Bali

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This article is about the Indonesian island. For other uses, see Bali
(disambiguation).
Bali
???
Province
Amed banner sunset.jpg
GarudaWisnuKencana head.jpg Tanah-Lot Bali Indonesia Pura-Tanah-Lot-01.jpg
Panorama of Bali from Besakih - Mother temple.jpg
Snorkeling Pemuteran Bali 2.jpg Listening To The Sound of Peace Under The
Sunset.jpg
Balinese Dancer (Imagicity 1248).jpg Balinese vrouwen in een processie bij een
festival in Ubud, -7 Aug. 2009 a.jpg Balinese girl with offering.jpg
From top, left to right:
Sunset over Amed beach with Mount Agung in the background, Garuda Wisnu Kencana
monument, Tanah Lot temple, view from top of Besakih Temple, scuba diving around
Pemuteran, sunset over Kuta Beach, and various traditional Balinese people
activities
Official seal of Bali
Seal
Nickname(s): Pulau Dewata (Island of Deities), Island of Gods, Island of Peace,
Morning of The World, Island of Hinduism, Island of Love[1]
Motto: ??? ????? ??
Bali Dwipa Jaya (Balinese)
(meaning: Glorious Bali Island)
Location of Bali in Indonesia (shown in green)
Location of Bali in Indonesia (shown in green)
Coordinates: 839'S 11513'ECoordinates: 839'S 11513'E
Country Indonesia
Capital Lambang Denpasar City.png Denpasar
Government
Governor I Made Mangku Pastika (PD)
Vice Governor I Ketut Sudikerta
Area
Total 5,780 km2 (2,230 sq mi)
Population (2014)
Total 4,225,384
Density 730/km2 (1,900/sq mi)
Demographics
Ethnic groups Balinese (90%), Javanese (7%), Baliaga (1%), Madurese (1%)[2]
Religion Hindu (83.5%), Muslim (13.4%), Christian (2.5%), Buddhist (0.5%)[3]
Languages Indonesian (official), Balinese, Balinese Malay
Time zone WITA (UTC+08)
Vehicle registration DK
HDI Increase 0.724 (High)
HDI rank 5th out of 34 (2014) province of Indonesia
Website www.baliprov.go.id
Bali (island)
Native name: Pulau Bali
BaliLandsat001.jpg
Bali Island, Indonesia
Geography
Archipelago Lesser Sunda Islands
Area 5,636 km2 (2,176 sq mi)[4]
Length 145 km (90.1 mi)
Width 80 km (50 mi)
Highest elevation 3,148 m (10,328 ft)
Highest point Mount Agung
Administration
Indonesia
Province Bali
Largest settlement Denpasar (pop. 834,881)
Demographics
Ethnic groups Balinese, Javanese, Sasak
This article contains Balinese alphabet. Without proper rendering support,
you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Balinese characters.
Bali (Balinese: ???, Indonesian: Pulau Bali, Provinsi Bali) is an island and
province of Indonesia. The province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller
neighbouring islands, notably Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan and Nusa Ceningan. It is
located at the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, between Java to the
west and Lombok to the east. Its capital, Denpasar, is located in the southern part
of the island.

With a population of 3,890,757 in the 2010 census,[5] and 4,225,000 as of January

2014,[6] the island is home to most of Indonesia's Hindu minority. According to the
2010 Census, 83.5% of Bali's population adhered to Balinese Hinduism,[3] followed
by 13.4% Muslim, Christianity at 2.5% and Buddhism 0.5%.[7]

Bali is a popular tourist destination, which has seen a significant rise in

tourists since the 1980s.[8] Tourism-related business makes up 80% of its economy.
[citation needed] It is renowned for its highly developed arts, including
traditional and modern dance, sculpture, painting, leather, metalworking and music.
The Indonesian International Film Festival is held every year in Bali. In March
2017, TripAdvisor named Bali as the world's top destination in its Traveller's
Choice award.[9]

Bali is part of the Coral Triangle, the area with the highest biodiversity of
marine species.[10] In this area alone, over 500 reef-building coral species can be
found. For comparison, this is about 7 times as many as in the entire Caribbean.
[11] Most recently, Bali was the host of the 2011 ASEAN Summit, 2013 APEC and Miss
World 2013. Bali is the home of the Subak irrigation system, a UNESCO World
Heritage Site.[12] It is also home to a unified confederation of kingdoms composed
of 10 traditional royal Balinese houses, where each house rules a specific
geographic area. The confederation is the successor of the Bali Kingdom.[13] The
royal houses are not recognised by the government of Indonesia; however, they have
been operational since their establishment prior to Dutch colonisation.[14]

Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 Ancient
1.2 Portuguese contacts
1.3 Dutch East Indies
1.4 Independence from the Dutch
1.5 Contemporary
2 Geography
3 Climate
4 Ecology
5 Environment
6 Administrative divisions
7 Economy
7.1 Agriculture
7.2 Tourism
8 Transportation
9 Demographics
9.1 Ethnic origins
9.2 Caste system
9.3 Religion
9.4 Language
10 Culture
10.1 Festivals
11 Sports
12 Heritage sites
13 Beauty pageant
14 International partnerships
15 Gallery
16 See also
17 References
18 Bibliography
19 Further reading
20 External links
History[edit]
Main article: History of Bali
Ancient[edit]
Bali was inhabited around 2000 BC by Austronesian people who migrated originally
from Southeast Asia and Oceania through Maritime Southeast Asia.[15][16] Culturally
and linguistically, the Balinese are closely related to the people of the
Indonesian archipelago, Malaysia, the Philippines and Oceania.[16] Stone tools
dating from this time have been found near the village of Cekik in the island's
west.[17][18]

In ancient Bali, nine Hindu sects existed, namely Pasupata, Bhairawa, Siwa
Shidanta, Waisnawa, Bodha, Brahma, Resi, Sora and Ganapatya. Each sect revered a
specific deity as its personal Godhead.[19]

Inscriptions from 896 and 911 don't mention a king, until 914, when Sri Kesarivarma
is mentioned. They also reveal an independent Bali, with a distinct dialect, where
Buddhism and Sivaism were practiced simultaneously. Mpu Sindok's great-
granddaughter, Mahendradatta (Gunapriyadharmapatni), married the Bali king Udayana
Warmadewa (Dharmodayanavarmadeva) around 989, giving birth to Airlangga around
1001. This marriage also brought more Hinduism and Javanese culture to Bali.
Princess Sakalendukirana appeared in 1098. Suradhipa reigned from 1115 to 1119, and
Jayasakti from 1146 until 1150. Jayapangus appears on inscriptions between 1178 and
1181, while Adikuntiketana and his son Paramesvara in 1204.[20]:129,144,168,180

Balinese culture was strongly influenced by Indian, Chinese, and particularly Hindu
culture, beginning around the 1st century AD. The name Bali dwipa ("Bali island")
has been discovered from various inscriptions, including the Blanjong pillar
inscription written by Sri Kesari Warmadewa in 914 AD and mentioning "Walidwipa".
It was during this time that the people developed their complex irrigation system
subak to grow rice in wet-field cultivation. Some religious and cultural traditions
still practiced today can be traced to this period.

