FLAT SHEETS PeesSYMBOLS FOR FLAT SHEETS Grosswise (transverse) to the direction of pultrusion Modulus of elasticity (psit Allowable flexural stress (psi) Ultimate flexural stress (psi) Factor of safety Moment of inertia (in') Lengthwise (parallel) to the direction of pultrusion Bending moment from applied loads (Ibs-in) Section modulus (in) Long dimension of rectangular plate (in) Short dimension of rectangular plate (in) Concentrated load (\bs/ft of width) Flexural stress from applied loads (psi) Length of flat sheet (center to center of supports) (in) Thickness of section (in) Uniform toad (Ibsift) Uniform beam toad (lbs/in) Deflection (in) Deflection due to concentrated load (in) Deflection due to uniform load (in)FLAT SHEETS INTRODUCTION EXTREN® flat sheets may be used as structural members to carry loads applied normal to the surface. Stresses and deflections in the members may be computed by using theories applicable to beams or to orthotropic plate behavior. Directional mechanical properties are inherent in EXTREN sheets due to the pultrusion manufacturing process. Specific properties necessary for design are provided in Section 4 — PROPERTIES OF EXTREN. Values of various material properties are the test results of the minimum ultimate coupon properties. The values are listed as lengthwise or crosswise relative to the direction of motion of the sheet through the forming die. The user of pultruded sheet must be careful to orient the product in a structure in the same direction as that corresponding to the direction indicated by the property design value. Theories and equations based on exact and approximate analysis are discussed in detail in the “Structural Plastics Design Manual” — Reference 2, and other reference books. For purposes of design with EXTREN sheets, the following procedures are recommended. ONE-WAY ACTION Supports for the sheet are parallel to each other and limited to two edges of the sheet. Selection of the sheet thickness for a given load and span or the determination of a load for a given sheet thickness and span can be found in the following load/deflection tables. The directional properties ofthe sheet used in the calculations must correspond to the alignment of the sheet in the direction of the span between the supports. For uniformly distributed loads over the surface of the sheet, itis convenient to work with a “rectangular beam” strip one foot wide to determine stresses and deflections. The load tables are based on a simple span condition. Stresses and deflections for other loading conditions, such as continuous span should be considered in accordance with standard analytical procedures for beams. The loadideflection tables were generated limiting the deflection to 1% of the span (1/100) and to Ys the thickness of the plate. Using this deflection criteria, flexural stress was never a controlling factor. Other deflection criteria may be used at the engineers discretion. The tables are based on the strength and stiffness in the lengthwise (LW) direction. For load values in the crosswise (CW) direction, multiply the listed load values by the ratio of the flexural modulus in the CW direction divided by the flexural modulus in the LW direction. The tables for %" thick sheet through 1” thick sheet can be used for all EXTREN Series as the flexural moduli for the different series are the same. A safety factor of 2.5 is