BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

LECTURE PART-1
BASIC ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

SOURCE: https://www.cdli.ca/courses/ep/predesign/t03/02knowledge-skills/act-10a.htm
SOURCE: http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-5/building-simple-resistor-circuits/
 BASIC ELECTRICAL
QUANTITIES

CURRENT
VOLTAGE
POWER
ELECTRIC CURRENT
Electric current in a wire is define as the net
amount of charge that passes through the wire
per unit time, and is measured in amperes (A).
dq Where:
i=
dt
i current in amperes (A)
q charge in coulombs (C)
t time in seconds (s)
VOLTAGE
Voltage is the energy absorbed or expended as a
unit charge moves from one point to the other.
Also called a potential difference and measured
in volts (V).
Where:
d
v= v voltage in volts (V)
d
energy in Joules (J)
charge in coulombs(C)
ELECTRICAL POWER
Time rate of expending or absorbing energy and
is measured by Watts (W).
d Where:
p= p power in watts (W)
d
energy in Joules (J)
d d
p= ( )( ) time in seconds (s)
d d
ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL
CIRCUITS

ACTIVE
PASSIVE
ACTIVE ELEMENTS
Active elements are the elements that can
generate energy or power, such as voltage and
current sources.

Voltage source Current source

Note: There can be active elements that absorb power for example, a battery being charge.
PASSIVE ELEMENTS
Passive elements are the elements that cannot
generate energy, such as resistors, capacitors
and inductors.
Resistor
- A circuit element that dissipates electrical energy
(usually as heat)
Real-world devices that are modeled by resistors:
incandescent light bulbs, heating elements, long
wires.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. A conductor has a constant current of 5
ampere. How many electrons pass a fixed point
on the conductor in one minute.
NOTE: 1 e = 1.602 X 10-19 C

ANSWER: 1.873 X 1021 e

2. A battery can deliver 10 joules of energy to
move 5 coulombs of charge. What is the
potential difference between the terminal of the
battery?

ANSWER: V = 2 J/C = 2 VOLTS

3. A cloud 2.5x1019 electrons move fast a given
point every 2 seconds. How much is the intensity
of the electron flow?

ANSWER: I = 2.003 C/s = 2.003 AMPERES

4. Electrical energy is converted to heat at the 7.5
KJ/min in a resistor which has 270 C/min passing
through. What is the voltage difference across
the resistor terminals.

ANSWER: V = 27.778 VOLTS

5. Work equal to 136 Joules is spent in moving
8.5x1018 e- between two points in an electric
circuit. What potential difference dues this
establish between the two points?

ANSWER: V = 99.875 J/C OR V = 99.875 V

6. Will a 10 ampere fuse blow when a steady rate
of charge flow through it is 45000 C/hr.?

ANSWER: YES