The Hindu Majapahit Empire (12931520 AD) on eastern Java founded a Balinese colony
in 1343. The uncle of Hayam Wuruk is mentioned in the charters of 138486. A mass
Javanese immigration to Bali occurred in the next century when the Majapahit Empire
fell in 1520.[20]:234,240 Bali's government then became an independent collection
of Hindu kingdoms which led to a Balinese national identity and major enhancements
in culture, arts, and economy. The nation with various kingdoms became independent
for up to 386 years until 1906, when the Dutch subjugated and repulsed the natives
for economic control and took it over.[21]

Kandapat Sari statue in Semarapura, one of old settlements in Bali. Historically,

Balinese art and culture is born and based in this town.
Portuguese contacts[edit]
The first known European contact with Bali is thought to have been made in 1512,
when a Portuguese expedition led by Antonio Abreu and Francisco Serrao sighted its
northern shores. It was the first expedition of a series of bi-annual fleets to the
Moluccas, that throughout the 16th century usually traveled along the coasts of the
Sunda Islands. Bali was also mapped in 1512, in the chart of Francisco Rodrigues,
aboard the expedition.[22] In 1585, a ship foundered off the Bukit Peninsula and
left a few Portuguese in the service of Dewa Agung.[23]

Dutch East Indies[edit]

Puputan monument
In 1597, the Dutch explorer Cornelis de Houtman arrived at Bali, and the Dutch East
India Company was established in 1602. The Dutch government expanded its control
across the Indonesian archipelago during the second half of the 19th century (see
Dutch East Indies). Dutch political and economic control over Bali began in the
1840s on the island's north coast, when the Dutch pitted various competing Balinese
realms against each other.[24] In the late 1890s, struggles between Balinese
kingdoms in the island's south were exploited by the Dutch to increase their
control.

In June 1860, the famous Welsh naturalist, Alfred Russel Wallace, travelled to Bali
from Singapore, landing at Buleleng on the north coast of the island. Wallace's
trip to Bali was instrumental in helping him devise his Wallace Line theory. The
Wallace Line is a faunal boundary that runs through the strait between Bali and
Lombok. It has been found to be a boundary between species. In his travel memoir
The Malay Archipelago, Wallace wrote of his experience in Bali, of which has strong
mention of the unique Balinese irrigation methods:

I was both astonished and delighted; for as my visit to Java was some years later,
I had never beheld so beautiful and well-cultivated a district out of Europe. A
slightly undulating plain extends from the seacoast about ten or twelve miles (16
or 19 kilometres) inland, where it is bounded by a fine range of wooded and
cultivated hills. Houses and villages, marked out by dense clumps of coconut palms,
tamarind and other fruit trees, are dotted about in every direction; while between
them extend luxurious rice-grounds, watered by an elaborate system of irrigation
that would be the pride of the best cultivated parts of Europe.[25]

The Dutch mounted large naval and ground assaults at the Sanur region in 1906 and
were met by the thousands of members of the royal family and their followers who
rather than yield to the superior Dutch force committed ritual suicide (puputan) to
avoid the humiliation of surrender.[24] Despite Dutch demands for surrender, an
estimated 200 Balinese killed themselves rather than surrender.[26] In the Dutch
intervention in Bali, a similar mass suicide occurred in the face of a Dutch
assault in Klungkung. Afterward the Dutch governors exercised administrative
control over the island, but local control over religion and culture generally
remained intact. Dutch rule over Bali came later and was never as well established
as in other parts of Indonesia such as Java and Maluku.

In the 1930s, anthropologists Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson, artists Miguel
Covarrubias and Walter Spies, and musicologist Colin McPhee all spent time here.
Their accounts of the island and its peoples created a western image of Bali as "an
enchanted land of aesthetes at peace with themselves and nature." Western tourists
began to visit the island.[27] The sensuous image of Bali was enhanced in the West
by a quasi-pornographic 1932 documentary Virgins of Bali about a day in the lives
of two teenage Balinese girls whom the film's narrator Deane Dickason notes in the
first scene "bathe their shamelessly nude bronze bodies".[28] Under the looser
version of the Haynes code that existed up to 1934, nudity involving "civilised"
(i.e. white) women was banned, but permitted with "uncivilised" (i.e. all non-white
women), a loophole that was exploited by the producers of Virgins of Bali.[29] The
film, which mostly consisted of scenes of topless Balinese women was a great
success in 1932, and almost single-handedly made Bali into a popular spot for
tourists.[30]

The Bali bombings monument

Imperial Japan occupied Bali during World War II. It was not originally a target in
their Netherlands East Indies Campaign, but as the airfields on Borneo were
inoperative due to heavy rains, the Imperial Japanese Army decided to occupy Bali,
which did not suffer from comparable weather. The island had no regular Royal
Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL) troops. There was only a Native Auxiliary Corps
Prajoda (Korps Prajoda) consisting of about 600 native soldiers and several Dutch
KNIL officers under the command of KNIL Lieutenant Colonel W.P. Roodenburg. On 19
February 1942 the Japanese forces landed near the town of Senoer [Senur]. The
island was quickly captured.[31]

During the Japanese occupation, a Balinese military officer, Gusti Ngurah Rai,
formed a Balinese 'freedom army'. The harshness of Japanese occupation forces made
them more resented than the Dutch colonial rulers.[32]

Independence from the Dutch[edit]

In 1946, the Dutch constituted Bali as one of the 13 administrative districts of
the newly proclaimed State of East Indonesia, a rival state to the Republic of
Indonesia, which was proclaimed and headed by Sukarno and Hatta. Bali was included
in the "Republic of the United States of Indonesia" when the Netherlands recognised
Indonesian independence on 29 December 1949.[33] The first governor of Bali, Anak
Agung Bagus Suteja, was appointed by President Sukarno in 1958, when Bali became a
province.[34]

Contemporary[edit]
The 1963 eruption of Mount Agung killed thousands, created economic havoc and
forced many displaced Balinese to be transmigrated to other parts of Indonesia.
Mirroring the widening of social divisions across Indonesia in the 1950s and early
1960s, Bali saw conflict between supporters of the traditional caste system, and
those rejecting this system. Politically, the opposition was represented by
supporters of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and the Indonesian Nationalist
Party (PNI), with tensions and ill-feeling further increased by the PKI's land
reform programs.[24] An attempted coup in Jakarta was put down by forces led by
General Suharto.

