CYTOGEN REVIEW: CELL DIVISION & MITOSIS

PHASE SUB-PHASE PROCESSES

Resting or
Quiescent Phase (G0) Gap 0 Resting stage; cell is non-dividing
Interphase

cell growth phase where a cell increases in size, carries on metabolism, and
duplicates chromosomes prior to division Gap 1 (G1) Growth phase; synthesis of
amino acids and other biochemical need for S phase

increase production of: proteins/lipids, carbohydrates

assembled in the vesicles
Synthesis (S) DNA in chromosomes are replicated

protein synthesis
Gap 2 (G2) Synthesis of chemicals needed for the production of microtubules
M Phase Karyokinesis The cell nucleus divides
Cytokinesis The cell itself divides into daughter cells

KEY EVENTS IN MITOSIS

Mitosis: period of nuclear cell division in which two daughter cells are formed,
each containing a complete set of chromosomes
SUB STAGE KEY EVENTS
Prophase The nuclear membrane begins to disintegrate;
nucleoli disappear;
DNA begin to supercoil and appear as chromosomes.
Metaphase Chromosomes appear as sister chromatids attached together at the
centromere containing the kinetochore;
Centrioles appear on both poles of the cell;
Spindle fibers appear and attach to the kinetochores;
Chromosomes align at the center of the cell
Anaphase Sister chromatids are pulled towards opposite poles
Telophase The nuclear membrane reappears;
The DNA begin to diffuse into the nucleus;
Nucleoli reappears

Binary fission: division of a prokaryotic cell into two offspring cells

Chromatin: long, tangles strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell nucleus during
interphase
Chromosomes: cell structures that carry the genetic material that is
copied & passed from generation to generation of cells
Chromatids: one of the two strands of a chromosome that become
visible during meiosis or mitosis
Centromeres: region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together
during mitosis
Microtubules: thin, hollow cylinders made of protein that provide structural
support for eukaryotic cells
Haploid: cell with one of each kind of chromosome (n)
Diploid: cell with two of each kind of chromosome (2n)
Cytokinesis: cell process following mitosis in which the cells cytoplasm divides &
separates into two new daughter cells
Cell plate: precursor of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell division &
divides the cell into two