used for the allowable load computations in the tables. SAMPLE PROBLEM. A flat roof with rafters located at 2 feet on center is to be covered with EXTREN 525 lat sheet to support a live load of 10 pounds per square foot. Maximum allowable deflection cannot exceed 1/100 or t/2. Asa trial, check %’" thick sheet. Swit (syivo0/129124¥ ne 384 ET 384(2 x 108N.0156) we (ion gii24p wh 10124 69 thin - ; 0 tb M Is fe 2 coe = 480 psi 125 in? fy a = 14,000 psi 113 GT eESUsing the loadideflection tables, %4" thick sheet will deflect 116” at the center of the span which meets the deflection criteria of 125” on asimple span of 24” provided the sheets are installed so the lengthwise direction is perpendicular to the rafter direction. If the sheets span in the crosswise direction, deflection would be calculated as follows cw ue 116 = 211 a Which is greater than t/2, The standard sheet length is 8 feet long so it could extend continuously over 4 spans. The maximum, deflection occuring at the end span for the uniform load over 4 spans with the sheets spanning in the lengthwise direction would be as follows: a =.0065x —W 058” The above formula can be found in Section 9 — FLEXURAL MEMBERS (BEAMS); Beam Diagram and Formulas Sub-Section, Load Case 39, page 9-64. TWO-WAY ACTION When supports are located around four sides of a sheet, the member deforms into a dished configuration and the orthotropic characteristics of the material may be used to an advantage. A limited number of solutions for specific cases are available in various technical literature for orthotropic plates. The Structural Plastics Design Manual— Reference 2 includes procedures for determining deflections and stresses of a flat sheet when simply supported at the four edges. The solutions described are based on small-deflection flexural theory and provide approximate values for maximum deflections and stresses. The two-way load tables of this manual were computed from the recommended procedures of Reference 2 using the values from Section 4 — PROPERTIES OF EXTREN®. Computed allowable loads were based on a maximum deflection of the sheet equal to one-half the thickness (t/2) of the sheet in accordance with the theoretical limitations or //100 of the shortest span which ever is smaller. Since the load deflection relationship is linear, reduced deflections are proportional to reduced values of allowable load. If sheets are continuous over the support, the maximum deflections will be smaller than 12 for the load shown in the table. In general, the bending stresses, will be well below the flexural strength of the material Selected dimensions in the two-way load tables for rectangular plates should include the majority of the combinations of sizes used for most applications. The designer may interpolate between the sizes given in the tables to obtain the allowable loads for sheet sizes not given in the table. If unusually large spans are required, the designer is referred to Reference 2 for governing equations and parametric chartsFLAT SHEET Allowable Loads EXTREN? 