The army became the dominant power as it instigated a violent anti-communist purge,
in which the army blamed the PKI for the coup. Most estimates suggest that at least
500,000 people were killed across Indonesia, with an estimated 80,000 killed in
Bali, equivalent to 5% of the island's population.[24][27][35] With no Islamic
forces involved as in Java and Sumatra, upper-caste PNI landlords led the
extermination of PKI members.[35]

As a result of the 1965-66 upheavals, Suharto was able to manoeuvre Sukarno out of
the presidency. His "New Order" government reestablished relations with western
countries. The pre-War Bali as "paradise" was revived in a modern form. The
resulting large growth in tourism has led to a dramatic increase in Balinese
standards of living and significant foreign exchange earned for the country.[24] A
bombing in 2002 by militant Islamists in the tourist area of Kuta killed 202
people, mostly foreigners. This attack, and another in 2005, severely reduced
tourism, producing much economic hardship to the island.

Geography[edit]
See also: List of bodies of water in Bali and List of mountains in Bali
Mount Agung, the highest peak on Bali

An islet just south of Bali made of pillow basalt. Much of Bali is made of volcanic
rock.
The island of Bali lies 3.2 km (2 mi) east of Java, and is approximately 8 degrees
south of the equator. Bali and Java are separated by the Bali Strait. East to west,
the island is approximately 153 km (95 mi) wide and spans approximately 112 km (69
mi) north to south; administratively it covers 5,780 km2, or 5,577 km2 without Nusa
Penida District,[36] its population density is roughly 750 people/km2.

Bali's central mountains include several peaks over 2,000 metres (6,600 feet) in
elevation and active volcanoes such as Mount Batur. The highest is Mount Agung
(3,031 m (9,944 ft)), known as the "mother mountain" which is an active volcano
rated as one of the world's most likely sites for a massive eruption within the
next 100 years.[37] As of late 2017 Mount Agung has started erupting and large
numbers of people have been evacuated, the airport in Bali has been closed. The
extent of the eruption is as of November 2017 impossible to predict.[38] See Mount
Agung, 2017 seismic activity and eruption. Mountains range from centre to the
eastern side, with Mount Agung the easternmost peak. Bali's volcanic nature has
contributed to its exceptional fertility and its tall mountain ranges provide the
high rainfall that supports the highly productive agriculture sector. South of the
mountains is a broad, steadily descending area where most of Bali's large rice crop
is grown. The northern side of the mountains slopes more steeply to the sea and is
the main coffee producing area of the island, along with rice, vegetables and
cattle. The longest river, Ayung River, flows approximately 75 km (see List of
rivers of Bali).

The island is surrounded by coral reefs. Beaches in the south tend to have white
sand while those in the north and west have black sand. Bali has no major
waterways, although the Ho River is navigable by small sampan boats. Black sand
beaches between Pasut and Klatingdukuh are being developed for tourism, but apart
from the seaside temple of Tanah Lot, they are not yet used for significant
tourism.

Subak irrigation system

The largest city is the provincial capital, Denpasar, near the southern coast. Its
population is around 491,500 (2002). Bali's second-largest city is the old colonial
capital, Singaraja, which is located on the north coast and is home to around
100,000 people.[39] Other important cities include the beach resort, Kuta, which is
practically part of Denpasar's urban area, and Ubud, situated at the north of
Denpasar, is the island's cultural centre.[40]

Three small islands lie to the immediate south east and all are administratively
part of the Klungkung regency of Bali: Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan and Nusa
Ceningan. These islands are separated from Bali by the Badung Strait.

To the east, the Lombok Strait separates Bali from Lombok and marks the
biogeographical division between the fauna of the Indomalayan ecozone and the
distinctly different fauna of Australasia. The transition is known as the Wallace
Line, named after Alfred Russel Wallace, who first proposed a transition zone
between these two major biomes. When sea levels dropped during the Pleistocene ice
age, Bali was connected to Java and Sumatra and to the mainland of Asia and shared
the Asian fauna, but the deep water of the Lombok Strait continued to keep Lombok
Island and the Lesser Sunda archipelago isolated.

Climate[edit]
Being just 8 degrees south of the equator, Bali has a fairly even climate year
round. Average year-round temperature stands at around 30C with a humidity level
of about 85%.[41]

Day time temperatures at low elevations vary between 2033C (6891F), but the
temperatures decrease significantly with increasing elevation.

The west monsoon is in place from approximately October to April, and this can
bring significant rain, particularly from December to March. During the Easter and
Christmas holidays the weather is very unpredictable.[42]

Outside of the monsoon period, humidity is relatively low and any rain is unlikely
in lowland areas.

Ecology[edit]

The Bali myna is found only on Bali and is critically endangered.

Bali lies just to the west of the Wallace Line,[43] and thus has a fauna that is
Asian in character, with very little Australasian influence, and has more in common
with Java than with Lombok.[44] An exception is the yellow-crested cockatoo, a
member of a primarily Australasian family. There are around 280 species of birds,
including the critically endangered Bali myna, which is endemic. Others include
barn swallow, black-naped oriole, black racket-tailed treepie, crested serpent-
eagle, crested treeswift, dollarbird, Java sparrow, lesser adjutant, long-tailed
shrike, milky stork, Pacific swallow, red-rumped swallow, sacred kingfisher, sea
eagle, woodswallow, savanna nightjar, stork-billed kingfisher, yellow-vented bulbul
and great egret.

