Fu Me Hood Performance Testing

2003 Spring Conference
St. Petersburg, Florida

April 7-9, 2003
Fume Hood
Performance Testing
Presented by: Robert DeLuca
President/CEO
2085 FIFTH AVENUE

RONKONKOMA, NY 11779
PH: 631.471.7755 FX: 631.471.9161
www.lab-crafters.com
What is a Fume Hood?
A Laboratory fume hood is a ventilated
enclosure designed to contain and
exhaust fumes, vapors, mists and
particulate matter generated within
the hood interior. Fume hood
structures are basically boxlike,
with an open side (or sides) for
access to the interior of the hood. A
transparent, movable panel, called
a sash, allows the user to restrict or
enlarge the hood opening.
The hood is connected, via duct work, to an exhaust fan, usually

located on the roof of the building in which the hood is located. The
exhaust fan draws air from the room in which the hood is in through
the hood opening and out through the duct work. The speed of the
air moving through the hood opening is known as face velocity.
April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 2

What is a Fume Hood?
Above all else, laboratory fume hoods are SAFETY
DEVICES, designed to contain contaminants generated
inside the fume hoods chamber. Selection of the proper
fume hood design and safe work practices are key to
user safety.

Fume Hood Performance Testing
!What is Fume Hood Performance Testing?
What it is v. What it is NOT
!How Do We Check Fume Hood
Performance?
Qualitative Testing v. Quantitative Testing
!Discussion of Fume Hood Performance
Tests Methods.
!What is on the Horizon for Fume Hood
Testing?
What is Fume Hood
Performance Testing?
! What Fume Hood Performance Testing is:
A method of evaluating the fume hoods ability to
contain and exhaust fumes under a set a standard
conditions.
A means for a comparative analysis of fume hoods.
A tool for fume hood manufacturers to use in the
design and research & development of fume hoods.
A criteria for fume hood procurement (ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-92).
A method to commission and certify fume hood
installations.
A forensic tool to identify issues/problems with an
installed laboratory fume hood HVAC systems.
What is Fume Hood
Performance Testing?
! What Fume Hood Performance Testing is NOT:
As of today, there is no performance test that directly
correlates the results of the fume hood performance test
with the safety afforded to a fume hood operator. The
variables in hood environment (including cross drafts,
temperature and pressure fluctuations, activity and
traffic in the lab space, hood location, system design),
use practices, materials in the hood and hood loading,
prevent a direct correlation.

How to Check Fume Hood
Performance
Qualitative versus Quantitative
! Qualitative:
A visual method of testing a
fume hood which incorporates
measuring the face velocity
and releasing visible smoke in
and around the hood to
observe airflow patterns.
! Quantitative:
A method of testing fume
hoods where the amount of
gas particle escape from the
fume hood chamber is
precisely measured by
instrumentation.

Performance Qualitative
Face Velocity Testing
! Measuring the speed of the
air as it enters the hood
chamber through the sash
opening.
! The sash opening is divided
into equal area grids and a
velocity measurement is
taken at the center of each PHOTO FROM CAMBRIDGE ACCUSENSE, INC.
grid. All of the grid velocities QUATTRO FLOW BROCHURE
are averaged to get the fume

hoods average face velocity.
Performance Qualitative
Face Velocity Testing
! Pros:
Used to determine exhaust flow through the
fume hood and the velocity profile.
Can detect turbulence at the fume hood face,
which may lead to poor fume hood
performance.
Can be used as a spot check to confirm air
flows and velocity profiles after more
extensive quantitative testing has been done
to establish a baseline.
! Cons:
Face Velocity does not equate to fume
containment.
Achievement of target average face velocity
may give users a false sense of security.
Performance - Qualitative
Smoke Visualization Testing
! Releasing a visible smoke in the fume
hood chamber to observe the air flow
patterns in and around the fume
hood.
! Smoke should enter the fume hood in
a smooth manner and be exhausted
through the baffle slots and out
through the exhaust duct.
! The smoke should not escape from
the chamber, nor should their be any
turbulence, stalling, reverse flow or
dead spots observed.

Performance - Qualitative
Smoke Visualization Testing
! Pros:
Airflow patterns can be observed.
Excellent for Fume Hood
manufacturers for design and
research & development.
! Cons:
Testing is subjective.
Human eye can only see smoke
in hundreds of parts per million,
therefore a human could only
observe a catastrophic failure of PHOTO FROM TEST CONDUCTED BY THE STATE OF
fume hood containment. WISCONSIN, FUME HOOD PERFORMANCE TEST AND
LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS FOR UNIVERSITY OF
WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE FEBRUARY 21, 2000

Performance - Quantitative
Tracer Gas Testing
! A tracer gas is released inside
the fume hood chamber, and
any tracer gas escape that is
detected by a sampling
probe(s) is recorded by a gas
analyzer and a data logger.
! The gas analyzer used is either
an infra-red spectrophotometer
or an electron capture device,
both of which can detect the
tracer gas in levels down to
parts per billion.

