" # x
2 1 0 1 2 3
6 a (7, 8) b
1 2 1
c area = 3
y
2
y+1
" 0# " #
1
x
12 a 0 = b (0, 0) (1, 1)
y x1
0
x c y
0 1 2 3 4
1 2
2
1
3
0
2 x
1 1 2 0 1 2
d (x, y) x + y, x y
3 3 3 3
1
" # " # " #
1 0 3 0 1 0
7 a b c
0 1 0 1 2 1

2 2 2
" #
0 0 2
2

d e 13 a 13 b 13 c 13 d 13
0 1 2 2
e 5 f 0 g 13
2 2
46 18
14 a m = , n= b p = 48

3 1 1 3
"
0 1
# 11 11
2 2 2 2
f g 1 h c p = 3, 5
1

3 0 3

1

2 2 2 2
1 A 2 B 3E 4 A 5 B
15 8
17 17 2 76 6 C 7 A 8B 9 D 10 D
8 a
8
b , 11 C 12 B 13 A 14 E 15 B
15 17 17
16 C 17 D 18 D 19 E 20 D
17 17
" # " # " # 21 B 22 B 23 B 24 D 25 B
1 0 1 0 2 1 26 A 27 B 28 D 29 A 30 B
9 a b c
0 2 0 1 1 0 31 C 32 B 33 B
10 a (x, y) (x + 2, y 1) Extended-response questions
b (x, y) (x 2, y 1)
a + bc ab + bd
" 2 # " #
3a 3b
1 ai ii
ac + dc d2 + bc 3c 3d
Answers 749

x+6
Answers
" 0# " #
x 2 2 2 2
2 a =
y0 y+3

2 2 2
2

6 a b

2 2 2 2

b y

2 2 2 2
5
3 2 2
4 c a = 2, b = 0 d c= , d=
2 2
3
2 " # 2 x0 + 2 y0

x 2 2
=

1 e i
y 2 0 2 0
x x + y
21 revision
4 3 2 1 1 2 2 2
1
ii 2(y x) = (x + y)2
2
3 7 a y b a = 2, b =
4
4 y = 2x
5
y=x
c y
x
6

3 1
4
c 10 10

2 1 3

0 x
10 10
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 a i (3, 1) ii A0 (3, 1), B0 (5, 1), C 0 (3, 3)
iii y
x+3
" 0# " #
x
d y = 2(x + 3)2 + 2 e = 5
y0 2y + 4
4
3 a (4, 1)
3
b i Rectangle with vertices A0 (0, 0), B0 (0, 1),
2
C 0 (4, 1), E 0 (4, 0)
ii 1 iii 4 iv k 1
" 0# " # x
x 4x 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
c 0 = 1
y y
2
1 2 1
d i y= x ii y = (x 2)2 1 3
16 16
iii y 4
5
b ii (1, 1), (2, 2)

iv (1, 1), (2, 2),
(0, 0) (6, 0)
1 1
x (1 + 5), (1 5) ,
(2, 0) 2 2
(2, 1) 1 1
(1 5), (1 + 5)
" 0 # x + 2 2 2
x 1
e 0 = 1

9 a AE = (2a + tb)

y (y + 3) t+1
5
4 b i x2 + (y 1)2 = 1 1
b AE = (7a + AF) d t =
9
4 2 3 2 8 7
ii x + + y =1 10 b (n 1)a nb + c
5 5
4 8 3 1
c (0, 0), , 11 a AB = b a, PQ = a+ b
5 5 10 2
" # 3 1 1 1
1 3 1 b i n a + b ii k + b a
5 a (3, 11) b 10 2 2 2
10 2 4
c a = 2, b = 3 d (5a, 5a) 5 1
c n= , k=
e = 2, b = 2a; = 5, b = a 3 3
750 Answers
2
22A 22D
12 a
4 2 km/h blowing from the south-west 4 a When t = s and a = 2 cm/s2 ;
b 5 km/h; 200 m downstream 3
when t = 1 and a = 2 cm/s2
c 43.1 km/h at bearing 80 d 222 5
1 1 b When t = s and the particle is moving to
13 b ii ZG = ZH + ZK 6
3h 3k 1
1 1 2 the left at cm/s
iii + = 3 iv h = ; similarity 6
h k 3 5 When t = 2 s, v = 6 cm/s, a = 14 cm/s2 ;
4 when t = 3 s, v = 5 cm/s, a = 8 cm/s2 ;
v cm2
9 when t = 8 s, v = 30 cm/s, a = 22 cm/s2
1 3
vi h = ; H is midpoint of ZX, K = Y 6 a t = 4 s and t = 1 s b t = s
Answers
2 2
vii h
Exercise 22B
1 1 k 1; 1 a x = 2t2 6t b At the origin O
2
1 c 9 cm d 0 cm/s e 3 cm/s
2 1
2 h1 2 a x = t3 4t2 + 5t + 4, a = 6t 8
5
1 k b When t = 1, x = 6; when t = , x = 5 23
1 3 27
2 c When t = 1, a = 2 m/s2 ;
viii A 5
when t = , a = 2 m/s2
3
1 2 4 3 20 m to the left of O
,
3 9 4 x = 215 13 m, v = 73 m/s
1
2 5 a v = 10t + 25 b x = 5t2 + 25t
c 2.5 s d 31 14 m e 5 s
1 1 k 6 29th floor
2
Exercise 22C