Until the early 20th century, Bali was home to several large mammals: the wild
banteng, leopard and the endemic Bali tiger. The banteng still occurs in its
domestic form, whereas leopards are found only in neighbouring Java, and the Bali
tiger is extinct. The last definite record of a tiger on Bali dates from 1937, when
one was shot, though the subspecies may have survived until the 1940s or 1950s.[45]

Monkeys in Uluwatu
Squirrels are quite commonly encountered, less often is the Asian palm civet, which
is also kept in coffee farms to produce Kopi Luwak. Bats are well represented,
perhaps the most famous place to encounter them remaining is the Goa Lawah (Temple
of the Bats) where they are worshipped by the locals and also constitute a tourist
attraction. They also occur in other cave temples, for instance at Gangga Beach.
Two species of monkey occur. The crab-eating macaque, known locally as "kera", is
quite common around human settlements and temples, where it becomes accustomed to
being fed by humans, particularly in any of the three "monkey forest" temples, such
as the popular one in the Ubud area. They are also quite often kept as pets by
locals. The second monkey, endemic to Java and some surrounding islands such as
Bali, is far rarer and more elusive and is the Javan langur, locally known as
"lutung". They occur in few places apart from the Bali Barat National Park. They
are born an orange colour, though by their first year they would have already
changed to a more blackish colouration.[citation needed] In Java however, there is
more of a tendency for this species to retain its juvenile orange colour into
adulthood, and so you can see a mixture of black and orange monkeys together as a
family. Other rarer mammals include the leopard cat, Sunda pangolin and black giant
squirrel.

Snakes include the king cobra and reticulated python. The water monitor can grow to
at least 1.5 m (4.9 ft) in length and 50 kg (110 lb)[46] and can move quickly.

The rich coral reefs around the coast, particularly around popular diving spots
such as Tulamben, Amed, Menjangan or neighbouring Nusa Penida, host a wide range of
marine life, for instance hawksbill turtle, giant sunfish, giant manta ray, giant
moray eel, bumphead parrotfish, hammerhead shark, reef shark, barracuda, and sea
snakes. Dolphins are commonly encountered on the north coast near Singaraja and
Lovina.[47]

Selfie with Giant Manta, Bali

A team of scientists conducted a survey from 29 April 2011 to 11 May 2011 at 33 sea
sites around Bali. They discovered 952 species of reef fish of which 8 were new
discoveries at Pemuteran, Gilimanuk, Nusa Dua, Tulamben and Candidasa, and 393
coral species, including two new ones at Padangbai and between Padangbai and Amed.
[48] The average coverage level of healthy coral was 36% (better than in Raja Ampat
and Halmahera by 29% or in Fakfak and Kaimana by 25%) with the highest coverage
found in Gili Selang and Gili Mimpang in Candidasa, Karangasem regency.[49]

Among the larger trees the most common are: banyan trees, jackfruit, coconuts,
bamboo species, acacia trees and also endless rows of coconuts and banana species.
Numerous flowers can be seen: hibiscus, frangipani, bougainvillea, poinsettia,
oleander, jasmine, water lily, lotus, roses, begonias, orchids and hydrangeas
exist. On higher grounds that receive more moisture, for instance around Kintamani,
certain species of fern trees, mushrooms and even pine trees thrive well. Rice
comes in many varieties. Other plants with agricultural value include: salak,
mangosteen, corn, kintamani orange, coffee and water spinach.[citation needed]

Environment[edit]

Rice terraces in Bali

Some of the worst erosion has occurred in Lebih Beach, where up to seven metres (23
feet) of land is lost every year. Decades ago, this beach was used for holy
pilgrimages with more than 10,000 people, but they have now moved to Masceti Beach.
[50]

From ranked third in previous review, in 2010 Bali got score 99.65 of Indonesia's
environmental quality index and the highest of all the 33 provinces. The score
measured three water quality parameters: the level of total suspended solids (TSS),
dissolved oxygen (DO) and chemical oxygen demand (COD).[51]

Because of over-exploitation by the tourist industry which covers a massive land

area, 200 out of 400 rivers on the island have dried up and based on research, the
southern part of Bali would face a water shortage up to 2,500 litres of clean water
per second by 2015.[52] To ease the shortage, the central government plans to build
a water catchment and processing facility at Petanu River in Gianyar. The 300
litres capacity of water per second will be channelled to Denpasar, Badung and
Gianyar in 2013.[53]

Administrative divisions[edit]
The province is divided into eight regencies (kabupaten) and one city (kota). These
are:

Name Capital Area in

km2 Population
2000 Census Population
2010 Census Population
2014 estimate HDI[54]
2014 estimate
Denpasar City Denpasar 127.78 532,440 788,589 856,412 0.816
(Very High)
Badung Regency Mangupura 418.52 345,863 543,332 590,062 0.779
(High)
Bangli Regency Bangli 490.71 193,776 215,353 233,875 0.657
(Medium)
Buleleng Regency Singaraja 1,364.73 558,181 624,125 677,803 0.691
(Medium)
Gianyar Regency Gianyar 368.00 393,155 469,777 510,180 0.742
(High)
Jembrana Regency Negara 841.80 231,806 261,638 284,140 0.686
(Medium)
Karangasem Regency Amlapura 839.54 360,486 396,487 430,587
0.640 (Medium)
Klungkung Regency Semarapura 315.00 155,262 170,543 185,211 0.683
(Medium)
Tabanan Regency Tabanan 839.30 376,030 420,913 457,114 0.726
(High)
Totals 5,780.06 3,146,999 3,890,757 4,225,384 0.724 (High)
Economy[edit]
In 1970s, the Balinese economy was largely agriculture-based in terms of both
output and employment.[55] Tourism is now the largest single industry in terms of
income, and as a result, Bali is one of Indonesia's wealthiest regions. In 2003,
around 80% of Bali's economy was tourism related.[56] By end of June 2011, non-
performing loan of all banks in Bali were 2.23%, lower than the average of
Indonesian banking industry non-performing loan (about 5%).[57] The economy,
however, suffered significantly as a result of the terrorist bombings 2002 and
2005. The tourism industry has since recovered from these events.

Agriculture[edit]

Wood carving in Bali

Although tourism produces the GDP's largest output, agriculture is still the
island's biggest employer.[58] Fishing also provides a significant number of jobs.
Bali is also famous for its artisans who produce a vast array of handicrafts,
including batik and ikat cloth and clothing, wooden carvings, stone carvings,
painted art and silverware. Notably, individual villages typically adopt a single
product, such as wind chimes or wooden furniture.