Performance - Quantitative
Tracer Gas Testing
! Pros:
Actual gas escape from the fume
hood chamber can be measured in
parts per billion.
Gives a true comparative
performance grade to judge hoods
against one another.
More accurate and non-subjective
than qualitative testing.
! Cons:
Relatively expensive. PHOTO FROM WEBSITE: WWW.LABHOODPRO.COM
EXPOSURE CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Uses a greenhouse gas (SF6).
Not a pharmacological study.

Fume Hood Performance
Test Methods
! ANSI/ASHRAE 110-1995 (United States)
! Invent-UK Method (United Kingdom)
! DIN 12 924 (Germany)
! BS 7258 (Great Britain)
! European Standard (European Union)

Test Methods
! ANSI/ASHRAE 110-1995 Method of Testing the
Performance of Laboratory Fume Hoods (USA)
! American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, Air-conditioning
Engineers.
! Evolved from a research paper by K. J. Caplan and G. W.
Knutson, Laboratory Fume Hoods, A Performance Test, RP-
70, ASHRAE Transactions, 1978.
! First ASHRAE 110 standard published in 1985 then revised in
1995.
! Currently under revision for 2005.
! EN 14175 Standard (European Union)

Test Methods
! ANSI/ASHRAE
110 Method of
Testing
Performance of
Laboratory
Fume Hoods

Test Methods
Different ASHRAE test
categories:
! As Manufactured (AM): In
the Hood manufacturers in-
house test lab
! As Installed (AI): Field
Testing after installation but
prior to use.
! As Used (AU): Field Testing
with all equipment and
apparatus in the hood as
normally used. As Used Testing
PHOTO FROM WEBSITE: WWW.SAFELAB.COM
COPYRIGHT 2001 SAFELAB CORP.

Test Methods
ASHRAE Test consists of:
! Face Velocity Testing
! Smoke Visualization Testing
Local Test
Large Volume Test
! Tracer Gas Testing
Static: 3 Mannequin Positions
(Left, Center and Right)
Sash Movement Effect Test
Perimeter Test

Test Methods
ANSI/ASHRAE 110 Test
Standard :
Tracer Gas
! Gas: Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)
100% or Commercial Grade.
! Release Rate: 4.0 liters per
minute (LPM).
! Release Points: One release
point per test through an ejector
located 6 from the plane of the
sash. TRACER
GAS
EJECTOR
Test Methods
Standard :
Tracer Gas Collection Point
! Sample Point: One located at
a simulated hood users
breathing zone.
! Sample Point Location:
Mannequins nose located 3
from the plane of the sash.
! Mannequin Height: 67
overall height or a breathing
zone height of 26 off the
SAMPLE
work surface. POINT
Test Methods
Standard :
Dynamic Challenge
! Sash Movement Effect Test (SME)
! During the tracer gas test, the sash
is closed for two minutes, then
opened for two minutes. The cycle
is repeated three times.
! This test checks the hoods ability
to perform with the mimicking of an
operator movement and the
response of a variable air volume
(VAV) control system (when
applicable).

Test Methods
Test Methods

! Invent UK Ltd., a private firm, developed this test method.
! Method was authored by Dr. Ali Bicen in 1992.
! An effort to find a more efficient way to field test fume hoods.
! Used by France in its fume hood testing Standard XPX 15-203.

Test Methods
! Invent-UK
Specifications
Handbook for
Fume Cupboard
Performance
Tests:
Procedures,
Requirements
and Gradings

Test Methods
Invent-UK Test consists of:
! Face Velocity Testing
Mean
Turbulence Intensity
! Tracer Gas Testing
6 Grid Positions (Upper and
Lower: Left, Center and Right)

Test Methods
Invent-UK Method:
Tracer Gas
! Gas: 10% Sulfur
Hexafluoride - 90%
Nitrogen mix.
! Release Rate: 3.0 LPM
! Release Points: One
release point per test
through an ejector
located 150mm from
the plane of the sash.

Test Methods
Invent-UK Method:
! Sample Points: 9 probe grid
connected to a manifold.
Probes are placed at the
plane of the sash. Six tests
are run with the grid located
at three positions across the
top part of the sash opening
and three positions across
the bottom of the sash 9 SAMPLE
opening. POINTS

Test Methods
Test Methods

! Evolved from German research based upon British Standard
document DD80.
! One of the only European test methods that uses a mannequin.

Test Methods
! DIN 12 924 Part 1
General Purpose
Fume Cupboards,
Types, Main
Dimensions,
Requirements and
Testing

Test Methods
DIN 12 924 :
Tracer Gas
! Gas: 10% Sulfur
Hexafluoride - 90%
Nitrogen mix.
! Release Points: One
release point per test
through an ejector
located 200mm from the
plane of the sash.