Chapter 22 1 2 10 s
2 37.5 m
Exercise 22A 500
3 a 3 m/s2 b 6 23 s c 337.5 m d s
27
1 a 12 cm to the right of O 4 a 2.5 m/s2 31.25 m b
b 2 cm to the right of O
5 a 50 s 625 m b
c Moving to the left at 7 cm/s
d When t = 3.5 s and the particle is 0.25 cm 6 a 20 s 10 m/s b
to the left of O 7 a 19.2 m/s 1.6 m b
e 2 cm/s 8 a 59.2 m/s 158.4 mb
f 2.9 cm/s 9 a 10 s b
after 3 s and 7 s
2 a After 3.5 s b 2 m/s2 c 14.5 m 10 a 4.9(1 2t) m/s4.9t(1 t) + 3 m
b
d When t = 2.5 s and the particle is 1.25 m to 10
the left of O c 4.225 m d s
7
3 a 3 cm to the left of O moving to the right 11 a 2 s b 44.1 m c 4 s d 5s

at 24 cm/s 12 10 10 m/s
b v = 3t2 22t + 24
4 Exercise 22D
c After s and 6 s
3 1 65 m
d 11 22
27
cm to the right of O and 39 cm to the
left of O 2 a 562.5 m b 450 m c 23.75 s
e 4 23 s 200
3 m/s
f a = 6t 22 3
11 4 210 m
g When t = s and the particle is 13 16
27
cm
3 5 a 500 m b 375 m c 17.57 s
1
left of O moving to the left at 16 3 cm/s
6 a 12.5 s b 187.5 m
Answers 751
Answers
7 a 1 1 1
8 a a= b x=
20
t3 2 2t
9 a a = 3t2 22t + 24 b 15 m/s2
c 2 121 m to the left, 60 12
7
m
10 40 m
t 100
0 10 14 11 a 2.5 m/s2 b 8 s c 500 m d s
9
12 a 41 23 s b 347 29 m
b From initial position O, the particle moves 13 a 7.143 s b 2 67 s, 4 27 s
to the right with initial velocity 20 m/s.
22 review
14 a 2s b 39.6 m c 4 s d 4.84 s
It slows until after 10 seconds it is 100 m
from O and momentarily stops. It then 15 437.5 m
moves to the left towards O, getting faster. 16 a 288 m b 16 s
c 116 m 17 16 m/s
d 84 m to the right of initial position 80
18 m/s2
8 a 1 m/s2 b 2.5 m/s2 c 215 m 81
d 125 m to the right of initial position 19 a 0 m/s b 3 m/s2 c 4 m/s
9 a 11
d 4 32 m e m
10 12
t3
20 a 2t t2 + 8 b t2 + 8t
3
21 b i 8 m/s ii 2 s iii 18 m
22 a 27 m/s2 b 50 m/s c 4.5 s
t
0 5 17 20 23 a 10 m/s b 0m
24 a 4 s, 6 s b 36 m c 0t<5
10
b m/s2
3 Multiple-choice questions
10 No, the first train will stop after 6.25 km and 1 A 2 E 3C 4 C 5 E
the second train will stop after 6 km. 6 C 7 D 8E 9 A 10 D
11 a 57.6 km/h b 1 minute 6 23 seconds
c 0.24
1 a 2 31 cm to the left of O b 4 cm/s
c 2 cm/s2 d At 2 s
Chapter 22 review 1
e cm to the right of O f At 1 s
3 a After 6 s at 36 m/s
1 a 5 cm to the left of O b 8 cm to the left of O
b When t = 0 or t = 4; when t = 4, the
c 4 cm/s d t = 2 s, 9 cm to the left of O
maximum height is 32 m
e 1 cm/s f 1 32 cm/s
c After 2 s
2 a 8 cm to the right, 0 cm/s, 4 cm/s2
4 x(1) x(0) = 15.1, x(2) x(1) = 5.3,
b At t = 0 s, 8 cm to the right, 4 cm/s2 ;
4 x(3) x(2) = 4.5, x(4) x(3) = 14.3,
at t = s, 6 22 cm to the right, 4 cm/s2
3 27
x(5) x(4) = 24.1, x(6) x(5) = 33.9,
3 a 3.5 s, 40.5 cm/s, 36 cm/s2 b 2s x(7) x(6) = 43.7, x(8) x(7) = 53.5,
c 31 cm
1 x(9) x(8) = 63.3, x(10) x(9) = 73.1
4 a i cm to the left ii 1 cm/s2 iii 1 cm/s
8 The constant difference between successive
32 numbers is 9.8 (acceleration due to gravity)
b i 0 s, 2 s ii cm
27
6 33 m
5 a 12 m/s b x = t 3
7 a v = 5t + 25, 0 t 5 b 62.5 m
6 a 4s b 18 32 m to the right c 5 m/s2
d 1.5 s e 6 14 m/s 8 25 m to the left of O
1 9 b The second particle is projected upwards at
7 a m to the left b 1 m/s c 5 m/s2 the instant the first particle lands.
12
c The second particle is projected upwards
after the first particle has landed, so there is
no collision.
752 Answers
Chapter 23 Chapter 24
23A 24 revision
Exercise 23A
6 25 12
1 T 1 = 3 kg wt, T 2 = 7 kg wt 1 a s b m/s2 c s d 12 m
5 6 5
5 2 31
2 T1 = T2 = kg wt 2 F = 7 kg wt, cos =
2 49
3 90 5
3 cos =
4 T 1 = 14.99 kg wt, T 2 = 12.10 kg wt 8