The Arabica coffee production region is the highland region of Kintamani near Mount
Batur. Generally, Balinese coffee is processed using the wet method. This results
in a sweet, soft coffee with good consistency. Typical flavours include lemon and
other citrus notes.[59] Many coffee farmers in Kintamani are members of a
traditional farming system called Subak Abian, which is based on the Hindu
philosophy of "Tri Hita Karana". According to this philosophy, the three causes of
happiness are good relations with God, other people, and the environment. The Subak
Abian system is ideally suited to the production of fair trade and organic coffee
production. Arabica coffee from Kintamani is the first product in Indonesia to
request a geographical indication.[60]

Tourism[edit]
# Nationality Tourists
1. Australia 1,137,413
2. China 986,026
3. Japan 234,590
4. United Kingdom 221,149
5. India 186,638
6. Malaysia 179,451
7. United States 170,283
8. France 165,160
9. Germany 153,861
10. South Korea 149,481
11. Singapore 136,299
12. Taiwan 134,011
13. Netherlands 95,707
14. New Zealand 84,330
15. Russia 66,967
16. Canada 53,756
As of 2016 [61][62][63]

Canyoning in Gitgit Waterfall, Bali, Indonesia

The Tirta Empul Temple draws tourists who seek its holy waters.

Pura Taman Ayun, another temple which is a popular tourist destination

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Ulun Danu Temple, located in Bratan Lake

In 1963 the Bali Beach Hotel in Sanur was built by Sukarno, and boosted tourism in
Bali. Prior to it, only three hotels existed on the island.[64] Construction of
hotels and restaurants began to spread throughout Bali. Tourism further increased
on Bali after the Ngurah Rai International Airport opened in 1970. The Buleleng
regency government encouraged the tourism sector as one of the mainstays for
economic progress and social welfare.

The tourism industry is primarily focused in the south, while significant in the
other parts of the island as well. The main tourist locations are the town of Kuta
(with its beach), and its outer suburbs of Legian and Seminyak (which were once
independent townships), the east coast town of Sanur (once the only tourist hub),
Ubud towards the center of the island, to the south of the Ngurah Rai International
Airport, Jimbaran, and the newer developments of Nusa Dua and Pecatu.

The United States government lifted its travel warnings in 2008. The Australian
government issued an advisory on Friday, 4 May 2012, with the overall level of this
advisory lowered to 'Exercise a high degree of caution'. The Swedish government
issued a new warning on Sunday, 10 June 2012 because of one tourist who died from
methanol poisoning.[65] Australia last issued an advisory on Monday, 5 January 2015
due to new terrorist threats.[66]

Kuta Beach is a popular tourist spot in Bali.

An offshoot of tourism is the growing real estate industry. Bali's real estate has
been rapidly developing in the main tourist areas of Kuta, Legian, Seminyak and
Oberoi. Most recently, high-end 5-star projects are under development on the Bukit
peninsula, on the south side of the island. Million dollar villas are being
developed along the cliff sides of south Bali, with commanding panoramic ocean
views. Foreign and domestic (many Jakarta individuals and companies are fairly
active) investment into other areas of the island also continues to grow. Land
prices, despite the worldwide economic crisis, have remained stable.

In the last half of 2008, Indonesia's currency had dropped approximately 30%
against the US dollar, providing many overseas visitors value for their currencies.
Visitor arrivals for 2009 were forecast to drop 8% (which would be higher than 2007
levels), mainly due to the worldwide economic crisis which has also affected the
global tourist industry.

Bali's tourism economy survived the terrorist bombings of 2002 and 2005, and the
tourism industry has in fact slowly recovered and surpassed its pre-terrorist
bombing levels; the longterm trend has been a steady increase of visitor arrivals.
In 2010, Bali received 2.57 million foreign tourists, which surpassed the target of
2.02.3 million tourists. The average occupancy of starred hotels achieved 65%, so
the island still should be able to accommodate tourists for some years without any
addition of new rooms/hotels,[67] although at the peak season some of them are
fully booked.

Bali received the Best Island award from Travel and Leisure in 2010.[68] Bali won
because of its attractive surroundings (both mountain and coastal areas), diverse
tourist attractions, excellent international and local restaurants, and the
friendliness of the local people. According to BBC Travel released in 2011, Bali is
one of the World's Best Islands, ranking second after Santorini, Greece.[69]

In August 2010, the film Eat Pray Love was released in theatres. The movie was
based on Elizabeth Gilbert's best-selling memoir Eat, Pray, Love. It took place at
Ubud and Padang-Padang Beach at Bali. The 2006 book, which spent 57 weeks at the
No. 1 spot on the New York Times paperback nonfiction best-seller list, had already
fuelled a boom in Eat, Pray, Love-related tourism in Ubud, the hill town and
cultural and tourist center that was the focus of Gilbert's quest for balance
through traditional spirituality and healing that leads to love.[70]

In January 2016, after music icon David Bowie died, it was revealed that in his
will, Bowie asked for his ashes to be scattered in Bali, conforming to Buddhist
rituals. He had visited and performed in a number of Southeast Asian cities early
in his career, including Bangkok and Singapore.[71]

Since 2011, China has displaced Japan as the second-largest supplier of tourists to
Bali, while Australia still tops the list. Chinese tourists increased by 17% from
last year due to the impact of ACFTA and new direct flights to Bali.[72] In January
2012, Chinese tourists year on year (yoy) increased by 222.18% compared to January
2011, while Japanese tourists declined by 23.54% yoy.[73]

Bali reported that it welcomed 2.88 million foreign tourists and 5 million domestic
tourists in 2012, marginally surpassing the expectations of 2.8 million foreign
tourists.[74]

Based on a Bank Indonesia survey in May 2013, 34.39 percent of tourists are upper-
middle class, spending between $1,286 to $5,592, and are dominated by Australia,
France, China, Germany and the US. Some Chinese tourists have increased their
levels of spending from previous years. 30.26 percent of tourists are middle class,
spending between $662 to $1,285.[75] In 2017 it is expected that Chinese tourists
will surpass Australian tourists as the most visited in Bali.

Transportation[edit]
Ambox current red.svg
This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent
events or newly available information. (December 2012)

A major form of transport in Bali is the scooter.

The Ngurah Rai International Airport is located near Jimbaran, on the isthmus at
the southernmost part of the island. Lt.Col. Wisnu Airfield is found in north-west
Bali.

A coastal road circles the island, and three major two-lane arteries cross the
central mountains at passes reaching to 1,750m in height (at Penelokan). The Ngurah
Rai Bypass is a four-lane expressway that partly encircles Denpasar. Bali has no
railway lines.

In December 2010 the Government of Indonesia invited investors to build a new Tanah
Ampo Cruise Terminal at Karangasem, Bali with a projected worth of $30 million.[76]
On 17 July 2011 the first cruise ship (Sun Princess) anchored about 400 metres
(1,300 feet) away from the wharf of Tanah Ampo harbour. The current pier is only
154 metres (505 feet) but will eventually be extended to 300 to 350 metres
(9801,150 feet) to accommodate international cruise ships. The harbour here is
safer than the existing facility at Benoa and has a scenic backdrop of east Bali
mountains and green rice fields.[77] The tender for improvement was subject to
delays, and as of July 2013 the situation remained unclear with cruise line
operators complaining and even refusing to use the existing facility at Tanah Ampo.
[78]

A Memorandum of Understanding has been signed by two ministers, Bali's Governor and
Indonesian Train Company to build 565 kilometres (351 miles) of railway along the
coast around the island. As of July 2015, no details of this proposed railways have
been released.[79][80]

On 16 March 2011 (Tanjung) Benoa port received the "Best Port Welcome 2010" award
from London's "Dream World Cruise Destination" magazine.[81] Government plans to
expand the role of Benoa port as export-import port to boost Bali's trade and
industry sector.[82] The Tourism and Creative Economy Ministry has confirmed that
306 cruise liners are heading for Indonesia in 2013 an increase of 43 percent
compared to the previous year.[83]

In May 2011, an integrated Aerial Traffic Control System (ATCS) was implemented to
reduce traffic jams at four crossing points: Ngurah Rai statue, Dewa Ruci Kuta
crossing, Jimbaran crossing and Sanur crossing. ATCS is an integrated system
connecting all traffic lights, CCTVs and other traffic signals with a monitoring
office at the police headquarters. It has successfully been implemented in other
ASEAN countries and will be implemented at other crossings in Bali.[84][85]

On 21 December 2011 construction started on the Nusa Dua-Benoa-Ngurah Rai

International Airport toll road which will also provide a special lane for
motorcycles. This has been done by seven state-owned enterprises led by PT Jasa
Marga with 60% of shares. PT Jasa Marga Bali Tol will construct the 9.91-kilometre-
long (6.16-mile) toll road (totally 12.7 kilometres (7.89 miles) with access road).
The construction is estimated to cost Rp.2.49 trillion ($273.9 million). The
project goes through 2 kilometres (1 mile) of mangrove forest and through 2.3
kilometres (1.4 miles) of beach, both within 5.4 hectares (13 acres) area. The
elevated toll road is built over the mangrove forest on 18,000 concrete pillars
which occupied 2 hectares of mangroves forest. This was compensated by the planting
of 300,000 mangrove trees along the road. On 21 December 2011 the Dewa Ruci 450-
metre (1,480-foot) underpass has also started on the busy Dewa Ruci junction near
Bali Kuta Galeria with an estimated cost of Rp136 billion ($14.9 million) from the
state budget.[86][87][88] On 23 September 2013, the Bali Mandara Toll Road was
opened, with the Dewa Ruci Junction (Simpang Siur) underpass being opened
previously.[89]

To solve chronic traffic problems, the province will also build a toll road
connecting Serangan with Tohpati, a toll road connecting Kuta, Denpasar and Tohpati
and a flyover connecting Kuta and Ngurah Rai Airport.[90]

Demographics[edit]
Historical population
Year Pop. %
1971 2,120,322
1980 2,469,930 +16.5%
1990 2,777,811 +12.5%
1995 2,895,649 +4.2%
2000 3,146,999 +8.7%
2005 3,378,092 +7.3%
2010 3,890,757 +15.2%
2014 4,225,384 +8.6%
sources:[91]
The population of Bali was 3,890,757 as of the 2010 Census; the latest estimate
(for January 2014) is 4,225,384. There are an estimated 30,000 expatriates living
in Bali.[92]

Ethnic origins[edit]
A DNA study in 2005 by Karafet et al.[93] found that 12% of Balinese Y-chromosomes
are of likely Indian origin, while 84% are of likely Austronesian origin, and 2% of
likely Melanesian origin. The study does not correlate the DNA samples to the
Balinese caste system.

Caste system[edit]
Main article: Balinese caste system
Pre-modern Bali had four castes, as Jeff Lewis and Belinda Lewis state, but with a
"very strong tradition of communal decision-making and interdependence".[94] The
four castes have been classified as Soedra (Shudra), Wesia (Vaishyas), Satrias
(Kshatriyas) and Brahmana (Brahmin).[95]

The 19th-century scholars such as Crawfurd and Friederich suggested that Balinese
caste had Indian origins, but Helen Creese states that scholars such as Brumund who
had visited and stayed on the island of Bali suggested that his field observations
conflicted with the "received understandings concerning its Indian origins".[96] In
Bali, the Shudra (locally spelled Soedra) have typically been the temple priests,
though depending on the demographics, a temple priest may also be from the other
three castes.[97] In most regions, it has been the Shudra who typically make
offerings to the gods on behalf of the Hindu devotees, chant prayers, recite meweda
(Vedas), and set the course of Balinese temple festivals.[97]

Religion[edit]
Main article: Balinese Hinduism
Religion in Bali (2010 census)[98]
religion percent
Hinduism
?
83.46%
Islam
?
13.37%
Christianity
?
2.47%
Buddhism
?
0.54%
other, not stated or not asked
?
0.15%
Confucianism
0.01%

The Mother Temple of Besakih, one of Bali's most significant Hindu temples

A Ngaben procession for the cremation ceremony[99][100]

Unlike most of Muslim-majority Indonesia, about 83.5% of Bali's population adheres
to Balinese Hinduism, formed as a combination of existing local beliefs and Hindu
influences from mainland Southeast Asia and South Asia. Minority religions include
Islam (13.37%), Christianity (2.47%), and Buddhism (0.5%).[98]
The general beliefs and practices of Agama Hindu Dharma are a mixture of ancient
traditions and contemporary pressures placed by Indonesian laws that permit only
monotheist belief under the national ideology of panca sila.[101][102]
Traditionally, Hinduism in Indonesia had a pantheon of deities and that tradition
of belief continues in practice; further, Hinduism in Indonesia granted freedom and
flexibility to Hindus as to when, how and where to pray.[102] However, officially,
Indonesian government considers and advertises Indonesian Hinduism as a
monotheistic religion with certain officially recognised beliefs that comply with
its national ideology.[101][102][103] Indonesian school text books describe
Hinduism as having one supreme being, Hindus offering three daily mandatory
prayers, and Hinduism as having certain common beliefs that in part parallel those
of Islam.[102][104] Scholars[102][105][106] contest whether these Indonesian
government recognised and assigned beliefs reflect the traditional beliefs and
practices of Hindus in Indonesia before Indonesia gained independence from Dutch
colonial rule.

Balinese Hinduism has roots in Indian Hinduism and Buddhism, that arrived through
Java.[107] Hindu influences reached the Indonesian Archipelago as early as the
first century.[108] Historical evidence is unclear about the diffusion process of
cultural and spiritual ideas from India. Java legends refer to Saka-era, traced to
78 AD. Stories from the Mahabharata Epic have been traced in Indonesian islands to
the 1st century; however, the versions mirror those found in southeast Indian
peninsular region (now Tamil Nadu and southern Andhra Pradesh).[108]

The Bali tradition adopted the pre-existing animistic traditions of the indigenous
people. This influence strengthened the belief that the gods and goddesses are
present in all things. Every element of nature, therefore, possesses its own power,
which reflects the power of the gods. A rock, tree, dagger, or woven cloth is a
potential home for spirits whose energy can be directed for good or evil. Balinese
Hinduism is deeply interwoven with art and ritual. Ritualising states of self-
control are a notable feature of religious expression among the people, who for
this reason have become famous for their graceful and decorous behaviour.[109]

Apart from the majority of Balinese Hindus, there also exist Chinese immigrants
whose traditions have melded with that of the locals. As a result, these Sino-
Balinese not only embrace their original religion, which is a mixture of Buddhism,
Christianity, Taoism and Confucianism, but also find a way to harmonise it with the
local traditions. Hence, it is not uncommon to find local Sino-Balinese during the
local temple's odalan. Moreover, Balinese Hindu priests are invited to perform
rites alongside a Chinese priest in the event of the death of a Sino-Balinese.[110]
Nevertheless, the Sino-Balinese claim to embrace Buddhism for administrative
purposes, such as their Identity Cards.[111]

Language[edit]
Balinese and Indonesian are the most widely spoken languages in Bali, and the vast
majority of Balinese people are bilingual or trilingual. The most common spoken
language around the tourist areas is Indonesian, as many people in the tourist
sector are not solely Balinese, but migrants from Java, Lombok, Sumatra, and other
parts of Indonesia. There are several indigenous Balinese languages, but most
Balinese can also use the most widely spoken option: modern common Balinese. The
usage of different Balinese languages was traditionally determined by the Balinese
caste system and by clan membership, but this tradition is diminishing. Kawi and
Sanskrit are also commonly used by some Hindu priests in Bali, for Hinduism
literature was mostly written in Sanskrit.

English and Chinese are the next most common languages (and the primary foreign
languages) of many Balinese, owing to the requirements of the tourism industry, as
well as the English-speaking community and huge Chinese-Indonesian population.
Other foreign languages, such as Japanese, Korean, French, Russian or German are
often used in multilingual signs for foreign tourists.

Culture[edit]
See also: Balinese art, Music of Bali, and Balinese cuisine

A Kecak dance being performed at Uluwatu, in Bali

Dancer, Bali, c. 2007

Bali is renowned for its diverse and sophisticated art forms, such as painting,
sculpture, woodcarving, handcrafts, and performing arts. Balinese cuisine is also
distinctive. Balinese percussion orchestra music, known as gamelan, is highly
developed and varied. Balinese performing arts often portray stories from Hindu
epics such as the Ramayana but with heavy Balinese influence. Famous Balinese
dances include pendet, legong, baris, topeng, barong, gong keybar, and kecak (the
monkey dance). Bali boasts one of the most diverse and innovative performing arts
cultures in the world, with paid performances at thousands of temple festivals,
private ceremonies, or public shows.[112]

Festivals[edit]

A scene in Bali on Nyepi, the Hindu festival of silence. Everything is deserted,

human footprint minimised.[113]
Throughout the year, there are a number of festivals celebrated locally or island-
wide according to the traditional calendars.[114]

The Hindu New Year, Nyepi, is celebrated in the spring by a day of silence. On this
day everyone stays at home and tourists are encouraged to remain in their hotels.
On the day before New Year, large and colourful sculptures of ogoh-ogoh monsters
are paraded and finally burned in the evening to drive away evil spirits. Other
festivals throughout the year are specified by the Balinese pawukon calendrical
system.

Celebrations are held for many occasions such as a tooth-filing (coming-of-age

ritual), cremation or odalan (temple festival). One of the most important concepts
that Balinese ceremonies have in common is that of dsa kala patra, which refers to
how ritual performances must be appropriate in both the specific and general social
context.[115] Many of the ceremonial art forms such as wayang kulit and topeng are
highly improvisatory, providing flexibility for the performer to adapt the
performance to the current situation.[116] Many celebrations call for a loud,
boisterous atmosphere with lots of activity and the resulting aesthetic, ram, is
distinctively Balinese. Often two or more gamelan ensembles will be performing well
within earshot, and sometimes compete with each other to be heard. Likewise, the
audience members talk amongst themselves, get up and walk around, or even cheer on
the performance, which adds to the many layers of activity and the liveliness
typical of ram.[117]

Cremation in Ubud
Kaja and kelod are the Balinese equivalents of North and South, which refer to ones
orientation between the island's largest mountain Gunung Agung (kaja), and the sea
(kelod). In addition to spatial orientation, kaja and kelod have the connotation of
good and evil; gods and ancestors are believed to live on the mountain whereas
demons live in the sea. Buildings such as temples and residential homes are
spatially oriented by having the most sacred spaces closest to the mountain and the
unclean places nearest to the sea.[115][118]