500, 525, and 625 Sheet spanning in Lengthwise Direction For allowable loads when sheet is spanning in crosswise direction, multiply table values by 0.55, 0.0156 iné/tt. of width S = 0.126 in2/ft. of width, LOAD/DEFLECTION TABLE 1/4" Thickness Wtft? = 2.34 Ibs aa Span S100 Inches ORt2 ul 30 40 50 | 60 70 80 90 | 100 | 120] 140 | 160 167 te | du | ove ora | 022 | 029 | 036 | 023 | 050 | ose | oss | 072 | 068 | os | ass | 420 c | 15| 20| 25| 30| a5| 40] 45 | 50) 60| 70| 80 | 104 Ac oe 017 | .023 | .029 | .035 | .040 | .046 | .052 | .058 | .069 | .081 | 092 120 u 13, 20 27 | 33 | 34 ae | 20 | 047 | .073 | 009 | 121 | 125 e| 10] 15| 20) 25 | 32 ae | .036 | 058 | 079 | 096 | 125 | u| 10 | | 14 i . | av | 088 | 118 125 oc |e} 3] 10 | «| fa elles ell | “|B ¢ 1S CONCENTRATED LOAD LASFT WIDTH : Ac IS DEFLECTION UNDER CONCENTRATED LOAD u IS UNIFORM LOAD LBSIFT? Au IS DEFLECTION UNDER UNIFORM LOAD. 115_ ts ).0527 in*/tt. of width 0.28 inSift, of width, FLAT SHEET Allowable Loads EXTREN® 500, 525, and 625 Sheet spanning in Lengthwise Direction For allowable loads when sheet is spanning in crosswise direction, multiply table values by 0.70 LOAD/DEFLECTION TABLE 3/8" Thickness Wtift? = 3.54 Ibs nue Span roo Inches ORTIZ uy] 20] 90] 40] 50] 60] 0| 100] 200] a00| 400 | s00| 502 sz | du | 004 | .006 | 009 | .or1 | 013 | .017 | 021 | 043 | 064 | 088 | 107 | 120 2] 10] 18} 20] 25| 30] 40| 50 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | a5 ac | .003 | .008 | .007 | .o09 | 010 | .or4 | .017 | .034 | .051 | .068 | .085 | 120 uw} 20) 30] «| s0| 60] e0| 100| 150 167 tar | u | 022 | 032 | 043 | 054 | 065 | 086 | 108 } .162 180 c| 15| 23/30] 98) 45/ 60 | 75 | 113, 156 ac | .017 | .026 | .035 | .043 | .052 | .069 | .086 | .130 120 uw] 10] 20] 90] 40] 50 36 oq | du | .036 | 068 | 102 | .137 | 171 188 ce] 10| 20] 30] 40] 50 69 IS sc | .027 | 055 | 082 | 109 | .137 188 uf 10] 20 23 au | .o83 | .167 188 cd e 13 25 35 ac | .067 | .133, 188 uw] 10 " | Au | 173 188 ba c 15, 20 ac | 138 _ 188 © IS CONCENTRATED LOAD LBSIFT WIDTH Ac IS DEFLECTION UNDER CONCENTRATED LOAD. u IS UNIFORM LOAD LBSIFT2 Au IS DEFLECTION UNDER UNIFORM LOADFLAT SHEET Allowable Loads EXTREN® 500, 525, and 625 Sheet spanning in Lengthwise Direction For allowable loads when sheet is spanning in crosswise direction, multiply table values by 0.70 1 = 0.125 in4/ft. of width S = 0.500 int. of width, LOAD/DEFLECTION TABLE 1/2” Thickness ‘Wtift? = 4.68 Ibs. MAX [Span ‘Serea | inches one v] 20] 30] 4] 50] 60] 80] 100] 250] s00] 750 | 1000] 1050| 1000 1 | au | .002 | .003 } .004 | .005 } .006 | .007 | .oo9 | .028 | .o4s | .068 | 090 | 113) 120 ¢| “10 | “15 | “20 | “28 | “a0 | “40 | “80 | ‘125 | ‘250 | ‘370 | “S00 | ‘ces | “aaa ac | .001 | 002 | .003 | .004 | .004 | .008 | .007 | ote | 036 | 054 | .o72 | .090 | 120 uy] 20 a0] 40} 50] 60] a0] 100] 250 370 ta | Au | 009 | 014 | ore | 02s | 027 | cae | 046 | 114 180 | 1s|23| 30| 38 | 45] 60 | 75 | 188 370 se | .007 | 011 | 018 | ote | .022 | .029 | 036 | .091 180 ve] 20} 30] 2] so] eo] co] 100} 150 17] 2qr | Av | 029 | .043 | .058 | .072 | .086 | .115 | .144 | 216 240 is} Cc ¢| 20] 90] 40} 50| 60| 80 | 100 | 150 209 | Fe ed tes cet Fescl cot Fell eect feel te =| vy] 20] 30] 40] 60] 60 | ss ee 25 c| 25] 38| s0| 63 | 75 in se | 056 | 084 | 133 | 141 | 169 25 u 10 20 30 34 ge | Au | 073 | .148 | 219 25 | 15] 90 | 45 65 ae | 058 | 117 | 175 2 uy 10 18 » | au | 195 25 od c 18 40 se | 108 25 u] 10 11 » | au | 230 2 i c 20 27 ac [184 25 © IS CONCENTRATED LOAD LBS/FT WIDTH Ac 1S DEFLECTION UNDER CONCENTRATED LOAD u IS UNIFORM LOAD LBSIFT2 Au IS DEFLECTION UNDER UNIFORM LOAD.FLAT SHEET Allowable Loads EXTREN® 500, 525, and 625 ‘Sheet spanning in Lengthwise Direction For allowable loads when sheet is spanning in