5 28.34 kg wt, W48.5 S 4 10 10 m/s

6 T = 40 kg wt, N = 96 kg wt 5 100 48 2 kg wt
7 F = 6.39 kg wt 6 6 m/s2
8 a No b Yes 7 5s

Answers
9 146.88 , 51.32 , 161.8

8 a T = 5 kg wt, N = 5 3 kg wt
10 a 7.5 kg wt b 9.64 kg wt c 7.62 kg wt 10 3 20 3
b T= kg wt, N = kg wt
11 32.97 kg wt, 26.88 kg wt, 39.29 kg wt, 3 3
3
W = 39.29 kg 9 T = 10 kg wt, tan =
4
50 120
Exercise 23B 10 kg wt, kg wt
13 13
1 13.05 kg wt 1125 225 3
11 a m b m/s c m/s2
2 5.74 kg wt 2 22 4
40
3 3.73 kg wt, 8.83 kg wt d t= and t = 45
3
4 4.13 kg wt 12 a 70 m/s b 245 m c 8s
5 6.93 kg wt
6 31.11 kg, 23.84 kg wt
1 D 2 E 3B 4 B 5 C
7 44.10 kg, 22.48 to the vertical 6 C 7 A 8D 9 C 10 B
8 6.43 kg wt, 7.66 kg wt, 11.92 kg 11 D 12 D 13 C 14 E 15 D
9 3.24 kg wt 16 A 17 D 18 B 19 A 20 C
21 C 22 E 23 B
Chapter 23 review Extended-response questions
Technology-free questions 1 a p = 4, q = 3 b 4 29 m/s
1 9 kg wt, 12 kg wt 2 a 14.7 m/s b 24.66 m/s
c 1.043 s, 1.957 s d 3.81 s
2 10 3 kg wt, 150 to the 10 kg wt
2V(a + r) 7V(a + r)
3 14 5 kg wt, 28 5 kg wt 3 bi ii
3ar 6ar
4 5 3 kg wt 4
7 c V
5 7
8 16 000
40 3 4 a m b 52.567 m/s
6 kg wt 49
3 2
5 a i 4 10t 3t ii 10 6t
15 2 b i 4 m/s ii 10 m/s2
7 kg wt
2 c 2 13 s

8 28 kg, 14 3 kg wt d Y: 9 23 m/s; X: 35 23 m/s;
X and Y are moving in the same direction,
9 4 3 kg wt
X is moving faster and catches up to Y.
1 E 2C 3 E 4A 5 C
6 B 7B 8 A 9C 10 B

Answers

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1A 1C

Exercise 1H 5 106 seconds or 11 31

a {4} b {1, 3, 5} c {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} =

a {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11}

24 7, 12, 17 481 835

c 10 000, 1000, 100, 10 $45 040 000 million

5 a Car km/h; Plane + 220 km/h 1 3x 2 x

2 (x 1)3 + 3(x 1)2 + 3(x 1) + 1 Larger pipe (b a + b2 ab) minutes

13 a = , b = 2, = ; 6 a a = 6000, b = 15 000 b $57 000

1 1, 5, 10, 10, 5, 1 13 1440 14 3600

6a = 46 , straight angle; Exercise 9E

Exercise 10C Multiple-choice questions

Pr(X = x) 0.16 0.48 0.36 p 2

5 a Employees of the company 8 12.51

4 PQ = (r1 )2 + (r2 )2 2r1 r2 cos(2 1 )

Exercise 15G Exercise 15H

I b Ellipse becomes larger and narrower

b (x2 + y2 )2 = 2x2 2y2

Chapter 15 review 6 C(2, 0); Intercepts (0, 0), (4, 0)

b y c 20 metres d y= (x 20)(x 60)

(20, 20) (40, 20)

Exercise 16C 2 b (5 + 2i)

3 2 1 0 3 6 Re(z) Exercise 16E

(p2 , 14) (2p, 12)

4 Unit square is blue; image is red

b O(0, 0), A(a cos , a sin ),

b ii (1, 1), (2, 2)

9 146.88 , 51.32 , 161.8

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