12 unit 1 Key, Scales, and Modes 12. Also derived from the neighbor is a four-note group consisting of a stable tone, both the upper and the lower neighbor (in either order), and a return to the stable tone, Two neighbors occurring together are called a double neighbor (DN), as in Example 1-12. 1-12 Haydn, symphony No. $8, I! ange + ; ; ciate _— ‘Transposition; Key signatures. In bar 42 of the Mozart movement with which we began this unit, the opening idea returns; the technical name for such a return in a sonata movement is recapitulation. Usually a recapitulation is in the same key as the beginning of the movement, but most exceptionally, Mozart does not begin his reca- pitulation in C. Instead of C, F functions as the central tone; the music has moved to F major. Example 1-13 quotes the opening few bars of this F major recapitulation; observe that every time a B occurs, it is modified by a flat. A moment’ reflection (and, pethaps, a glance at the keyboard) will show why the Bb is needed. Without it, there would be a whole step between 3 and 4; the music would no longer be in F major. 1-13 mozart, Piano sonata, k. 545.1 (Allegro) o 2 Putting a piece (or section) of music into another key is called transposing it. If we transpose a piece from C to any other major key, we have to use flats or sharps to preserve the half steps between 3 and 4 and 7 and 8. These sharps or flats are gath- ered together into a key signaturé that occurs at the beginning of each line of music. Sometimes a change of key within a piece is accompanied by a new key signature, but very often, as in the Mozart, the necessary flats, sharps, naturals, and so on, occur in the body of the music as accidentals, like che flats before the BS in Example 1-13