MATERIALS HANDLING,

Chapter

26 STORAGE & DISTRIBUTION FOOD

MATERIAL HANDLINGS
WHY? HOW? BOOK BY PROCESSING
To optimize product A systems approach to planning a handling P. FELLOWS TECHNOLOGY
quality scheme PRINCIPLES
& PRACTICE
To minimize costs The use of unit loads and bulk handling
To increase productions Continuous methods of handling
efficiencies Automation

Efficient material WASTE MANAGEMENT Cost: Mogden Formula

AND DISPOSAL
handlings:
The organized movement of materials in
the correct quantities, to and from the
correct place, accomplished with a
minimum of time, labor, wastage and
expenditure, and with maximum safety.
Production Planning
A systems approach that covers raw
materials and ingredients, in-process
stock and distribution of finished
products to consumers is needed.
This creates optimum flows of
materials, in the correct sequence
throughout the production process,
and avoids bottlenecks or shortages.
FACT:
Solid wastes and liquid effluents are
produced in large quantities by food
processing. They arise due to cleaning and
preparation of raw materials, spillages and
cleaning of equipment and floors, and
change-overs to different products.
In large processing plants or those located in
unpopulated areas, effluent treatment can
be carried out on-site in purpose-built
facilities, but the effluent from most food
factories is treated by municipal authorities
or private water utilities.
+ +
+ ( )
C total charge per m3 of trade effluent,
R reception and transport charge per m3,
V volumetric and primary treatment charge per m3 in effluent
treatment works that do not have biological treatment,
VB volumetric and primary treatment charge per m3 in effluent
treatment works that have biological treatment,
VM treatment and disposal charge per m3 at non-designated sea
outfalls,
M treatment and disposal charge per m3 at designated sea outfalls,
Ot COD (mg/l) of trade effluent after 1 h settlement,
B biological oxidation charge per m3 of settled sewage,
St total suspended solids (mg/l),
S treatment and disposal charge per m3 of primary sludge,
Os mean strength (COD) of settled sewage at treatment works
(currently 453 mg /L),
Ss mean suspended solids at treatment works (currently 395 mg/L)

HANDLING EQUIPMENT FOR RAW MATERIAL & INGREDIENTS

FOR PROCESSING Handling system
Silos for fresh crops

Use of sensors
Circular

U-shaped
STORAGE &
Odd-angle STORAGE DISTRIBUTION
Types:
Should: buffer (or safety) inventory, to compensate for
uncertainties in supply or demand
Straight Line
cycle inventory for ones not in immediate
demand
anticipation inventory for seasonal demand
Materials Handling pipeline (or in-transit) inventory for ones
Equipment moved from supply to demand
Conveyor
Function: movement of solid
DISTRIBUTION
materials Serpentine / zig-zag
Main Factors Field Orchard Field
Types : Belt, Roller, Chain, providing the consumer
Pneumatic with products at the
Elevator right place, at the right Packing station
Bucket : moving powders and Layout Patterns for time and in the right
particulate foods Plant & Equipment amount
Warehouse at port/airport
Magnetic : conveying can with reducing the cost to a
canneries Sanitary equipment minimum (distribution
Ship or aircraft
design is an expense but does
Pumps and Valves not add value to a
Equipment surface: inert, non Warehouse at port/airport
Movement of liquid product)
porous, also accessible for cleaning
Pump selection : Product type maintaining the product
and flowrate, pipework coupling and inspection
Self-draining quality throughout the Distribution depot
type, etc
Valves : butterfly, single and Minimum number of dead spaces distribution chain.
double seat diaphragm, safety, Protect food from external Wholesaler
Wholesaler
vacuum, modulating, check, and contamination
sampling Caterer Retailer Retailer Caterer

Consumer

DAVITA KRISTABEL M (1406605830), JIHAN PUTRA R (1406605805), HARIS ABDUL AZIZ (1406605755)