crosswise direction, multiply table values by 0.70 1 = 0.244 inéitt of width S = 0.781 ini, of width, LOAD/DEFLECTION TABLE 518’ Thickness _ WUft? = 5.79 Ibs, Max LAD ar} Span Sano | inches ona w] 100] 200 | 300 | 400 ] 500 | 1000 ] 1500 ] 2000 ] 2500 | 2600 jor | du} .008 | 009 | .o14 | 018 | 023 | .046 | .069 | 092 | 115] .120 c | 50 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | ‘500 | 750 | 1000 | 1250 | 1622 ac | .004 | .007 | 011 | 015 | ote | .037| 055 | 074 | 092| 120 w | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 00 | 600] 700 768 yer | Au | 023 | .047 | .070 | 093 | .117 | 140 | 163 180 ¢| 75 | 150 | 225 | 300 | 375 | 450 | 525 723 ac | org | .037 | .056 | .075 | 093 | 112 | 131 180 u| 20] 40] 100} 200 | 300 326 aqr | du | 015 | 030 | .074 | 148 | 221 240 | 20] 40 | ‘100 | 200 | ‘300 407 ac | 012 | 024 | 059 | 118 | 477 240 u] 20} 40 | 60] 100 | 150 167 gor | Au | 036 | 072 | .108 | .120 | .270 300 c| 25] 50} 75 | 125 | 18 260 ac | .029 | .058 | .oa6 | .144 | 216 300 u|{ 20] 40] 60] 60 84 ger | Au | 075 | .149 | 204 | 209 312 c| 30] 60 | 90] 120 187 ac | .060 | .120 | .179 | .239 312 uf tof 20] 30] 40 6 az | du | 059 | 138 | 208 | 277 312 c| 18] 35] 53] 70 99 ac | 085 | 111 | 166 | 221 312 vu] | 2 27 age | du | 118 | 236 312 ce} 20] 40 86 ac | .094 | 189 312 u| 10 7 | du | 189 312 oe ne | 2a “7 ac | .151 312 uv[ 10 "1 » | du | 268 312 or lc] 2s 34 ac | 231 12 ¢ 1S CONCENTRATED LOAD LBSIFT WIDTH Ac IS DEFLECTION UNDER CONCENTRATED LOAD u IS UNIFORM LOAD LaS/FT2 Au IS DEFLECTION UNDER UNIFORM LOAD 118FLAT SHEET Allowable Loads EXTREN® 500, 525, and 625 ‘Sheet spanning in Lengthwise Direction For allowable loads when sheet is spanning in crosswise direction, multiply table values by 0.70 T= 0.422 intft. of width $= 1.125 in*/ft. of width. LOAD/DEFLECTION TABLE 3/4" Thickness ‘Wtift? = 6.94 Ibs MAX Span ‘Pana | Inches, ORTIZ w] 100 | 200 | 400 | 600] 200 | 1000 | 1500 | 2000 | 3000 | 4000 | 4499 tz | au | 008 | .005 | 011 | 016 | 021 | 027 | 040 | “053 | 080) .107 | 12 c | "50 | 100 | 200 | ‘300 | “400 | 500 | ‘750 | 1000 | 1500 | 2000 | 2804 ac | .o02 | 004 | 009 | 013 | 017 | .021 | 092 | 043 | .064 | “00s | 12 w | 100 | 200] 400 | 600 | 800 | 1000 | 1200 1393 age | Au | 019 | .027 | 054 | ost | .108 | ‘195 | 162 18 < | 75 | 150 | ‘300 | 450 | ‘600 | ‘750 | ‘900 1250 ac | ott | 022 | 043 | 065 | 086 | .108 | 130 18 uw] 50} 100] 200} 300 | 400 | 500 363 aq | au | oat | 043 | 085 | 4128 | 471 | 210 24 2 | 50 | 100 | ‘200 | ‘300 | ‘400 | ‘500 702 Ly ac | 17 | 034 | 068 | .t02 | 496 | 71 24 2 uso | 100] 150 | 200 | 250 288 3 gor | av | 052 | 104 | 156 | 208 | 260 30 4 c | 63 | 125 | ‘tes | ‘250 | ‘ars 450 a se | .o42 | 088 | 125 | .167 | 208 30 uw} 50] 75 | 100 | 125] 160 167 ger | au | 108 | 162 | 216 | 270 | 224 36 c| 75 | 119 | ‘150 | 188 | ‘225 313, se | 086 | .130 | 173 | 216 | 259 36 wy} 20] 40] 60| 80 94 ae | au | .080 | .160 | 240 | 320 375 e| 35] 70 | ‘05 | “140 205 se | .064 | 128 | 192 | 256 375 u| 2} 30] 40 35 ger | Su | 136 | 208 | 273 375 | 40} "60 | a0 138 sc | 109 | t64 | ate 375 uf 10] 20] 90 34 gar | Su | 100 | 249 | 228 375 c| 23] 45] 68 97 ac | 087 | 178 | 262 375 uv} 10] 20 22 au | 167 | 933 375 cy c 25 50 1 ac | 198 | .267 375 ¢ ISCONCENTRATED LOAD LBS/FT WIDTH Ac IS DEFLECTION UNDER CONCENTRATED LOAD u IS UNIFORM LOAD LBS/FT@ ‘Au IS DEFLECTION UNDER UNIFORM LOAD 119 Rev. 11.90FLAT SHEET Allowable