Most temples have an inner courtyard and an outer courtyard which are arranged with
the inner courtyard furthest kaja. These spaces serve as performance venues since
most Balinese rituals are accompanied by any combination of music, dance and drama.
The performances that take place in the inner courtyard are classified as wali, the
most sacred rituals which are offerings exclusively for the gods, while the outer
courtyard is where bebali ceremonies are held, which are intended for gods and
people. Lastly, performances meant solely for the entertainment of humans take
place outside the walls of the temple and are called bali-balihan. This three-
tiered system of classification was standardised in 1971 by a committee of Balinese
officials and artists to better protect the sanctity of the oldest and most sacred
Balinese rituals from being performed for a paying audience.[119]

Tourism, Bali's chief industry, has provided the island with a foreign audience
that is eager to pay for entertainment, thus creating new performance opportunities
and more demand for performers. The impact of tourism is controversial since before
it became integrated into the economy, the Balinese performing arts did not exist
as a capitalist venture, and were not performed for entertainment outside of their
respective ritual context. Since the 1930s sacred rituals such as the barong dance
have been performed both in their original contexts, as well as exclusively for
paying tourists. This has led to new versions of many of these performances which
have developed according to the preferences of foreign audiences; some villages
have a barong mask specifically for non-ritual performances as well as an older
mask which is only used for sacred performances.[120]

Balinese society continues to revolve around each family's ancestral village, to

which the cycle of life and religion is closely tied.[121] Coercive aspects of
traditional society, such as customary law sanctions imposed by traditional
authorities such as village councils (including "kasepekang", or shunning) have
risen in importance as a consequence of the democratisation and decentralisation of
Indonesia since 1998.[121]

Sports[edit]
Bali is a major world surfing destination with popular breaks dotted across the
southern coastline and around the offshore island of Nusa Lembongan.[122]

As part of the Coral Triangle, Bali, including Nusa Penida, offers a wide range of
dive sites with varying types of reefs.

Bali was the host of 2008 Asian Beach Games.[123] It was the second time Indonesia
hosted an Asia-level multi-sport event, after Jakarta held the 1962 Asian Games.

In football, Bali is home to the football club Bali United, which plays in the Liga
1. The team was relocated from Samarinda, East Kalimantan to Gianyar, Bali.
Harbiansyah Hanafiah, the main commissioner of Bali United explained that he did
the name change and moved the homebase to Bali because there were no representative
from Bali in the highest football tier in Indonesia.[124] Another reason was due to
local fans in Samarinda prefer to support Pusamania Borneo F.C. more than Persisam.

Heritage sites[edit]
In June 2012, Subak, the irrigation system for paddy fields in Bali was enlisted as
a Natural UNESCO world heritage site.[125]

Beauty pageant[edit]
Bali was the host of Miss World 2013 (63rd edition of the Miss World pageant). It
was the first time Indonesia hosted an international beauty pageant.

International partnerships[edit]
Malaysia Penang, Malaysia
Gallery[edit]

Pura Besakih
Kecak dancers

The uncompleted Garuda Wisnu Kencana park.

Detailed relief of a pura, near Kuta, Bali

Pura Bratan

Stone carvings in Ubud.

Statue of Bhima, Nusa Dua

Singapadu Bali Temple

Bali dancer, Ramayana 2014

Balinese stone guardian at Ubud Palace

Hand-carved temple guard.

Sculptural detail from the Temple at Lake Batur

The Ogoh-Ogoh Festival at Ubud.

Mushroom Beach, Nusa Lembongan

Bali Zoo entrance at Sukawati

Pura Luhur Uluwatu

Sunset view from The Rock Bar at Ayana Resort, Jimbaran Bay
See also[edit]
flag Indonesia portal
Balinese Hinduism
Balinese architecture
Balinese temple
Balinese dance
Tourism in Indonesia
Culture of Indonesia
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Bibliography[edit]
Haer, Debbie Guthrie; Morillot, Juliette & Toh, Irene (2001). Bali, a traveller's
companion. Editions Didier Millet. ISBN 978-981-4217-35-4.
Gold, Lisa (2005). Music in Bali: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture. New York:
Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514149-0.
Taylor, Jean Gelman (2003). Indonesia: Peoples and Histories. New Haven and London:
Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10518-5.
Pringle, Robert (2004). Bali: Indonesia's Hindu Realm; A short history of. Short
History of Asia Series. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86508-863-3.
Further reading[edit]
Black, Robert (2012). Bali Fungus. Snake Scorpion Press. ISBN 978-1-477-508-244.
Copeland, Jonathan (2010). Secrets of Bali: Fresh Light on the Morning of the
World. Orchid Press. ISBN 978-974-524-118-3.
Cotterell, Arthur (2015) Bali: A cultural history, Signal Books ISBN 9781909930179
Miguel Covarrubias, Island of Bali, 1946. ISBN 9625930604
Klemen, L (19992000). "Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign
19411942". Archived from the original on 26 July 2011.
McPhee, Colin (2003). A House in Bali. Tuttle Publishing; New edition, 2000 (first
published in 1946 by J. Day Co). ISBN 978-962-593-629-1.
Shavit, David (2006). Bali and the Tourist Industry: A History, 19061942.
McFarland & Co Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-1572-4.
Vickers, Adrian (1994). Travelling to Bali: Four Hundred Years of Journeys. Oxford
University Press. ISBN 978-967-65-3081-3.
Whitten, Anthony J.; Roehayat Emon Soeriaatmadja; Suraya A. Afiff (1997). The
Ecology of Java and Bali. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Ltd. ISBN 978-962-593-072-5.
Wijaya, Made (2003). Architecture of Bali: A Source Book of Traditional and Modern
Forms. Thames & Hudson Ltd. ISBN 978-0-500-34192-6.
External links[edit]
Find more about
Bali
at Wikipedia's sister projects
Media from Wikimedia Commons
Travel guide from Wikivoyage
Wikisource-logo.svg "Bali". Encyclopadia Britannica. 3 (11th ed.). 1911.
Geographic data related to Bali at OpenStreetMap
Bali provincial government official website
[hide] v t e
Regencies and cities of Bali
Capital: Denpasar
Regencies
Badung Bangli Buleleng Gianyar Jembrana Karangasem Klungkung Tabanan
Seal of Bali
Cities
Denpasar
See also: List of regencies and cities of Indonesia
[show] v t e
Provinces of Indonesia
Authority control
WorldCat Identities VIAF: 151216682 GND: 4004327-7
Categories: BaliIslands of IndonesiaLesser Sunda IslandsProvinces of
IndonesiaMaritime Southeast AsiaTourism in Bali
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