1 The term ------------------------- include all methods and techniques a researcher employs to conduct its

research. These can be categorized into following three groups

2 In the first group of research method we include those methods which are concerned with the ------
--------------------------------

3 The second group research method consists of those ------------------------- which are used for
establishing relationships between the data and the unknowns.

4 ------ --------------------- may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically.
Researchers not only need to know how to develop certain indices or tests, how to calculate the mean,
the mode, the median or the standard deviation or chi-square, how to apply particular research
techniques, but they also need to know which of these methods or techniques, are relevant and which
are not, and what would they mean and indicate

5 Research methodology may be understood as a science of studying how research is done

scientifically. Researchers not only need to know how to develop certain indices or tests, how to
calculate the ------------------------------------------, how to apply particular research techniques, but they also
need to know which of these methods or techniques, are relevant and which are not, and what would
they mean and indicate and why.

6 It can be said that research methodology has many dimensions and research methods do constitute a
part of the research methodology. The scope of research methodology is wider than that of ----------------
--------------

7 It can be said that research methodology has many dimensions and ------------- do constitute a part
of the research methodology.

8 It can be said that research methodology has many dimensions and research methods do
constitute a part of the --------------------------------------------

9 The philosophy common to all research methods and techniques, although they may vary considerably
from one science to another, is usually given the name of---------------------

10 ---------------is the pursuit of truth as determined by logical consideration. The ideal of science is to
achieve a systematic interrelation of facts

11 ---------------- attempts to achieve this ideal by experimentation, observation, logical arguments from
accepted postulates and a combination of these three in varying proportions

12 In scientific method, --------------- in formulating propositions explicitly and accurately so that their
possible alternatives become clear

13 Accordingly -------------------- implies an objective, logical and systematic method

14 Accordingly, scientific method implies an ------------------------- method.

15 Accordingly, scientific method implies an objective, logical and systematic method, i.e., a method
free from -------------------, a method to ascertain -------------------- of a phenomenon capable of being
verified.

16 A method wherein the researcher is guided by the rules of logical reasoning, a method
wherein the investigation proceeds in an orderly manner and a method that implies internal
consistency.
17 At each operational step in the ---------------- you are required to choose from a multiplicity of
methods, procedures and models of research methodology.

18 At each operational step in the research process you are required to choose from a multiplicity of

methods, procedures and models-----------------------

19 -------------------- is the first and the most crucial step in the research process

20 There are two types of research problems, viz., those which relate to ----------------and those which
relate to relationships between ------------

21 At the very outset the researcher must single out the problem he wants to study, i.e., he must decide
the ------------------------ that he would like to inquire into. Initially the problem may be stated in a broad
general way and then the ambiguities, if any, relating to the problem be resolved.

22 The ---------------------- has to be considered before a working formulation of the research problem
can be set up.

23 the feasibility of a particular solution has to be considered before a working formulation of the --------
-can be set up.

24 The formulation of a general topic into a specific --------------, thus, constitutes the first step in a
scientific enquiry.

25 ------------------- is integral part of entire research process and makes valuable contribution to every
operational step

26 How search for existing literature can be done. what are its sources.

27 Reviewing literature can be --------------------------------------but is also rewarding.

28 In older times ----------------- were used to compile an annotated bibliography.

29 In modern times -------------------------------------- were used to compile an annotated bibliography

30 ------------------ are a source of most-up-to-date information

31 Search engines allow use of -------------------------- AND, OR and NOT to further narrow down

Search.

32 Until you go through the literature you cannot develop a theoretical framework and until you have
developed a theoretical framework, you cannot effectively review the literature

33 As you start reading the literature, you will realize that it deals with a number of aspects that have a
direct and indirect bearing on your research topic. Use these aspects as a basis for developing your-------
--

34 Literature pertinent to your study may deal with two types of information:

universal;

More specific( i.e. local trends or specific program).

----------------- In order to comply with the first function of literature review i.e. to provide theoretical
background to your study:

List the main themes that have emerged while reading literature.

Convert them into subheadings. These subheadings should be precise, descriptive of the theme in
question, and follow a logical progression.

Now, under each subheading, record the main findings with respect to the theme in question,
highlighting the reasons for and against an argument if they exist, and identify gaps and issues.

36 In order to comply with the second function of literature review.

37 ---------------------are the goals you define to attain in your research.

38 The objectives should start with words such as

39 The wording of objectives determines the type of research (descriptive, correlational and
experimental, etc.) and the type of research design you need to adopt to achieve these. e.g.

40 -------------------- is the conceptual structure within which research would be conducted

41 Research purposes may be grouped into four categories.

42 Research purposes may be grouped into---------------

43 Researchers usually draw conclusions about large group by taking a ----------

44 A -------is a segment of the population selected to represent the population as a whole

45. The researcher must decide the way of selecting a sample or what is popularly known as the ----------
---

46 ----------------------- Every member of the population has a known and equal chance of being selected.
Just like selection through a lottery.

47 ------------- This procedure is useful when sampling frame is available in the form of a list. In such a
design the selection process starts by picking some random point in the list and then every nth
element is selected until the desired number is secured.

48---------------------: Population is stratified or divided into mutually exclusive groups or strata such as
age groups and random samples are drawn from each stratum

49 -------------Cluster sampling involves grouping the population and then selecting the groups or the
clusters rather than individual elements for inclusion in the sample.

50 Probability samples are Simple random sample

Systematic sample

Stratified random sample

Cluster (area)sample:

51-------------: The population elements are selected for inclusion in the sample based on the ease of
access.

52 --------- The researcher uses his/her judgment to select population members who are good prospects
for accurate information.

53 -------------- The researchers/ interviewers are simply given quota to be filled from different strata,
the actual selection of items for sample being left to the interviewers judgment.

54 Nonprobability samples convenience sample: 52 Judgment sample: 53 Quota sample

55 There are several ways of collecting the appropriate data which differ considerably in context of
money costs, time and other resources at the disposal of the researcher

56 Primary data can be collected either through----------------

57 Under which method the enumerators are appointed and given training------------------

58 The famous saying about computers- garbage in garbage out- is also applicable for

59 Processing of data is a prerequisite activity for the

60 The Data Processing operations are

61--------Process of examining the collected raw data to detect errors and omissions and to correct
these when possible.

62 -----------Process of arranging data in groups or classes on the basis of common characteristics.

63-----------Operation through which the categories of data are transformed into symbols that may be
tabulated and counted. After coding the data is ready for tabulation.

64------- Process of summarizing raw data and displaying the same in compact form for further analysis.
It is an orderly arrangement of data in columns and rows

65 After ------------- is over the data is ready for analysis. Depending on the nature of data, it could be
either

66 Qualitative data analysis is a very personal process with few rigid rules and procedures. For this
purpose, the researcher needs to go through a process called

67 ------------ is a very personal process with few rigid rules and procedures. For this purpose, the
researcher needs to go through a process called

68 After analyzing the data, the researcher is in a position to test the --------------

69 If the researcher had no hypothesis to start with, he might seek to explain his findings on the basis of
some theory. It is known as---------

70 Writing of report must be done with great care keeping in view the following: