JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW TEMPLATE

North American University

Education Department
M.Ed. in Educational Leadership / M.Ed. in Curriculum and Instruction
EDUC 5324 Integrating Technology into Education

Name:_________Daniel Burgos_______ Date: _9/22/17___________________

Cite the reviewed article in APA format:

References
Waxman, H. C., Boriack, A. W., Yuan-Hsuan, L., & MacNeil, A. (2013). Principals'
Perceptions of the Importance of Technology in Schools. Contemporary Educational
Technology, 4(3), 187-196.

INTRODUCTION

Research Questions (if research questions are not specifically mentioned, what is
the theoretical background or overarching theme): What are principals
perceptions of the importance of technology? Do principals perceptions of
technology differ by years of experience and gender?
Purpose of the research: The purpose of the research is to see if years of
experience and gender influence the perception of technology and its importance
in the classroom.

METHODOLOGY

What is the methodology for the research or approach used to understand the
issue? Provide information regarding the following:
Participants: 310 principals,126 males and 184 females. A range of years of
experience was present with 104 participants having 0-3 years of experience, 82
participants having 4-7 years, 55 participants having 8-11 years, 32 participants
having 12-15 years, and 31 participants having greater than 15 years of
experience.

Procedures: The questionnaire was administered by graduate students.

The students were trained on how to administer the instrument and
required to interview a specific number of current public school principals.

Data Collection Methods/Data Source: cognitive interview questionnaire for

310 principals

Data Analysis: The survey instrument was designed specifically for this
purpose and included both qualitative and quantitative questions. The data
was then coded into meaningful categories. Once the categories were
established, another researcher independently coded a 10% sample of
responses to determine the consistency of the coding. The inter-coder
reliability results revealed a high level of agreement (Cohens kappa = .94).

RESULTS

Findings or Results (or main points of the article): About one-third (34.7%) of the
principals indicated that technology was used as a primary
Communication tool. Over one-quarter (27.7%) of principals responded that
technology was integrated in teachers classroom instruction.
13.6% of principals responded that technology was used for data sharing and
management.
14.5% of principals responded that technology was used as a resource to find
information.
10% of principals said that technology was used for administrative task, such as
taking attendance.
And the final 9.7% or principals said that technology was used for student
learning.
Percentages do not add up to 100 since some responses were in more than one
category.

Responses(by gender)
Male (n=126) Female (n=184)
Males: as a resource (16%), for data sharing and management (15%), for administrative
tasks (12%), and for student learning (10%).
Females: for data sharing and management (15%), as a resource (14%), for student
learning (12%), and for administrative tasks
(9%).
Responses by experience:
Major Function of Technology
0-3 Yrs (n=104) 4-7 Yrs(n=82) 8-11 Yrs (n=55) 12-15 Yrs (n=32) > 15 Yrs(n=31)
Communication 38.5 % 32.9 % 30.9 % 28.1 % 35.5 %
Instruction 24.1 % 30.4 % 23.6 % 31.3 % 38.7 %
Data sharing & Management
10.6 % 18.3 % 14.6 % 21.9 % 19.4 %
Resource 21.2 % 7.3 % 9.1 % 12.5 % 25.8 %
Administrative tasks 6.7 % 12.2 % 3.6 % 15.6 % 19.4 %
Student learning 9.6 % 14.6 % 3.6 % 12.5 % 6.4 %
DISCUSSIONS

Conclusions/Implications (for your profession): This study helped me realize that

one of the most useful resources that is rapidly growing in the education field is
the implementation of technology. Most teachers can agree that the use of
technology in the classroom provides benefits to a childs learning experience
and the way teachers present content to their students.

REFLECTIONS

Students Reflections (changes to your understanding; implications for your

school/work): Even before reading the article i could tell that my initials thoughts
werent going to change, this is because I already knew that technology can be a
useful resource when it comes to teaching. I am student and I can honestly say
that my learning experience has been drastically enhanced because of
technology. The same will be said once I graduate college and I become an
instructor myself. So, right off the bat, technology isnt a helpful resource, this is
because technology can be used correctly and incorrectly. If a teacher uses a
computer and plays a lesson for the class instead of teaching the class
his/herself, then it means technology actually hindered a childs learning
experience instead of enhancing it.