Test Methods
DIN 12 924 :
! Sample Points: 20 probe grid
connected to a manifold.
Probes are placed 100mm
The mannequin is placed
behind the probe grid,
250mm from the plane of the
sash.
20 SAMPLE
POINTS
Test Methods
Test Methods

! 1982 BS Draft Document DD80 evolved into DD88 which then
evolved into BS 7258.
! Four parts:
! Part 1. Specification for Safety and Performance
! Part 2. Recommendations for Exchange of Information and
Recommendations for Installation
! Part 3. Recommendations for Selection, Use and Maintenance
! Part 4. Method for Determination of the Containment Value of a
Laboratory Fume Cupboard
Test Methods
! BS 7258: Part 4
Method for
Determination
of the
Containment
Value of a
Laboratory
Fume Cupboard

Test Methods
BS 7258 :
Tracer Gas
! Gas: 10% Sulfur
Hexafluoride - 90%
Nitrogen mix.
! Release Points: Through
an ejector located 150mm

Test Methods
DIN 12 924 :
! Sample Points: Multi-probe
grid connected to a manifold.
Number of probes dictated by
size of sash opening.
Probes are placed at the
plane of the sash.

Test Methods
Test Methods

! Group effort by 11 European countries to establish a test
Standard for European Union.
! Hybrid of BS, Invent-UK and DIN standards.
! Not published yet. Six parts. Part 1 & 2 scheduled to be
published in a few months.

Test Methods
! EN 14175
OUTERMEASUREMENT GRID INNERMEASUREMENT GRID

Test Methods
! EN 14175: Dynamic Testing:
Robustness Test

On the Horizon for Fume
Hood Performance Testing
! Different height test mannequins.
! Test mannequins that move, give off body heat and
simulate breathing (in and out).
! Automated walk-bys and traffic in the lab space.
! More detailed tracking of the HVAC system during
testing, including supply and exhaust flow volumes, air
temperature and humidity, lab space pressure, etc.
! Different types of tracer gas.
! Different methods of introducing the tracer gas into the
fume hood chamber and different release rates.
! Inexpensive and faster tracer gas test methods.

On the Horizon for Fume
Hood Performance Testing
! Automated walk-bys and traffic in the lab space.

Acknowledgements
I would like to thank the following individuals for
their contributions to this presentation:
! Hans Uijtewaal S+B Rotterdam B.V. Rotterdam, Netherlands
! Thomas C. Smith Exposure Control Technologies Cary, NC
! Dale T. Hitchings SAFELAB Corp. Indianapolis, IN
! Dr. Mike Flynn University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC

Thank You for Your Time.
If you have any questions, or would like to discuss this
further, please do not hesitate to call:
Robert DeLuca
President/CEO
Lab Crafters, Inc.
2085 Fifth Avenue
Ronkonkoma, NY 11779
Ph: 631.471.7755 Fx: 631.471.9161
Email: rdeluca@lab-crafters.com
Scientific Equipment & Furniture Controlled Environment Testing

Association (SEFA) Association (CETA)
1205 Franklin Avenue, Ste. 320 1500 Sunday Drive, Suite 102
Garden City, NY 11530 Raleigh, NC 27607
Ph: 516.294.5424 Fx: 516.294.2758 Ph: 919.861.5576 Fx: 919.787.4916
Web: www.sefalabs.com Web: www.cetainternational.org
Email: sefalabs@aol.com Email: info@cetainternational.org
David J. Sutton, Executive Director Steven Feinstein, President

Fu Me Hood Performance Testing

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fu Me Hood Performance Testing

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

2003 Spring Conference

St. Petersburg, Florida

2085 FIFTH AVENUE

The hood is connected, via duct work, to an exhaust fan, usually

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 2

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 3

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 6

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 7

grid. All of the grid velocities QUATTRO FLOW BROCHURE

are averaged to get the fume

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 10

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 11

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 12

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 13

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 14

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 15

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 16

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 17

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 18

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 21

! Invent-UK Method (United Kingdom)

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 22

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 23

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 24

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 25

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 26

! DIN 12 924 (Germany)

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 27

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 28

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 29

! BS 7258 (Great Britain)

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 32

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 33

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 34

! EN 14175 Standard (European Union)

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 35

OUTERMEASUREMENT GRID INNERMEASUREMENT GRID

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 36

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 37

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 38

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 39

! Hans Uijtewaal S+B Rotterdam B.V. Rotterdam, Netherlands

! Thomas C. Smith Exposure Control Technologies Cary, NC

! Dale T. Hitchings SAFELAB Corp. Indianapolis, IN

! Dr. Mike Flynn University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC

April 8, 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 LAB CRAFTERS, INC. 40

Scientific Equipment & Furniture Controlled Environment Testing

You might also like