Loads EXTREN® 500, 525, and 625 ‘Sheet spanning in Lengthwise Direction For allowable loads when sheet is spanning in crosswise direction, multiply table values by 0.70 L= 1,00 in‘/ft, of width S = 2.00 nif. of width LOAD/DEFLECTION TABLE 1” Thickness ‘Wtift? = 9.27 Ibs ene ISpan rend inches onva w ] 100 | 200] 400] 600 ] 800 | 1000 | 2000 | 4000 | 6000 | 000 ]10,000] 10677, tar [Au | 001 | .002 | .005 | .007 | .o09 | 014 | 023 | .045 | 1068 | 090) 113] 12 e | 50 | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 1000 | 2000 | 3000 | 4000 | 5000] 6667 ac | 001 | .002 | .004 | .005 | .007 | .009 | .o18 | 036 | 054] .072| .090| 12 w | 100 | 200 | 400 | 600 | 800 | 1000 | 2000 | S000 3188 ter |u| 006 | .o11 | 023 | 034 | 048 | 057 | 114 | 171 18 ¢ | 75 | 150 | 300 | 450 | 600 | 750 | 1500 | 2250 2956 ac _| .005 | 009 | .o18 | 027 | .036 | 046 | .091 | 137 18 w | 100 | 200 | 400 | 600 | 800 | 1000 | 1200 1333 age [Au | 018 | 036 | 072 | 108 | 144 | 180] 216 24 e | 100 | ‘200 | “400 | ‘600 | ‘a00 | 1000 | 1200 1667 Ac | .014 | .029 | .058 | .086 | 115 144 | 173 24 ao u | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | s00 | 600 82 gor [au | 044 | 088 | 192 | .176 | 220 | 264 “30 c | 125 | ‘260 | ‘375 | ‘500 | 625 | 750 1068 ac _| .035 | .070 | .105 | .141 | .176 | 211 20 u | 60 | 100 | 180 | 200 | 250 | 300 396 gor [Au | 046 | 091 | 137 | 182 | 228 | 273 36 | 75 | 180 | ‘225 | ‘300 | a7 | “450 740 ac _| .036 | 073 | .109 | .146 | 182 | 219 36 u | so] 75{ 100] 125 | 160 | 200 248 aor [du | 084 | 127 | 169 | 211 | 253 | 338 42 c | 88 | 132 | 175 | 219 | 263 | ‘350 544 ac _| 068 | 101 | .135 | 169 | 203 | 270 42 u | 20] 40] 60] #0 | 100] 150 167 ger |u| 058 | 115 | 173 | 230 | 288 | 432 48 © | 40 | 20 | 120 | 160 | 200 | ‘300 416 ac | .046 | 092 | 138 | 164 | 230 | 46 48 u | 20} 40] 60| #0] 100 108 sar [Au | 092 | .185 | 277 | 369 | 461 50 e | 45] "90 | 135 | ‘20 | ‘205, 305 Ac _| .o74 | 148 | 221 | .295 | 369 50 u| 20] 4] 60 7 gor [Au | 141 | 281 | 422 50 ¢ | 50] ‘00 | 150 2a} ac | 113 | 225 | 338 50 ¢ IS CONCENTRATED LOAD LBS/FT WIDTH - Ac IS DEFLECTION UNDER CONCENTRATED LOAD u IS UNIFORM LOAD LBS/FT2 Au IS DEFLECTION UNDER UNIFORM LOAD 11-10FLAT SHEET Allowable Loads for Two-Way Design EXTREN® 500, 525, and 625 Allowable loads produce a deflection of t/2 or 1/100 whichever is less. 2 22 [Sheet Reinforcement Direction 1-1 [Reinforcement Direction 2 - 2 Dimensions Sheet Thickness—i Sheet Thickness: ie) ere 1[ 34[ se 12] 30 1[ 34[ sel 12] 30 Cc 13 | 36 | 2727 | 1258| 711 | 355 | 151 | 3896 | 1798 | tore | 508 | 216 24 | 48 | 12it| soe] 204 | 151 | 49 | 1731] 724] 421] 216) 71 30 | 60 | 619| 261| 151 | 64] 20 36 | 72 | 369] 151} 75] 31) — 42 | 84 | 225] a5) 41] 16] — 4 | 96 | 151] so] 24] —| — 18 | 18 | 9473 | 4390 | 2465 | 1232 | 546 | 9473 | 4300 | 2465 | 1232 | S46 24 | 24 | 4210} 1751 | 1021 | 524] 172 | 4210 | 1751 | 1021 | 524 | 172 30 | 30 | 2142} 909] 526| 228] 70 | 2142) 909] 526] 223] 70 36 | 36 | 1241 | s21| 262] 107] 34 | 1241 | 521] 262| 107] 34 42 | 42 | 77] 295] 142] 958] —| 777| 295| 142] 5a} — 4a | 48 | sea] 173| 3| 34] —| saa] 173| e3| 34] — 18 | 27 | 3599 | 1680 | 954] 475] 203 | 5142 | 2400 | 1364 | 679 | 200 24 | 36 | 1622] 679} 390| 202] 66 | 2318| 970] 558| 289] 95 30 | 45 | 829] 350] 202) 86] 27 | 1185] 501] 289] 123] 39 36 | sa | aaa) 203} 101] 41| 12 : 42 | 63 | 02] 114| 54] 22) — 48_| 72 | 202| 66} a2] 12] — Teel Wat